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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of personal experience with mental illness on the attitude towards individuals suffering from mental disorders (1996)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 31 (1996), S. 321-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Based on the results of two population surveys conducted in Germany during 1990 and 1993, we examined to what extent personal experience with mental illness might influence attitudes towards the mentally ill. Respondents familiar with mental illness displayed prosocial reactions more frequently than those without any personal experience. They also tended to react less fearfully. There were only small differences, if any, as far as the tendency to respond with aggression was concerned. People with personal experience tended less to adopt an antipathetic and distancing attitude towards individuals suffering from mental disorders. Our results are all the more persuasive as we were able to demonstrate this relationship between personal experience with and attitude towards mental illness for two independent samples. There were indications that personal exposure to mental illness exerts a positive influence on a person's attitude towards the disorder and that our findings were not merely the results of possible selection effects, that is to say, that individuals with a more positive attitude towards the mentally ill would have been more inclined to stay in touch with the latter, therefore having greater experience with mental illness.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00783420
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mental disorder and violence: results of epidemiological studies in the era of de-institutionalization (1998)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 33 (1998), S. S1 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050203
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The psychiatric epidemiology of violent behaviour (1998)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 33 (1998), S. S13 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This paper reviews the current state of the debate on the relationship between mental disorder and violent behaviour. Starting from the discussion of methodological approaches to assessing a possible association, the most important studies carried out on the issue in recent years are discussed. Their results concur in supporting the assumption that there is a moderate but reliable association between mental disorder and violence. However, this does not imply that people with mental illness are generally more likely to commit violent acts than members of the general population. An elevated risk of violent behaviour is only evident for specific psychiatric diagnoses and symptom constellations. For schizophrenia and other psychotic disorders, a significant increase in the likelihood to commit violent acts is reported. Substance use disorders and antisocial personality disorder, however, represent a markedly higher risk for violent behaviour. The article further discusses possible determinants of violent behaviour such as psychotic symptoms and comorbidity with substance abuse and considers who is at particular risk of becoming a target of violent acts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050205
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lay beliefs about the causes of mental disorders: a new methodological approach (1996)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 31 (1996), S. 309-315 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract So far, researchers have, for the most part, used lists of Likert-scaled items in their quantitative analysis of lay beliefs about the causes of mental disorders. With the help of factor analyses they have then sought to identify the independent dimensions of the attitudinal space. In contrast, it is the aim of multiple unidimensional unfolding, which shall be presented in this paper, to establish a latent dimension of the order of preference regarding the causes offered as an explanation for the development of mental disorders. Using data from a representative survey examining the attitude of the general public of the new “Länder” of the Federal Republic of Germany towards mental disorders, which was conducted during 1993, it can be shown that 11 of the 15 causal factors offered may be arranged along an unfolding scale. The centre of the scale was characterized by the item “God's will or fate”. Psychosocial stress factors constituted one pole of the scaie, personality disorders, the other. In between we found both external and biological influences over which the afflicted individuals had no control. Analogies to the concept of locus of control are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00783418
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lay beliefs about mental disorders: a comparison between the western and the eastern parts of Germany (1999)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 34 (1999), S. 275-281 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Since the end of the Second World War the western and eastern parts of Germany have been exposed to very different social and cultural influences. It was our assumption that this should also be reflected in the beliefs about mental disorders held by the general public. Methods: In autumn 1990, immediately after German reunification, a representative survey on lay concepts of schizophrenia and depression was carried out in both parts of Germany. In all, 2118 personal, fully structured interviews resulted in the West, 980 in the East. Results: In general, there were more similarities than differences between West and East, particularly as concerns causal attributions (with psychosocial stress being most frequently seen as etiologically relevant) and treatment recommendations (with psychotherapy clearly favored over drug treatment). However, there were also some differences, most notably a stronger tendency in the West to define depressive behavior in psychiatric terms and to recommend established forms of psychiatric treatment for its management. Conclusions: Our assumption that the exposure to different cultural influences should have led to discrepant beliefs about mental disorders was only partly confirmed. Especially with regard to schizophrenia, the prevalence of the dominant stereotype hardly differed between West and East.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050144
