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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Protein kinase C-θ (PKCθ): it's all about location, location, location (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Immunological reviews 192 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary: Much progress has been made in understanding the function of protein kinase C-θ (PKCθ) in the immune system since this Ca2+-independent PKC isotype was isolated in 1993 as an enzyme that is highly expressed in T lymphocytes and in muscle cells. Biochemical and genetic approaches revealed that, while dispensable for T-cell development, PKCθ is required for the activation of mature T cells and for interleukin (IL)-2 production. This deficiency results from impaired receptor-induced stimulation of the transcription factors AP-1 and NF-κB. PKCθ integrates T-cell receptor (TCR)/CD28 costimulatory signals, which are essential for productive T-cell activation and, most likely, for prevention of T-cell anergy. A unique property of PKCθ is its highly selective recruitment to the central supramolecular activation complex (cSMAC) region of the immunological synapse (IS) in antigen-stimulated T cells. Our work revealed that this highly selective localization is not entirely dependent on phospholipase C (PLC) activity and diacylglycerol (DAG) production. Instead, a novel signaling pathway that requires functional Vav1, phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3-K), the small GTPase Rac and actin cytoskeleton reorganization regulates the localization and, perhaps, activation of PKCθ. PKCθ also provides a survival signal, which protects T cells from apoptosis. Additional work is required to identify the immediate targets of PKCθ and its immune functions in vivo. This work is likely to validate PKCθ as an attractive drug target.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1600-065X.2003.00027.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Induction of Autoreactive T Lymphocytes by Allogeneic Effect Factor (AEF): Relevance to Normal Pathways of Lymphocyte Differentiation (1980)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 51 (1980), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1980.tb00315.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    T-Lymphocyte Activation: The Role of Protein Kinase C and the Bifurcating Inositol Phospholipid Signal Transduction Pathway (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Immunological reviews 95 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-065X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-065X.1987.tb00501.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PROTEIN KINASE Ctheta IN T CELL ACTIVATION (2002)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Immunology 20 (2002), S. 761-794 
    Details
    ISSN: 0732-0582
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The novel protein kinase C (PKC) isoform, PKCtheta, is selectively expressed in T lymphocytes and is a sine qua non for T cell antigen receptor (TCR)-triggered activation of mature T cells. Productive engagement of T cells by antigen-presenting cells (APCs) results in recruitment of PKCtheta to the T cell-APC contact area-the immunological synapse-where it interacts with several signaling molecules to induce activation signals essential for productive T cell activation and IL-2 production. The transcription factors NF-kappaB and AP-1 are the primary physiological targets of PKCtheta, and efficient activation of these transcription factors by PKCtheta requires integration of TCR and CD28 costimulatory signals. PKCtheta cooperates with the protein Ser/Thr phosphatase, calcineurin, in transducing signals leading to activation of JNK, NFAT, and the IL-2 gene. PKCtheta also promotes T cell cycle progression and regulates programmed T cell death. The exact mode of regulation and immediate downstream substrates of PKCtheta are still largely unknown. Identification of these molecules and determination of their mode of operation with respect to the function of PKCtheta will provide essential information on the mechanism of T cell activation. The selective expression of PKCtheta in T cells and its essential role in mature T cell activation establish it as an attractive drug target for immunosuppression in transplantation and autoimmune diseases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.immunol.20.100301.064807
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interleukin-2 Blocks Oligodendrocyte Progenitor Proliferation (1988)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 540 (1988), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1988.tb27087.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Promotion of hematopoietic stem cell differentiation in vitro by a soluble mediator, allogeneic effect factor (1980)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Supramolecular Structure 14 (1980), S. 383-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 0091-7419
    Keywords: bone marrow ; stem cell differentiation ; allogeneic effect factor ; Life Sciences ; Molecular Cell Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: This study was designed to investigate the effects of allogeneic effect factor (AEF), a soluble mediator derived from short-term mixed lymphocyte cultures (MLC) of in vitro alloantigen-primed T cells, on cultures of murine bone marrow cells. Cultures established under suboptimal conditions namely, in the absence of a pre-established adherent cell layer as required in conventional Dextertype cultures-declined and lost their stem cell activity rapidly. In contrast, supplementation of these cultures, at initiation and thereafter, with AEF, but not with T cell growth factor (TCGF), induced cell growth and proliferation for several weeks. Such AEF-supplemented cultures exhibited cellular heterogeneity and stem cell activity for significantly longer periods than the control cultures. Even in conventional Dexter cultures, established under optimal conditions, AEF had a beneficial effect on cellular growth and proliferation and myeloid progenitor cell (CFU-C) activity. Furthermore, cells capable of synergizing with suboptimal numbers of mature T cells in con A-induced mitogenic responses, shown by others to be pre-T cells, were detected in the AEF-supplemented cultures for several weeks.
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jss.400140311
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