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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Late presentation of congenital muscular torticollis: A non-dystonic cause of torticollis (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of neurology 243 (1996), S. 354-356 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1459
    Keywords: Congenital muscular torticollis ; Magnetic resonance imaging ; Surgery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We describe three patients with a late presentation of congenital muscular torticollis to emphazise that this non-dystonic type of torticollis has to be considered in the differential diagnosis of cervical dystonia, even in adult patients. Surgery is the treatment of choice. Postoperatively, two of our patients had a transient lesion of the accessory nerve. We assume that in our patients the accessory nerve was embedded in the fibrous tissue around the affected muscle. To prevent damage to the accessory nerve, the incision has to be made distally at about 1 cm above the clavicle.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00868411
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Retrograde tracing studies of subdivisions of the orbicularis oculi muscle in the rhesus monkey (1998)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 121 (1998), S. 433-441 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Key words Motor facial nucleus ; Intermediate subnucleus ; Orbicularis oculi muscle ; Pretarsal portion ; Retrograde neuronal labelling ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  Functionally and anatomically, the orbicularis oculi (OO) muscle can be subdivided in a pretarsal, a preseptal, and an orbital portion. In the rhesus monkey, fluorescent and neuronal retrograde tracing experiments were performed in the pretarsal or the orbital portion of the OO muscle, or both, using fast blue, diamidino yellow, and wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase as tracers. The preseptal portion was not investigated because of close anatomical relationships to the other portions. It was found that motoneurons innervating the OO muscle are located exclusively within the intermediate subnucleus of the motor facial nucleus. The upper pretarsal motoneurons show a specific distribution in the dorso-rostral border area of the intermediate subnucleus, representing a dome-like organization, while lower pretarsal motoneurons are situated more ventrally in the adjacent area. The pretarsal motoneurons are all located dorsally in the rostral half and the upper part of the caudal half of the intermediate subnucleus. The upper pretarsal portion is subserved by about one third of the total intermediate motoneuron population. The size of the upper pretarsal motoneurons is similar to that of the motoneurons of the lower pretarsal portion of the OO muscle and falls, for the vast majority, into the large motoneuronal range. Motoneurons belonging to the upper and lower orbital portions are located ventrally and are more randomly distributed in the rostral half of the intermediate subnucleus. The size of orbital motoneurons varies from small to large. The large fraction of pretarsal motoneurons may reflect the specific function of the upper pretarsal portion during rapid and highly coordinated movements of the eyelids in different types of blinking.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002210050478
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A retrograde double fluorescent tracing study of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle in the cynomolgus monkey (1997)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 113 (1997), S. 174-179 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Central caudal nucleus of third nerve ; Ganglion of Gasser ; Levator palpebrae superioris muscle ; Double neuronal fluorescent labeling ; Monkey
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In the cynomolgus monkey, motoneurons innervating the levator palpebrae superioris muscle form a nucleus within the oculomotor nuclei called the central caudal nucleus. After double fluorescent neuronal retrograde tracing experiments, using fast blue and diamidino yellow as tracers in the levator palpebrae superior muscles, labelled motoneurons (30%) were found in an unpaired central caudal nucleus. Approximately 2% of the labelled motoneurons were double-labelled. The labelled and double-labelled neurons were distributed randomly over the central caudal nucleus, lateralization of populations of levator motoneurons within this nucleus was not observed. The afferent innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle was restricted to the ophthalmic branch area of the gasserian ganglion. Primary afferent labelled neurons were absent from mesencephalic nucleus of the fifth nerve. Surprisingly, fast blue was also found in the ophthalmic branch area of the contralateral ganglion of Gasser, while diamidino yellow was present only ipsilaterally. About 1% of the afferent labelled neurons were double-labelled. The results reveal that in the cynomolgus monkey the central caudal nucleus is not only topographically but also functionally one nucleus. Afferent innervation of the levator palpebrae superioris muscle is probably bilaterally organized.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02454155
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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