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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of stimulation and blockade of dopamine receptor subtypes on the discriminative stimulus properties of cocaine (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 13-16 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Cocaine ; Dopamine ; Dopamine receptors ; Drug discrimination ; Drug stimuli ; Receptors ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The involvement of dopamine (DA) receptor subtypes in the behavioral effects of CNS stimulants was studied in rats trained to discriminate occaine from saline. In substitution tests, the stimulus effects of 10mg/kg of this substance generalized tod-amphetamine (0.25–1.0 mg/kg) and the selective D2 against LY-171555 (0.05–0.25 mg/kg); but not to the D1 agonist SKF-38393 (5.0–15.0 mg/kg); in combination tests, the D1 antagonist Sch-23390 (0.0625–0.5 mg/kg) significantly blocked, and the D2 antagonist spiperone (0.25–0.5 mg/kg) partially blocked the cocaine cue. These data suggest that the involvement of DA systems in the behavioral effects of cocaine is more complex than either D1 or D2 receptor activation; for example, the stimulus properties of this substance might involve both D1 and D2 receptor activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00634445
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Differentiation between the stimulus effects of (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide and lisuride using a three-choice, drug discrimination procedure (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 101 (1990), S. 13-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Drug discrimination ; LSD ; Lisuride ; Serotonin ; Three-choice discrimination
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The discriminative stimulus properties of (+)-lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) and lisuride hydrogen maleate (LHM), were compared in a three-choice, water reinforced (FR 20) situation in which rats were required to press one lever following LSD (0.08 mg/kg), a second lever following LHM (0.04 mg/kg), and a third lever following saline. Reliable drug-appropriate responding was established in 72 sessions. Dose-response tests with LSD and LHM indicated that, as dose increased, the per cent of responding on the lever associated with the particular training drug also increased; little or no cross-transfer occurred between LSD and LHM. In generalization tests, the serotonin (5-HT) agonist quipazine substituted for LSD but not LHM while the dopamine (DA) agonist apomorphine mimicked LHM but not LSD; an unrelated compound, pentylenetetrazol (PTZ), produced responding on the saline-appropriate lever. In combination tests, 5-HT antagonists (e.g., BC-105 and low doses of pirenperone) blocked responding on the LSD lever while DA antagonists (e.g., haloperidol and much higher doses of pirenperone) blocked LHM-appropriate responding. These data suggest that the three-lever (D-D-N) procedure is similar to, but can be more sensitive than the two-lever (D-N) procedure (because it can differentiate between LSD and LHM); they therefore at least partially support the hypothesis that three-choice discriminations can be conceptualized as two separate, two-choice (D-N) discriminations (Jarbe and Swedberg 1982). The results also confirm suggestion that the stimulus effects of LSD and LHM are mediated by different mechanisms; the primary action of LSD is serotonergic (5-HT2), while that of LHM is dopaminergic (White 1986).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245782
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of LSD on time-based schedules of reinforcement (1971)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 21 (1971), S. 174-186 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide (LSD) ; Variable Interval (VI) ; Timing Behavior ; Punishment ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The functional relationship between rate of bar-pressing and a wide range of dosages of LSD was studied under different conditions or schedules of reinforcement, i.e., variable-interval (VI), differential reinforcement of low rate (drl), and drl plus concurrent periods of punishment. In general, low doses (0.01–0.04 nig/kg of LSD) increased or facilitated responding as an inverse function of base line response rate and high doses (0.08–0.32 mg/kg) depressed behavior not already depressed by environmental contingencies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572275
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Alterations in the behavioral effects of LSD by pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine and α-methyl-p-tyrosine (1970)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 18 (1970), S. 387-406 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Lysergic Acid Diethylamide ; Para-Chlorophenylalanine ; Alpha-Methyl-Para-Tyrosine ; Operant Conditioning
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The bar-pressing behavior of hungry rats was maintained by a fixed-ratio schedule of food reinforcement. At 5 and 12 days after pretreatment with p-chlorophenylalanine (PCPA), a subtreshold dose (20 μg/kg) of lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) was found to disrupt this behavior. No such disruption occurred when PCPA pretreatment was followed by either a distracting external stimulus (tone) or a low dose of D-amphetamine (0.3 mg/kg). Sensitivity to LSD was apparently unaffected by pretreatment with α-methyl-p-tyrosine (AMPT).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00402765
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of pentazocine and other opiates on shock detection in the rat: Involvement of opiate and dopamine receptors (1980)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 67 (1980), S. 155-163 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Pentazocine ; Morphine ; Levorphanol ; Phenazocine ; Opiates ; Opiate receptors ; Dopamine ; (DA) receptors ; Antinociception ; Analgesia ; Discrimination ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The hypothesis that the antinociceptive effects of pentazocine, a mixed agonist-antagonist opiate of the benzomorphan class, are mediated by a dual opiate-dopaminergic mechanism was tested using a two-choice procedure in which rats were required to discriminate the presence or absence of shock. The results showed that pentazocine decreased shock sensitivity and speed of responding, effects that were qualitatively similar to those of morphine. However, while the antinociceptive effect of both pentazocine and morphine could be antagonized by opiate receptor blockade, that of pentazocine, but not of morphine, could also be antagonized by dopamine receptor blockade. Observations with levorphanol and phenazocine suggested further that dopamine, as well as opiate receptor agonism may be characteristic of the benzomorphans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431971
