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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Induction of Apoptosis by Equine Arteritis Virus Infection (2000)
    Springer
    Virus genes 20 (2000), S. 143-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: equine arteritis virus ; cell infection ; apoptosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Equine arteritis virus (EAV) is the etiological agent of equine viral arteritis, a contagious viral disease of equids. EAV is the prototype virus of the arteriviruses, a group of small enveloped viruses with positive single-stranded RNA genomes. Because apoptosis or programmed cell death is believed to play an important role in the biogenesis of several cytopathogenic viruses, we examined whether EAV was able to induce cell apoptosis in vitro. To do this, Vero cells were infected with EAV at a multiplicity of infection of 0.1 tissue culture infectious dose (TCID50) per cell, and analyzed at various time intervals for the appearance of apoptotic signs. Fragmentation of chromosomal DNA into nucleosomal oligomers and caspase activation were observed in the infected cells at the time (e.g. 24 h postinfection) where a noticeable cytopathic effect was observed. The kinetics of the DNA fragmentation correlated with that of the production of progeny virus, so that viral multiplication was not interrupted by the apoptotic cell damage. All these data provide evidence that EAV is able to induce apoptotic cell death in vitro.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1008122715387
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of nucleic and amino acid sequences and phylogenetic analysis of the GS protein of various equine arteritis virus isolates (1996)
    Springer
    Virus genes 13 (1996), S. 87-91 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: equine arteritis virus ; GS protein ; genetic variation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The genetic variation in equine arteritis virus (EAV) GS protein encoding gene was investigated. Nucleic and deduced amino acid sequences from eight different EAV isolates (one European, two American and five Canadian isolates) were compared with those of the Bucyrus reference strain. Nucleotide and amino acid sequence identities between these isolates and the Bucyrus reference strain ranged from 92.3 to 96.4%, and 93.2 to 95.5%, respectively. However, phylogenetic tree analysis and estimation of genetic distances based on the GS protein encoding gene sequences showed that the European prototype Vienna strain, the American 87AR-A1 isolate and all other North American EAV isolates could be classified into three genetically divergent groups. Our results showed that the GS protein-encoding gene can be subjected on the basis of phylogenetic analysis to genetic variation, as previously shown for the other three EAV structural protein (M, N and GL)-encoding genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00576983
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sequence determination of the extreme 5′ end of equine arteritis virus leader region (1996)
    Springer
    Virus genes 12 (1996), S. 291-295 
    Details
    ISSN: 1572-994X
    Keywords: equine arteritis virus ; 5′ terminus ; intraleader ORF
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The extreme 5′ end of the leader sequence of four equine arteritis virus (EAV) strains was obtained by using rapid amplification of cDNA end method (5′ RACE), and sequenced. Seventeen more nucleotides were added upstream of the 5′ end of the EAV published genomic sequence. A common feature among the analyzed EAV isolates was the presence of an AUG start codon within the added sequence and the appearance of an intraleader open reading frame (ORF) of 111 nucleotides which was predicted to encode a peptide of 37 amino acids. The role of this putative intraleader ORF has yet to be determined.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00284650
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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