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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 27 (1982), S. 369-384 
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 525-531 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Trichoptera ; Hydropsychidae ; Communities ; Distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary The dimensions of net meshes constructed by hydropsychid Trichoptera vary both within and between species. Despite these catchnet differences, the diets of most Hydropsychidae studied in Utah streams were statistically indistinguishable. There was no relationship between the size of available resources and catchnet construction among species assemblages inhabiting 10 different localities. A particle-size model of caddis communities, suggesting that taxa feed selectively on particle sizes corresponding to the dimension of catchnet meshes, is not supported by these data. Diatom concentration increased regularly with downstream passage in two different drainages. The identity and number of coexisting hydropsychid species and the size of their catchnets were strongly correlated with diatom concentration. Taxa with large catchnet mesh were the only residents at sites where diatom concentration was very low; as resource concentration increased downstream, species with successively smaller mesh joined the coexisting guild. Together, the broad dietary similarities and distributional pattern from Utah streams suggest that resource concentration, rather than particle size, is the basis of community organization among the hydropsychid Trichoptera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oecologia 71 (1987), S. 532-536 
    ISSN: 1432-1939
    Keywords: Trichoptera ; Filtering ; Catchnet ; Communities ; Resource gradient
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Empirical research suggests that net-spinning caddisflies require two basic resources, suspended particulate foods, and the currents which deliver them. I present a theoretical model of caddisfly communities based on quantitative differences in the capture rate produced by different catchnet designs. It assumes that catchnet architecture reflects a tradeoff between water filtration rate (flux through the net) and capture efficiency (the proportion of suspended items retained), and that the marginal resource concentration required by species with different catchnet morphologies should reflect the product of these parameters. The model hypothesizes a) that downstream changes in the physical morphology of the stream channel cause a shift in the relative importance of population limitations imposed by food and current-substrate availability, b) that the interaction of these physical changes with the filtering biota results in a seston resource gradient, and c) that the distribution of each taxon along this resource gradient reflects a marginal resource requirement determined by the functional morphology of its catchnet.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Hydrobiologia 79 (1981), S. 137-140 
    ISSN: 1573-5117
    Keywords: Microhabitat selection ; nearest-neighbors ; Trichoptera ; Hydropsychidae
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Sampling and statistical techniques are presented to identify nonrandom distributional patterns resulting from microhabitat selection by stream insects. The method is based on the frequency of conspecific combinations in a series of nearest-neighbor pairs. Its use is demonstrated with data from a Rocky Mountain caddisfly community.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 5 (1991), S. 88-92 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: Gene flow ; selection ; demes ; scale insects ; Nuculaspis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 4 (1990), S. 43-56 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: Scale insects ; demes ; allozyme variation ; F IS ; F ST ; herbivores ; pines
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Allelic frequencies and genotypic distributions in three polymorphic enzyme systems demonstrated genetic differentiation over extraordinarily short distances in a population of black pineleaf scale insects infesting ponderosa pine trees. A hierarchical analysis of the population genetic structure showed significant differences between demes on different twigs within individual host trees, between demes on neighboring trees, and between demes in pine plots on adjacent city blocks. Allelic frequencies at a malic enzyme locus were associated with deme-to-deme variation in ecological correlates of insect fitness, suggesting adaptive hypotheses about the causes of population subdivision.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 3 (1989), S. 253-263 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: Ploidy ; Nuculaspis californica ; scale insect demes ; sex ratio
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Black pineleaf scale insect populations are subdivided into genetically differentiated demes associated with individual pine trees. A comparison of sex ratios early and late in the life cycle demonstrated differences in the mortality experienced by haploid males and diploid females. Hatching ratios were significantly female-biased, and differential mortality increased this bias in ratios estimated just before adult male eclosion. The relative survival of males and females varied with overall mortality, causing a correlation between local densities and the surviving sex ratio. We suggest (a) that the genetic differentiation of scale demes results in part from selection pressures associated with individual pine trees, (b) that this differentiation entails an accumulation of locally adaptive traits within the scale subpopulation on each tree, (c) that expression of these adaptations in the haploid and diploid sexes may vary with their frequencies, and (d) that the surviving sex ratio thus offers a comparative measure of selection and the local adaptation achieved by the insects in individual demes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Evolutionary ecology 8 (1994), S. 489-492 
    ISSN: 1573-8477
    Keywords: population differentiation ; drift ; selection ; migration rate
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary Many empirical studies demonstrate some degree of genetic differentiation among populations of the same species. Understanding the relative importance of the processes causing this genetic differentiation has proven to be a difficult task. In particular, population differentiation can be influenced primarily by selection, genetic drift, and migration. We review the effect of drift and migration on patterns of genetic variation, with special reference to the conditions necessary for population differentiation. Conceptually, selection may be implicated in cases of population differentiation if the effect of drift and migration can be shown to be insufficient to cause the observed patterns. We examine some of the pitfalls of this approach when used with allozyme data, and revise a previous conclusion concerning the relative importance of selection in poulations of scale insects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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