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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 347-349 (May 2000), p. 598-602 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 347-349 (May 2000), p. 674-677 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 217-222 (May 1996), p. 653-660 
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 2 (1983), S. 1327-1334 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Si è ottenuto il riordinamento del MSE nella fase smetticaB dello ZLI 1544 (4-(trans-4-n-pentilcicloesil)-4′-trans-4-n-propilcicloesil-bifenile) per evidenziare gli effetti di un solvente liquido cristallino. Le differenti mesofasi dello ZLI 1544 sono state prima studiate con tecniche di diffrazione di raggi X per caratterizzare la struttura delle due mesofasi smettiche sconosciute.
    Abstract: Резюме Осуществляется перестройка MSE в смектическойB фазе ZLI 1544 (4-(транс-4-n-пентилциклогексил)-4′-транс-4-n-пропилциклоге-ксил-бифенил), чтобы исследовать влияние растворяющих эффектов жидкого кристалла. Предварительно изучались различные мезофазы ZLI 1544 с помощью методов рентгеновской дифракции, чтобы охарактеризовать структуру двух неизвестных смектических мезофаз.
    Notes: Summary The rearrangement of MSE has been carried out in the smecticB phase of ZLI 1544 (4-(trans-4-n-pentyclyclohexyl)-4′-trans-4-n-propylcyclohexyl-biphenyl) in order to probe the occurrence of liquid-crystalline-solvent effects. The different mesophases of ZLI 1544 have been previously studied by the X-ray diffraction technique in order to characterize the structure of the two unknown smectic mesophases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Phase equilibria ; phase transitions ; critical points of specific substances
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto La tecnica di diffrazione dei raggi X è stata usata per studiare le transizioni di fase che riguardano il composto puro 4-propionil-4′-n-nonanoilossiazobenzene. In particolare, dall'ampiezza del fattore di struttura nel piano, di forma lorentziana come previsto dalla teoria, è stata determinata la lunghezza di correlazione posizionale nel piano ξ‖ in funzione della temperatura. I valori di ξ‖ variano da ξ‖≃ 20 Å aT=88°C a ξ‖≃ 100 Å aT=82°C, in buon accordo con i dati riguardanti le fasi esaticheB di composti precedentemente studiati.
    Abstract: Резюме Техника дифракции рентгеновских лучей используется для исследования фазовых переходов в чистом соединении 4-propionyl-4′-n-nonanoyloxyazobenzene. В частности, определяется длина позиционной корреляции в плоскости ξ‖, как функция температуры, исходя из ширины структурного фактора, в плоскости, для лоренцевой формы, как было предсказано теоретически. Значения ξ‖ изменяются от ξ‖≃ 20 Å приT=80°C до ξ‖≃ 100 Å приT=82°C, что хорошо согласуется с данными для гексафазB ранее исследованных соединений.
    Notes: Summary X-ray diffraction technique was used to investigate the phase transitions involving the pure compound 4-propionyl-4′-n-nonanoyloxyazobenzene. In particular, the temperature dependence of the in-plane positional correlation length ξ‖ was determined from the width of the in-plane structure factor of Lorentzian shape, as predicted by the theory. The ξ1 values vary from ξ‖≃ 20 Å atT=88 °C to ξ‖≃ 100 Å atT=82°C, in good agreement with the data concerning the hexaticB phases of previously investigated compounds.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 69-78 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Da alcuni anni si stanno studiando la sintesi e le proprietà fisiche di alcune serie omologhe aventi la seguente struttura generale: CH3-(CH2) m -CO-C6H4-N=N-C6H4-O-CO-(CH2) n -CH3, conn variabile da zero a sedici. In questo lavoro vengono descritti i risultati di uno studio diffrattometrico della serie liquido cristallina dei 4-butanoil-4′-n-alkanoilossi azobenzeni (m=2) e dei 4-pentanoil-4′-n-alkanoilossi azobenzeni (m=3): in particolare le fasi smettiche ordinate della seriem=3 sono state identificate e ne vengono discussi i parametri strutturali. Per quanto riguarda la fase smetticaA, abbiamo misurato lo spessore degli strati in funzione din sia nella seriem=2 chem=3: i risultati ottenuti sono stati confrontati con quelli delle serie omologhe conm=0 em=1. In particolare sono state osservate un'apprezzabile diminuzione dell'incremento dello spessore dovuto al gruppo CH2 ed un corrispondente aumento dello spessore del substrato aromatico: il modello che viene proposto permette di interpretare tali fenomeni.
