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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BIASES ASSOCIATED WITH NON-LETHAL METHODS OF DETERMINING THE DIET OF NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEALS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00259.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    THE INFLUENCE OF CLIMATIC SEASONALITY ON THE LIFE CYCLE OF THE PRIBILOF NORTHERN FUR SEAL (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Weather conditions recorded from 1956 to 1986 on St. Paul Island, Alaska, were probed to establish their influence upon the northern fur seal's life cycle (Callorhinus ursinus). Air temperatures, wind speeds, and relative humidity levels were seasonally decomposed and compared with the timing of pupping and migration. Most pups are born in early July when air temperatures and relative humidity approach their highest annual levels and wind speeds are at their lowest. Weather conditions favor growth and survival of pups from July to September but are unfavorable in June. A rapid deterioration in weather through October and November corresponds with the fall migration of pups and lactating females. The data suggest the pivotal event in the fur seal's life cycle is the timing of birth and survival of nursing pups. As such, the ultimate determinant of the precisely timed fur seal life cycle appears to be climatic seasonality during the breeding season.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00485.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    BODY WEIGHT and GROWTH OF JUVENILE MALE NORTHERN FUR SEALS, CALLORHINUS URSINUS (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 10 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: A mark-recapture study conducted in 1987–1992 provided weight measurements of juvenile male northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) on St. Paul Island, Alaska, at ages ranging from approximately 1.5 mo to 5 yr. Males born in 1987 tended to weigh less at ages 3 and 4 yr than those born in other years. Weights of individuals at ages 2, 3, and 4 yr were significantly correlated with their weights as pups (P 〈 0.05). Weights at ages 2 and 3, 3 and 4, and 4 and 5 yr were significantly correlated (P 〈 0.001), although weight changes with age were highly variable. Data indicate that larger than average male pups born during 1987–1990 were more likely to survive, but this effect was less evident than among pups born during 1960–1965 when average pup weights were lower.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1994.tb00257.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    MORPHOMETRY, HEMATOLOGY, AND SERUM CHEMISTRY IN THE HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL (MONACHUS SCHAUINSLANDI) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 20 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: We studied morphometric, hematology, and serum chemistry variables in 140 Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) to establish normal baseline values for these variables among free-living seals. We compared seals at French Frigate Shoals (FFS), Midway Atoll (MID), and Pearl and Hermes Reef (PHR) because these subpopulations differ in their rates of population recovery. Dorsal standard length and axillary girth differed significantly between immature (1–4 yr old) and adult (≥5 yr old) seals among sex and island subgroups. Immature seals at FFS were shorter than those at MID and PHR; adult seals at FFS had smaller dorsal standard lengths and axillary girths compared to the other subpopulations. The differences in size were more pronounced among adult females. Significant differences were also found for hematology and serum chemistry variables among seals at FFS, MID, and PHR. Monk seals at FFS had an absolute lymphopenia and eosinopenia compared to those at MID and PHR, compatible with a stress response. Seals at FFS also had lower blood urea nitrogen than seals at PHR, and a lower plasma potassium than seals at MID or PHR. Monk seals had an absolute and relative eosinophilia compared to previously published values. Analysis of subpopulation differences is useful for population health assessment and for long-term monitoring of an endangered species.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2004.tb01196.