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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 7 (1978), S. 469-495 
    ISSN: 0084-6589
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Biophysics and Biomolecular Structure 7 (1978), S. 497-526 
    ISSN: 0084-6589
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @photogrammetric record 14 (1992), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1477-9730
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Architecture, Civil Engineering, Surveying
    Notes: Maintaining the quality of aerial photographic products with time requires a simultaneous retention of both image and dimensional characteristics. These factors are prerequisites for maintaining aesthetic value and ensuring no distortion of information occurs. It is, however, the recent experience of archivists that many negatives and prints are suffering irreversible deterioration. Degradation is typified by image fading, the presence of surface crystalline deposits which obscure any image and significant dimensional distortion. This paper relates those factors which influence stability, principally temperature, relative humidity and oxygen, and correlates them to structural changes in the materials. In addition an overview is given of methods of monitoring and of inhibiting breakdown. 〈section xml:id="abs1-2"〉〈title type="main"〉Résumé Pour maintenir la qualité des produits photographiques aériens dans le temps, il faut satisfaire auxproblèmes de conservation à la fois de ľimage et de ses qualités dimensionnelles. Ce sont des préalables nécessaires au maintien de la qualité esthétique du document et àľabsence de distorsion dans ses données. C'est que ľexpérience récente des archivistes a montré que nombre de négatifs et de tirages subissaient actuellement des détériorations irréversibles. Ces détériorations sont caractérisees par ľaffaiblissement de ľimage, ľapparition de dépôts cristallins en surface qui obscurcissent ľimage et ľexistence de variations dimensionelles importantes. On examine dans cet article les facteurs qui pertubent cette conservation, essentiellement la température, ľhumidité relative et ľoxydation et on les corrèle avec les changements structured des matériaux. On donne de plus un aperçu des méthodes permettant de suivre et de freiner ces altérations. 〈section xml:id="abs1-3"〉〈title type="main"〉Zusammenfassung Das Gewährleisten der Qualität von Luftbilderzeugnissen in Abhängigkeit der Zeit erfordert die gleichzeitige Bewahrung sowohl der Bild- als auch der Dimensionscharakteristika. Diese Faktoren sind die Voraussetzungen zur Erhaltung des ästhetischen Wertes und gewährleisten, daβ keine Verzerrung der Informationen auftritt. Es ist jedoch neuste Erfahrung von Archivaren, daβ viele Negative und Kopien irreversible Wertminderungen erleiden. Das wird sichtbar durch das Verblassen von Bildern, das Auftreten von kristallinen Ablagerungen aufder Oberfläche, die Bilddetails verdecken und durch signifikante Dimensionsänderungen. Der Betrag bezieht sich auf solche Faktoren, die die Stabilitat beeinflussen, vor allem Temperatur, relative Luftfeuchte und Sauerstoff und korreliert diese mit strukturellen Veranderungen des Materials. Zusätzlich wird ein Überblick über Verfahren zur Materialbeobachtung und der Verminderung von dessen Verderb gegeben.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Polymer bulletin 42 (1999), S. 273-279 
    ISSN: 1436-2449
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Summary PVC stabilised with mixtures of pre-heated metal stearates are degraded thermally for specific periods of time, in order to determine their influence on the production of polyenes by uv spectroscopy. Additionally, the PVC samples are treated with NaBH4 to reduce the carbonylic groups produced during the thermo-oxidative process. Important differences in the polyene formation trends are observed, between the reduced and non-reduced samples, indicating that the carbonyl groups attached to polyenes shift the absorbance maxima and alter considerably the quantification of the double bond conjugations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1977), S. 1320-1324 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The weathering performance of various grades of untreated (or uncoated) and treated (or coated) rutile pigments in commercial polyethylene in the absence and presence of primary and secondary antioxidants is examined. Using carbonyl index as a monitor of the rate of photo-oxidation, untreated rutile sensitizes the photo-oxidation of polyethylene, whereas the treated grades act as photostabilisers. The photosensitizing effect of untreated rutile is markedly inhibited by a synergistic combination of a hindered phenol (Topanol CA) and a sulphur containing antioxidant (DLTDP). Further, the order of weathering stability of the treated rutile pigments in the absence of any antioxidant in the polymer is altered significantly when an antioxidant system is present. The imporance of pigment/antioxidant interactions is discussed. The photo-oxidation of polyethylene containing the treated rutile pigments is also significantly improved by the presence of a primary antioxidant or a primary/secondary antioxidant system compared with a secondary antioxidant alone. These results indicate that peroxides play only a minor role in the photo-oxidation of TiO2 (rutile) pigmented polyethylene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of various stabilizer and titanium dioxide (rutile) pigment combinations on the photo-yellowing and photo-oxidation of commercial polyethylene containing an antioxidant, 4,4′-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-meta-cresol) is examined. The nature of various interacting mechanisms is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of various stabilizer and titanium dioxide (rutile) pigment combinations on the photo-yellowing and photo-oxidation of commercial polyethylene containing an antioxidant, 4,4′-thio-bis(6-tert-butyl-meta-cresol) is examined. The nature of various interacting mechanisms is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 14 (1979), S. 759-761 
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1573-4803
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract The effect of transition metal ion doping on the charge carrier dynamics in commercial TiO2 pigments has been investigated. The response to extended polychromatic irradiation was monitored by real-time measurements of microwave photoconductivity and photodielectric effects. In addition to intrinsic differences between the rutile and anatase polymorphs, shifts in the resonance frequency and quality factor of a tuned microwave cavity as a function of annealing, and foreign-ion incorporation provided a gauge of the influence of extrinsic trapping centres on photoactivity. Parallel luminescence studies revealed an extension in the lifetime of the emission band on doping, the energy associated with recombination being independent of the dopant ion. © 1998 Kluwer Academic Publishers
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1615-6102
    Keywords: Bean internodes ; Oat leaves ; Rubbing ; Protoplasts ; Wounding
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary A simple new technique has been developed to greatly increase the yield of protoplasts from plant organs without injury to the plant. Mechanical perturbation (MP) by non-stressful rubbing of oat leaf segments and bean internodes yielded ten to twenty times more viable protoplasts than did controls. The increase in protoplast yield due to MP is best manifested, if the organs are excised and transferred to the cellulytic enzymes immediately after MP is given to the intact organ. The enzymes begin digesting from the lower end of the bean internodes and proceed acropetally. Vacuum infiltration of control oat leaf segments for 15 min with enzyme solution resulted in increased yield but less than due to MP. Increased levels of calcium (10 mM) in the medium decreased the yield of protoplasts from both control and MP-treated plant organs. EGTA significantly increased the yield of protoplasts from control oat leaf segments and marginally over that found in the control bean internodes. Cycloheximide increased the yield of protoplasts from oat leaf segments but not from bean internodes. It is suggested that MP may increase the susceptibility of cell wall polymers to cellulytic enzymes by reducing calcium cross linking. MP is thus a tool for increasing the yield of protoplasts from plant organs without causing injury.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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