    Abstract: Резюме В течение нескольких лет мы исследовали синтез и физические свойства гомологических рядов со следующей структурой: CH3-(CH2) m -CO-C6H4-N=N-C6H4-O-CO-(CH2) n -CH3, гдеn находится в области от 0 до 16. В этой работе мы приводим результаты дифрактометрических исследований жидких кристаллических соединений сm=2 сm=3, в частности, индентифицируются все упорядоченные смектические фазы дляm=3 и обсуждаются некоторые структурные параметры. Рассчитывая смектическуюА фазу, мы определяем зависимость толщины слоя от для рядов сm=2 и сm=3. Полученные результаты сравниваются с результатами для гомологических рядов сm=0 и сm=1. В частности, наблюдается заметное уменьшение приращения толщины, обусловленное группой CH2, и соответствующее увеличение толщины ароматического подслоя. Полученные результаты интерпретиружтся с помощью предложенной модели.
    Notes: Summary Since few years, we have been studying the synthesis and the physical properties of homologous series with the following general structure: CH3-(CH2) m -CO-C6H4-N=N-C6H4-O-CO-(CH2) n -CH3, withn ranging from zero to sixteen. In this work we report the results of the diffractometric study of the liquid crystalline series 4-butanoyl-4′-n-alkanoyloxy azobenzenes (m=2) and 4-pentanoyl-4′-n-alkanoyloxy azobenzenes (m=3): in particular all the ordered smectic phases of them=3 series have been identified and some structural parameters are discussed. Considering the smecticA phase, we have determined the layer thickness as a function ofn for both them=2 andm=3 series: the results have been compared with those of the homologous series withm=0 andm=1. In particular an appreciable decrease of the thickness increment due to a CH2 group and a corresponding increase of the thickness of aromatic sublayer were observed: these results are interpreted by means of a proposed model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1309-1316 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary Liposomes of distearoyl phosphatidyl choline (DSPC) in excess water and containing different quantities of cholesterol were studied by using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry techniques. A phase diagram was obtained with phases not occurring in the absence of cholesterol. Coexistences of phases were also detected.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 1385-1398 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; PACS 64.70 ; Phase equilibria, phase transitions and critical points of specific substances ; Biophysics of neurophysiological processes (excluding perception processes and speech)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto L’interazione fra colesterolo e membrana è particolarmente interessante poiché la concentrazione di colesterolo influenza la stabilità e la permeabilità della membrana, inducendo cambiamenti sulla struttura e dinamica dei lipidi che la costituiscono. D’altra parte il colesterolo è presente nelle placche aterosclerotiche e in malattie della pelle quali xantomi e xantelasmi. È presentato uno studio sulla fase Γ di una miscela acquosa di colesterolo e distearoilfosfatidilcolina (DSPC), mediante diffrazione di raggi X e microcalorimetria differenziale. Il rapporto molare colesterolo/DSPC vale 35/65 e il rapporto peso DSPC/acqua è 1/3. La fase Γ appare a concentrazioni di colesterolo abbastanza alte ed è caratterizzata da ordine posizionale fra le catene considerevolmente piú basso che nelle fasiL β′ eP β′ ma piú, alto che nella fase liquido-cristallinaL ∝ della pura lecitina in eccesso d’acqua. I risultati suggeriscono che nell’intervallo di temperatura d’esistenza della fase Γ esiste una separazione laterale di fase. La seconda fase (Γ′) appare essere piú ricca di colesterolo. Si studia la transizione della fase (Γ+Γ′) alla faseL ∝ e si determina la dipendenza dalla temperatura della lunghezza di correlazione sul piano (ξ) nella fase Γ. In corrispondenza della transizione di fusione delle catene è osservato un picco calorimetrico con entalpia molto bassa; ciò conferma la natura fortemente disordinata della fasi Γ e Γ′.
    Abstract: Резюме Взаимодействие холестерола с мембранами представляет особый интерес с точки зрения, как концентрация холестерола влияет на устойчивость и проницаемость мембраны, индуцируя изменения в структуре и динамике молекул, составляющих липид. С другой стороны холестерол присутсвует в атеросклеротических бляшках и в некоторых кожных заболеваниях. Проводится исследование Γ фазы в водной смеси холестерол-DSPC, используя дифракцию рентгеновских лучей и дифференциальную сканирующую калориметрию. Молекулярное отношение холестерол-DSPC составляет 35/36, а отношение весов DSPC-вода составляет 1/3. Γ фаза возникает при достаточной высокой концентрации холестерола и характеризуется позиционным порядком между цепочками более низким, чем в случае фазL β иP β но более высоким чем в случае фазы жидкого кристаллаL ∝ для чистого лецитина при избытке воды. Полученные результаты показывают, что поперечное разделение фаз сущестует при температурах, когда существует Γ фаза. Возникает другая Γ′ фаза при более высоких концентрациях холестерола. Исследуется фазовый переход из (Γ+Γ′) фазы вL ∝ фазу. Определяется температурная зависимость длины корреляции в Γ фазе. Обнаружен очень слабьй пик энтальпии при нереходе, связанном с плавлением цепочек, что подтверждает сильно разупорядоченную природу фаз Γ и Γ′.