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IMPROVED BODY CONDITION OF WEANED HAWAIIAN MONK SEAL PUPS ASSOCIATED WITH EL Niño EVENTS: POTENTIAL BENEFITS TO AN ENDANGERED SPECIES (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 19 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Efforts to enhance recovery of endangered Hawaiian monk seals (Monachus schauinslandi) require an understanding of factors influencing population dynamics. This study examines relationships between body condition and survival of monk seal pups at French Frigate Shoals and Laysan Island and El Niño events. Girth measurements and mass estimates were used as indicators of pup body condition, and survival was evaluated from weaning to age 2. Linear models and logistic regression analysis were used to evaluate El Niño effects. Temporal trends in mean girth, mass, and survival were identified at both study sites. After accounting for temporal trends, girths were 3.7 cm and 2.7 cm greater during El Niño years at French Frigate Shoals and Laysan Island, respectively. Average mass estimates were significantly greater during El Niño years at French Frigate Shoals (2.6 kg increase), but were not significantly different at Laysan Island (1.8 kg increase). Weaned pups born at French Frigate Shoals during El Niño years survived significantly better, but this effect was not detected at Laysan Island. El Niño events probably affect pup condition and survival, but these parameters need to be monitored during future El Niño events to clarify these relationships.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.2003.tb01323.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ASSESSING NORTHERN ELEPHANT SEAL FEEDING HABITS BY STOMACH LAVAGE (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Marine mammal science 3 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1748-7692
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Stomach lavaging was used to study the feeding habits of northern elephant seals (Mirounga angustirostris) found on San Miguel Island, California, during the spring of 1984. Fifty-nine elephant seals were chemically immobilized with an intramuscular injection of ketamine hydrochloride. Once immobilized, an animal's stomach was intubated, filled with 3–4 liters of water to create a slurry of the undigested food items, and evacuated into a collection device. The stomachs of 57 (96.6%) of the animals lavaged contained identifiable parts of prey. Twenty-nine different food items were identified, 12 of which have not been previously reported as prey of the northern elephant seal: two teleost fish, Coryphaenoides acrolepis (Pacific rattail) and another unidentified macrourid; two crustaceans, Pasiphaea pacifica (glass shrimp) and Euphausia sp.; six squid, Abraliopsis felis, Gonatus berryi, Histioteuthis dofleini, Cranchia scabra, Taonius pavo, and Galiteuthis sp. and two octopi, Octopus dofleini and Octopus rubescens.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-7692.1987.tb00318.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of HCHs, PCBs, and DDTs in brain tissues of marine mammals off different age (1994)
    Springer
    Fresenius' Zeitschrift für analytische Chemie 349 (1994), S. 708-716 
    Details
    ISSN: 1618-2650
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract The concentrations of a number of polychlorinated biphenyls and chlorinated pesticides in brain tissues of marine mammals of different age and regional origin were determined by using high-resolution capillary gas chromatography and electron capture detection. Brain tissues of two neonatal and three stillborn northern fur seals (Callorhinus ursinus) collected in the Bering Sea, Pacific Ocean, were examined. In addition, cerebrum, cerebellum, and hypothalamus of one adult female common dolphin (Delphinus delphis) stranded on the coast of Massachusetts, Atlantic Ocean, were examined. It showed clearly that α-HCH was dominant in all brain tissues (90–203 ng/g extractable lipids) compared with other tissues like liver or blubber (45–61 ng/g extractable lipids). This excess of α-HCH in brain tissue was due to only one enantiomer, (+)-α-HCH, whereas in other tissues both enantiomers contributed to the α-HCH concentration. Comparing the overall general xenobiotic burden, the HCH isomers (99–216 ng/g extractable lipids) resemble the PCB (17–105 ng/g extractable lipids) and DDT (111–171 ng/g extractable lipids) levels in brain tissues. The latter two groups exceed the HCHs in liver tissue and in blubber. On a single compound basis, the highest levels are found in brain for α-HCH (fur seal pups: 90–203 ng/g extractable lipids, adult dolphin: 221–305 ng/g extractable lipids), 2,2′,4,4′,5,5′-hexachlorobiphenyl (PCB153) (fur seal pups: 4–25 ng/g extractable lipids, adult dolphin: 260–377 ng/g extractable lipids) and 4,4′-DDE (fur seal pups: 104–164 ng/g extractable lipids, adult dolphin: 364–625 ng/g extractable lipids). The levels of α-HCH and 4,4′-DDE are comparable. No significant difference concerning the xenobiotic burden between neonatal and stillborn northern fur seals could be seen in contrast to the higher concentrations of the adult common dolphin. The patterns of some xenobiotics in the samples were compared with each other by using statistical methods like the similarity index and the principal component analysis (PCA).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00325644
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