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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Urinary excretion of hippuric acid and o-cresol after laboratory exposure of humans to toluene (1983)
    Springer
    International archives of occupational and environmental health 53 (1983), S. 101-108 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1246
    Keywords: Biological exposure test ; Exercise ; Gas chromatography ; Hippuric acid ; Humans ; Isotachophoresis ; Laboratory exposure ; o-Cresol ; Rest ; Toluene ; Urine
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The urinary excretion of hippuric acid and o-cresol was studied after respiratory exposure of human volunteers to approximately 80 ppm (306 mg/m3 ± SD 13) of toluene for 2 h under different work loads (0, 50,100, 150 W, respectively, during 30-min periods). The diet before and after exposure varied. An isotachophoresis method for the determination of hippuric acid is described. The correlation between the total urinary excretion, excretion rate and concentration of hippuric acid, and the respiratory uptake of toluene was poor or non-existing. The same was true for the excretion of o-cresol, which 4 h after exposure was concluded amounted to 0.03–0.26% of the toluene uptake. Thus, after a short-time exposure neither metabolite proved to be a reliable measure of individual toluene uptake at varying workloads or food intake in combination with low exposure levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00378422
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Leaching of nitrogen from a forest catchment at söder»sen in southern Sweden (1991)
    Springer
    Water, air & soil pollution 55 (1991), S. 263-282 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2932
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract Water balance and leaching of plant nutrients, with special reference to N, were described for a 46-ha catchment consisting mainly of coniferous forest (one third of it clear-cut) during the period January 1982-August 1988. The atmospheric N load in this region is high compared with most other parts of Scandinavia. On average, annual N leaching amounted to 9.5 kg ha−1 in the form of NO3-N (83%), org-N (15%) and NH4-N (2%). The highest monthly rate of N transport observed was 3.9 kg ha−1. The NO3-N levels in groundwater in the 60-yr-old coniferous stand ranged from 0.5 to 3.1 mg L−1. The effect of clear-cutting on groundwater-NO3-N levels lasted 4 yr. The highest annual NO3-N transport from the clear-cut area observed was 18 kg ha−1. The groundwater in the spruce forest was very acidic (pH=4.3) in contrast to the stream water (pH=6.3). The relatively higher pH-value of the stream water was probably a result of chemical and biological processes occurring in the highly humified, periodically waterlogged peat soil (alder swamp) in the vicinity of the small stream.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00211193
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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