    Notes: Summary The interaction of cholesterol with membranes is particularly interesting as the cholesterol concentration influences membrane stability and permeability by inducing changes in the structure and dynamics of the constituent lipid molecules. On the other hand, cholesterol is present in the atherosclerotic plaques and in some skin diseases, like xanthomas and xantelasmas. An investigation was performed on the Γ phase in a cholesterol-distearoyl phosphatidyl choline (DSPC) mixture by using X-ray diffraction and differential scanning calorimetry. The cholesterol/DSPC molar ratio was 35/65 and DSPC-to-water weight ratio was 1/3. The Γ phase appears at sufficiently high concentration of cholesterol and it is characterized by interchain positional order considerably lower than in theL β′ andP β′ phases but higher than in theL ∝ liquid crystalline phase of pure lecithin in excess water. The results suggest that a lateral phase separation exists in the temperature range of existence of the Γ phase. The other phase Γ′ appears to be richer in cholesterol. The (Γ+Γ′) toL ∝ phase transition was investigated and the temperature dependence of the in-plane correlation length in the Γ phase was determined. A very weak enthalpy peak was observed at the chain melting transition, confirming the highly disordered nature of phases Γ and Γ′.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 10 (1988), S. 1399-1408 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals ; Phase equilibria, phase transitions and critical points of specific substances ; Biophysics of neurophysiological processes (excluding perception processes and speech)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto Liposomi di dipalmitoillecitina contenenti propranololo, un beta-bloccante ampiamente utilizzato contro le aritmie cardiache, sono stati studiati utilizzando tecniche di risonaza magnetica electtronica con marcatori di spin, tecniche di risonanza magnetica nucleare sul fosforo 31 e tecniche di calorimetria. Il farmaco anche alle più basse concentrazioni penetra nel doppio strato lipidico e a concentrazioni maggiori esercita un sensibile effetto fluidificante. Infatti la presenza del propranololo induce un abbassamento nella temperatura di fusione delle catene alifatiche e fa diminuire la cooperatività della corrispondente transizione. Inoltre la transizione di faseL β′ −P β′ non è piú rivelabile anche alle piú basse concentrazioni di farmaco.
    Abstract: Резюме Используя технику злектронного магнитного резонанса са спиновой меткой, метод калориметрии и метод ядерного магнитного резонанса на31P, исследуется смесь дипалмитолицина с пропранололом, бета-блокатор, применяемый при сердечной аритмии. Оказывается это лекарство входит в двойной лимидныи слой также при более низких концентрациях, а при болыших концентрациях обнаруживает заметный эффект разжижения. В действителяности, присутствие лекарства уменьшает температуру плавления цепочек и соответствующее кооперативное чнсло. Более того, фазовый переходL β′ −P β′ не наблудается при более низких концентрациях лекарства.
    Notes: Summary Spin labelling ESR, calorimetry and31P NMR have been used to investigate dipalmitoyl phosphatidylcholine dispersions incorporated with propranolol which is a β-adrenoceptor blocking drug, widely used in the treatment of arrhythmy. The drug appears to enter the lipid bilayer also at the lowest concentrations and to induce a progressive fluidification of multilamellar vesicles. In fact, the presence of drug reduces the temperature of chain melting transition and the corresponding cooperation number. Furthermore the phase transitionL β′ −P β′ is not observable also at the lowest drug concentrations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 12 (1990), S. 1317-1324 
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Liquid crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Summary A brief survey of thein vitro methods of preparing DNA mesomorphic phases is presented. The significance of thesein vitro preparations for thein vivo condensed states of DNA is also discussed. The procedure of preparing a dispersion of mesomorphic condensates of unsonicated calf thymus DNA by using polyethylene glycol was investigated by the circular dichroism (CD) technique. The operational conditions able to provide at the same time good packing of the DNA chains and reproducible CD signals were searched. The morphology of the condensates thus obtained was studied by transmission electron microscopy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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