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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Renal neoplasms, staging ; Renal carcinoma ; Nuclear grade ; Computed tomography
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The contrast-enhanced preoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans and microscopic slides of 94 patients with 100 surgically resected renal cell carcinomas (RCCs) were retrospectively and independently reviewed in order to correlate the CT imaging findings of RCC with nuclear grading. As nuclear grade increased, RCCs were more likely to be of higher stage and greater size at presentation, and appeared more heterogeneous and less marginated. Of the features analyzed, tumor margination most closely correlated with nuclear grade. Overlap in the CT appearance of individual tumors limited the potential of CT to differentiate RCCs of varying grade. Small, well-marginated, homogeneous tumors, however, were either grade I or II, and were distinguishable from the more aggressive grade III lesions, which generally displayed irregular margins and greater inhomogeneity.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-0509
    Keywords: Key words: Uterus, MR—Adenomyosis, leiomyoma—Fast imaging, HASTE, GRACE.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Background: To compare three rapid T2-weighted pulse sequences with high-resolution turbo spin-echo (SE) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging for the diagnosis of leiomyoma and adenomyosis. Methods: Eighteen patients referred for evaluation of suspected leiomyoma or adenomyosis underwent imaging at 1.5 T with a phased-array multicoil. Non-breath-hold, fat-saturated sagittal images of 4–7 mm, with equivalent voxel size, were obtained through the pelvis with the following three rapid pulse sequences: segmented, half-Fourier single shot turbo SE (HASTE), turboGRASE (TGSE) and turbo SE MR images. Mean acquisition times were 17 s (HASTE), 37 s (TGSE), and 42 s (turbo SE). These images were compared, in a blinded fashion, to high resolution turbo SE MR images, which are considered the ``standard'' for pelvic MRI. Results: The three rapid pulse sequences, HASTE, TGSE and turbo SE, provided equivalent diagnostic information when compared with high-resolution turbo SE MR images. There was no significant difference in image quality, detection and localization of leiomyoma or in diagnosis of adenomyosis among the three rapid sequences. HASTE imaging demonstrated the least ghosting. Conclusion: Diagnostic T2-weighted images of benign uterine pathology may be obtained in as little as 17 s.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1971
    Keywords: Cor triatriatum ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Phase display
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Magnetic resonance imaging utilizing spin echo sequences was used to demonstrate cor triatriatum in an 18-year-old boy. Phase map images aided the diagnosis by demonstrating the presence of slowly flowing blood in the accessory atrial chamber. Magnetic resonance is an excellent modality for the noninvasive diagnosis of cor triatriatum.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A 7-year-old male presented with a triple A syndrome, a tirad of ACTH insensitivity, achilasia and alacrima. His clinical course is followed and the literature reviewed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The aim of this study was to evaluate the usefulness of thinsection low-dose computed tomography (TSCT) in the management of children with AIDS, as chest radiographs (CXR) often fail to adequately explain the patients' clinical status. We performed 54 noncontrast TSCTs on 32 children. The patients, aged from 3 months to 14.6 years, were diagnosed as having bacterial pneumonia, lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP),Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP), orMycobacterium avium-intracellulare infection (MAI). The scans were correlated with the clinical diagnosis, T-lymphocyte-subset percentages, and p24-antigen levels. Subsegmental consolidations were seen in patients with LIP, PCP, and MAI, and as an isolated finding in those with only bacterial pneumonia. Ground-glass haziness was seen exclusively with acute PCP. Reticulonodular thickening was identified only in patients with LIP. Mosaic perfusion was seen with MAI, LIP, and pneumonia. The presence of adenopathy correlated with CD4+ T-cell-subset percentages. The greatest value of CT in this study was in detecting new disease when chest films failed to correlate with a patient's clinical state, and in demonstrating acute/subacute disease in patients with severe baseline chestfilm changes. Recurrent pneumonias may represent progression of “smoldering” disease, rather than true recurrent disease following complete clearing. Adenopathy with low CD4+ levels should suggest lymphoma or infection with MAI.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 19 (1988), S. 6-8 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A retrospective examination of brain tumors in infants less than a year of age was undertaken by reviewing their charts and CT scans. In contradistinction to brain tumors found in older children, most tumors were supratentorial in location. The most common histologic types included: astrocytoma, ganglioglioma and primative neuroectodermal tumors. Apart from their larger size at the time of presentation, these tumors were radiologically and pathologically similar to analogous tumors found in adults.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Thin-section, high-resolution (1.0/1.5 mm thick slices), low-dose chest CT scans were performed in 55 infants and children. The studies were carried out with 1-and 2-s scan (data acquisition) times using a high-resolution (bone) algorithm. Although there was some motion artifact, the studies provided valuable information for evaluating diffuse parenchymal lung disease. The thin slices provided finer detail and more diagnostic information than images representing thicker sections. Most studies were performed using between 40 and 80 mAs. It is estimated that the patients' radiation exposure was 20% that of conventional high-resolution CT (HRCT) and 57% that of routine chest CT. Diagnostic HRCT scans can be obtained in infants and young children without the need for suspended respiration or specialized ultrafast CT scanners.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Pediatric radiology 26 (1996), S. 502-507 
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective. To determine an injection protocol for pediatric hepatic CT and to investigate the use of power injection.Materials and methods. Eighty-seven studies were prospectively performed using ioversol (320 mg iodine per cc) at 2 cc/kg. Three techniques were used: helical (1 s/slice); dynamic, non-breath-hold (5.5 s/slice); dynamic, breath-hold (10 s/slice) scans. The liver-scan time for each study was determined. Scan initiation ranged from 25 to 80 s. An injection duration (50–100 seconds) was selected. From the contrast volume (2 cc/kg × kg body wt) and injection duration, the injection rate (cc/s) was calculated for each patient. Each study was grouped by injection rate corrected for body weight (cc/kg/min) into: 1.2–1.5, 1.51–2.0, and 2.01–2.4. The aortic/liver attenuation curves were plotted for each group.Results. Liver-scan time for helical studies was a mean of 26 s, for dynamic, non-breath-hold studies 75 s, dynamic breath-hold scans were 154 s. Injection rates of 1.2–1.5 cc/kg/min produced a scanning interval of 165 s. Injection rates of 1.51–2.0 cc/kg/min produced a scanning interval of 120 s. Injection rates of 2.01–2.4 cc/kg/min produced a scanning interval of 90 s. There was no increase in hepatic attenuation for the injection rates 2.01–2.4 cc/kg/min compared with 1.51–2.0 cc/kg/min. There was one complication related to injection through a central line.Conclusions. An injection protocol was determined for helical studies with injection rates of 1.7–2.0 cc/kg/min with initiation at 60 s; for dynamic, non-breath-hold studies with injection rates of 1.5–1.7 cc/kg/min with initiation at 50 s; and for dynamic breath-hold studies with injection rates of 1.2–1.5 cc/kg/min with initiation at 45 s. Power injection was used safely in our population.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 1432-1998
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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