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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gel growth of 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide organic crystals: X-ray and nonlinear optics characterization (1990)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 68 (1990), S. 8-13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: 3-methyl-4-nitropyridine-1-oxide is an organic material presenting high optical nonlinear behavior especially for second-harmonic generation. Single crystals are obtained by spontaneous nucleation and grown by slow cooling in tetramethoxysilane gel. Coupled phase-matched second-harmonic generation and x-ray topography experiments allow one to relate nonlinear optical performance to crystalline quality.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347075
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metal surface nitriding by laser induced plasma (1996)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 80 (1996), S. 4673-4684 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We study a nitriding technique of metals by means of laser induced plasma. The synthesized layers are composed of a nitrogen concentration gradient over several μm depth, and are expected to be useful for tribological applications with no adhesion problem. The nitriding method is tested on the synthesis of titanium nitride which is a well-known compound, obtained at present by many deposition and diffusion techniques. In the method of interest, a laser beam is focused on a titanium target in a nitrogen atmosphere, leading to the creation of a plasma over the metal surface. In order to understand the layer formation, it is necessary to characterize the plasma as well as the surface that it has been in contact with. Progressive nitrogen incorporation in the titanium lattice and TiN synthesis are studied by characterizing samples prepared with increasing laser shot number (100–4000). The role of the laser wavelength is also inspected by comparing layers obtained with two kinds of pulsed lasers: a transversal-excited-atmospheric-pressure–CO2 laser (λ=10.6 μm) and a XeCl excimer laser (λ=308 nm). Simulations of the target temperature rise under laser irradiation are performed, which evidence differences in the initial laser/material interaction (material heated thickness, heating time duration, etc.) depending on the laser features (wavelength and pulse time duration). Results from plasma characterization also point out that the plasma composition and propagation mode depend on the laser wavelength. Correlation of these results with those obtained from layer analyses shows at first the important role played by the plasma in the nitrogen incorporation. Its presence is necessary and allows N2 dissociation and a better energy coupling with the target. Second, it appears that the nitrogen diffusion governs the nitriding process. The study of the metal nitriding efficiency, depending on the laser used, allows us to explain the differences observed in the layer features as purity, thickness, and surface morphology. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.363451
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Near-infrared optical parametric oscillation in a N-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-prolinol molecular crystal (1992)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 61 (1992), S. 121-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Optical parametric oscillation has been achieved in a 1.9-mm-thick organic nonlinear optical crystal of NPP [N-(4-nitrophenyl)-L-prolinol]. Tunability from 0.9 to 1.7 μm is obtained for the first time in an organic crystal with a maximum total conversion efficiency of about 5%. Considerable possibilities for further optimization are available.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.108247
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nucleation in confined space: Application to the crystallization in gels
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Crystal Growth 92 (1988), S. 415-422 
    Details
    ISSN: 0022-0248
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Geosciences , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0022-0248(88)90026-7
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    3-D-electron microscopy configuration of TMOS wet silica gels prepared by the quick-freeze, deep-etching-rotary-replication technique (1992)
    Springer
    Colloid & polymer science 270 (1992), S. 584-589 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-1536
    Keywords: Silica aqueous gels ; ultra-rapid freezing ; network structure ; pore distribution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Silica gel provides a useful medium for crystal growth; solution growth is confined to pores left free by the polymer during its development. All growth steps depend on the gel structure, which is not completely known for crystal growth conditions. Therefore, a three-dimensional (3-D) visualization has been performed for two TMOS aqueous gels, which are rather fragile: the quick-freeze, deep-etching, rotary-replication method has been applied for sample preparation. An original surface labeling technique has been used for surface recognition. The results concern the distribution of macropores that are responsible for crystal nucleation; micropores whose total volume is larger have not been visualized due to the limits of the method. These results are discussed in comparison with previous data performed by light scattering.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00658289
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