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of morphine and chloropromazine on the detection of shock (1978)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 58 (1978), S. 241-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Morphine ; Chlorpromazine ; Perception ; Discrimination ; Stimulus control ; Aversive control ; Shock ; Rats
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract A discrete-trial, two-choice, ‘yes-no’ procedure was used to determine the extent to which the perceptual effects of compounds such as morphine and chlorpromazine (CPZ) can be attributed to drug-induced changes in ability to detect shock stimuli (sensitivity). Both morphine (4.0, 5.0, and 6.0 mg/kg) and CPZ (0.25, 0.50, and 1.0 mg/kg) significantly reduced accuracy and increased the times (i.e., lowered the speeds) to initiate trials and to make choice responses. The effects of morphine appeared to be somewhat greater than those of CPZ, particularly at the lowest shock intensity (0.05 mA). When compared to appropriate saline control days, morphine, but not CPZ, significantly reduced accuracy of discrimination on trials when shocks were presented, whereas CPZ, but not morphine, reduced accuracy on no-shock trials. The effects of morphine, but not of CPZ, on accuracy (both overall and on shock trials) decreased as shock intensity increased. The effects of shock intensity were generally inversely related to the effects of morphine and directly related to the effects of CPZ.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427386
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effects of drugs on the discrimination of color following a variable delay period: A signal detection analysis (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 80 (1983), S. 24-28 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Color discrimination ; Signal detection analysis ; LSD ; Amphetamine ; Morphine ; Haloperidol ; Pigeon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Six pigeons were trained in a chamber with three response keys. Following an observing response on the center key, either colored or noncolored (white) lights were projected on that key. A second center key observing response provided an opportunity to respond on one of the side keys, appropriate to the stimuli presented, to obtain food; responding on the incorrect side produced a 30-s time-out. A delay period of varying duration with no stimuli followed stimulus presentation; the length of the delay was determined ‘on-line’, such that performance would be maintained at about 80% correct. Lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD, 0.04–0.2 mg/kg) had no significant effect on the accuracy of the discrimination (overall percent conrrect responses), even at doses that produced cessation of responding in some animals. Amphetamine (1–4 mg/kg) and morphine (0.5–4 mg/kg) decreased accuracy by decreasing sensitivity (A') and had little effect on reaction time. Haloperidol (0.5–2 mg/kg) had no significant effect on any measure of performance. None of the drugs altered response bias (B″).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427488
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    An analysis of some perceptual effects of morphine, chlorpromazine, and LSD (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 60 (1979), S. 125-130 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Discrimination ; Perception ; Morphine ; Chlorpromazine ; LSD
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Male albino rats were trained to detect either a pure tone or a weak footshock embedded in white noise by utilizing a discrete-trial two-choice, successive discrimination procedure. The effects of morphine, chlorpromazine (CPZ), and lysergic acid diethylamide (LSD) were then analyzed on several measures of performance. Morphine (2.5–10 mg/kg) produced a nonspecific decrease in accuracy of discrimination on trials when the stimulus was presented as well as on trials when no stimulus occurred. Morphine was also followed by dose-dependent decreases in speed to initiate trials and by increases in intersubject variability. CPZ (1.0–4.0 mg/kg) caused a decrease in accuracy only on no-stimulus trials and, like morphine, decreased speed to initiate trials. LSD (0.04–0.16 mg/kg) decreased overall accuracy in a nonspecific manner (i.e., when shock and tone discriminations were considered together) and decreased speed by producing periods of nonresponding.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432282
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug effects on the performance of pigeons under a negative automaintenance schedule (1979)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 60 (1979), S. 207-210 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: d-Amphetamine ; Atropine ; Diazepam ; Morphine ; Negative automaintenance ; Automaintenance ; Respondent conditioning ; Key pecking ; Pigeons
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Pigeons were exposed to a negative automaintenance schedule in which food was delivered following brief key illumination only if the illuminated key was not contacted; contact of the lighted key prevented food delivery. All subjects emitted some responses under this procedure when drugs were not given. However, the number of responses was less than that which occurred under an automaintenance procedure in which food followed key illumination regardless of the bird's behavior. Under the negative automaintenance procedure, acute administration of atropine (0.01–0.1 mg/kg), d-amphetamine (0.4–1.6 mg/kg), and morphine (3.8–15 mg/kg) reduced in a dose-dependent manner the percentage of key illuminations in which subjects contacted the lighted key. Diazepam (1.0–6.0 mg/kg) increased the percentage of key illuminations during which contact responses occurred.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00432295
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Antagonism of a behavioral effect of LSD and lisuride in the cat (1983)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 80 (1983), S. 83-84 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: LSD ; Lisuride ; Limb flicks ; Hallucinogens
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract These experiments investigated the role of serotonin (5-HT) and dopamine (DA) receptors in the limb-flick (LF) response elicited by the hallucinogenic ergot LSD and its nonhallucinogenic structural congener lisuride. Pretreatment with either the 5-HT antagonist pizotifen (BC-105) or the DA antagonist haloperidol significantly attenuated LF elicited by either LSD or lisuride. Thus, the LF model failed to differentiate the neuropharmacological actions of LSD and lisuride. Cocaine also prevented LSD- and lisuride-elicited LF simply by reducing the activity of cats (response competition) suggesting the need for caution in interpreting ‘antagonism’ of the LF response.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00427501
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