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of diagnostic labelling on the lay theory regarding schizophrenic disorders (1996)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 31 (1996), S. 316-320 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract On the basis of a representative survey carried out in Germany in the Autumn of 1990, hypotheses about the effect of diagnostic labelling on lay beliefs regarding schizophrenic disorders were tested. As expected. labelling the disorder as schizophrenia increased the likelihood that biological factors were considered to be aetiologically relevant, while psychosocial stress, which most often was held responsible without labelling, was cited less frequently as a cause. Thus, labelling the disorder as schizophrenia can be assumed to cause lay-aetiological beliefs to more closely approximate theories predominant among psychiatric experts. In addition, both the sufferers themselves as well as their parents were less frequently held responsible for the onset of the disorder. However, with diagnostic labelling the treatment prognosis was assessed less favourably. In sum, our results do not furnish a definite argument either for or against the explicit diagnosing of schizophrenia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00783419
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Whom to ask for help in case of a mental disorder? Preferences of the lay public (1999)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 34 (1999), S. 202-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Background: Although socio-cultural factors have been recognised as an important predictor in shaping help-seeking behaviour, few attempts have been made in this regard to specify the nature and impact of socio-cultural factors such as attitudes and belief systems prevalent in society. Methods: We investigated the lay public's attitudes toward help-seeking regarding psychiatric disorders, and their determinants, in a cross-sectional national survey in Germany (n=1564), using structured interviews with vignettes depicting a person either suffering from depression or from schizophrenia. Two distinct methodological approaches (rating vs ranking) were applied. Results: Public opinion considers mental health professionals helpful in treating schizophrenia but not in the treatment of depression. For depression, public opinion clearly favours the lay support system and believes in involving the family physician if the former resource is exhausted. Determinants of help-seeking recommendations were problem definition, perception of the cause of distress and anticipated prognosis, as well as resentment against mental health professionals. Conclusion: Our results suggest that attitudes and belief systems prevalent in society have a major impact on help-seeking behaviour, both through transmission to the person suffering from mental distress via his/her social network and through the person's own attitudes formed in the process of socialization. Implications are pointed out for the daily work of mental health care providers, health care planning and public discussion of mental health issues.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s001270050134
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The causes of functional psychoses as seen by patients and their relatives (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 238 (1988), S. 55-61 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Functional psychoses ; Relatives' concepts of etiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The concepts of relatives of patients suffering from functional psychoses regarding the causes of the illness were investigated using the same methodological approach as with the patients. Relatives, like patients, favoured psychosocial over biological explanations. However, when compared pairwise the concordance between relatives and patients was very low. Some methodological refinements recommended for further research are proposed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381081
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Causes of functional psychoses as seen by patients and their relatives (1988)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 238 (1988), S. 47-54 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Functional psychoses ; Patients' concepts of aetiology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Patients' concepts of the causes of their functional psychoses were investigated by means of an open-ended question and a 30-item checklist. While patients, like professional experts, endorsed a multifactorial aetiological concept, they clearly favoured psychosocial explanations over biological ones. There was some variation according to diagnosis, with schizophrenic patients tending to attribute the development of their illness more often to esoteric influences or to their family environment and patients with affective psychoses assuming biological factors or psychosocial stress to be the cause of their illness. The aetiological concepts did not vary with the duration of illness. Our findings do not support the “psychological mindedness” hypothesis, which postulates that there is a greater inclination to adopt psychological explanations among women, younger people, the better educated or people from urban areas as compared with men, older people, the less educated or people from rural areas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00381080
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequential patterning of emotional interaction in families with a schizophrenic son (1983)
    Springer
    European archives of psychiatry and clinical neuroscience 233 (1983), S. 125-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-8491
    Keywords: Family interaction ; Schizophrenia ; Time-series analysis ; Institutional career
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In 30 families with a schizophrenic son conjoint family discussions which had been generated by Strodtbeck's “Revealed Differences Technique” were analyzed on the strength of the “Relationship-Scale” developed by Riskin and Faunce. All three members of the family triad (two parents and son) proved to be more hostile and rejecting than their parallels in a control group of families whose sons had been admitted because of an acute surgical condition. However, no significant difference could be ascertained in the sequential patterning of interaction assessed by means of time-series analysis. In both family groups Bernoulli processes predominated, i.e. there was no dependence between the sequentially recorded speech units. A 2-year follow-up of the schizophrenic patients showed a contradictory pattern of results. In families with re-hospitalized sons there was only a slight and statistically insignificant tendency towards more negative relationships but the sub-groups of families containing a schizophrenic son differed clearly on the level of sequential data; more families with re-hospitalized sons showed autoregressive (morphogenetic) or moving average (morphostatic) processes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00343433
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