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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Natural stimulation of group I activated cells in the cerebral cortex of the awake cat (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1973), S. 247-254 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Sensory cortex ; Cat ; Spindle input
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 27 cells in the S I group I projection area of the cerebral cortex, identified as activated by group I afferent fibres by electrical stimulation of the deep radial nerve, were examined by natural stimulation in 4 awake cats. Sixty-four percent of the cells responded to wrist and/or digital ventroflexion only. Another 28% of the cells responded also to elbow flexion or extension. Only one cell responded to stretch of antagonistic muscles. Half of the cells responded to pulling of only one out of four available muscle tendons of wrist and digital dorsiflexors. The rest of the cells responded to pulling of two adjacent tendons. All cells tested responded to light tapping stimulation of skin areas overlying the muscles providing excitation, presumably as a result of mechanical stimulus spread to sensitive muscle spindles. 20% of the cells responded to deflection of hairs located on the paw. The receptive fields obtained were compared with those obtained in the cortex and at lower levels of the pathway with electrical nerve stimulation on nembutalized animals.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00233329
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characteristics of projections from the nucleus ventralis lateralis to the motor cortex in the cats: An anatomical and physiological study (1974)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 20 (1974), S. 315-330 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Motor cortex ; Nucleus VL ; Thalamic projection ; PT cell
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The properties of neurons in the nucleus ventralis lateralis (VL) of thalamus were examined by anatomical and electrophysiological methods and the following results were obtained: 1. There were two types of projection fibers from VL to the motor cortex. One type projected to a limited area of the cortex, the other arborized extensively and projected to a wide area of the cortex. 2. The widely arborizing projection fibers, i.e., wide projection fibers, showed a special terminal bush which was different from that of the specific projection fibers of VPL and spread as widely as 1.0 mm2 within the III layer of the motor cortex. 3. Neither narrow nor wide projection fibers carried specific information from the periphery but rather diffuse information arising from deep structures such as joints and periosts. 4. Both types of projection fibers branched somewhere in the white substance and projected to different areas of the motor cortex. 5. The chronaxie of these fibers was about the same as that of PT cells but considerably longer than spinal interneurons. The excitability of these fibers was lower than that of PT cells indicating that weak intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) does not excite these fibers. 6. The possible functional role of wide projection fibers was discussed in relation to the cortical efferent zones.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00237378
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spread of mono- and polysynaptic connections within cat's motor cortex (1973)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 16 (1973), S. 507-520 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Synapse ; Motor cortex ; Microstimulation ; Cat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary 1. Spread of synaptic effects within the gray substance of the motor cortex was examined in cats by delivering intracortical microstimulation (ICMS) through a tungsten electrode and recording postsynaptic potentials (p.s.p.'s) intracellularly from neighbouring cells. 2. ICMS of 4 μa within layer I did not produce any p.s.p.'s in the surrounding neurons. 3. ICMS of 4 μa at layers II, III and IV produced monosynaptic p.s.p.'s only in adjacent neurons. Their horizontal and vertical spread was limited to within 0.5 mm of the stimulating site. Ascending spread from the stimulating sites was not observed in these layers. 4. Polysynaptic effects from layers II, III and IV were found at a distance up to 1.0 mm from the stimulating site both in horizontal and vertical directions. Inhibitory spread was wider than excitatory. 5. ICMS of 4 μa in the deep layers (V and VI) produced both mono and poly synaptic activation of cells in these same layers as well as in the superficial layers (II–III). The effects of ICMS were mixed, but were predominantly inhibitory. 6. The possible synaptic organization within the cortex is discussed and it is concluded that these neuronal connections as a whole constitute a columnar organization within the cortex with feedback circuits built into the system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00234477
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A New Designing Concept for Multifunctional Structural Material Systems Based on Composites (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Advances in science and technology Vol. 54 (Sept. 2008), p. 158-167 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-0356
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General , Technology
    Notes: A new designing concept to realize multifunctional structural material systems is proposedand demonstrated in this paper. The concept can be explained as follow: There exist a couple ofcompetitive structural materials which normally compete with each other because of their similar andhigh mechanical properties, and they tend to have secondary properties which are different from eachother or opposite among them. So if they are combined together to make a composite, the similarproperties, normally high mechanical property, can be maintained, and the other dissimilar propertiesconflict with each other, which will generate functional properties. According to the proposed concept,a CFRP (carbon fiber reinforced plastics)/aluminum laminate was fabricated and its actuationcapabilities and multifunctionality were successfully demonstrated. A titanium fiber/aluminummatrix composite was also fabricated, where the fiber was oxidized for electrical insulation andstrengthening. This material system is very simple, but it can generate many useful functions such asheating, actuation, temperature sensing, deformation sensing and healing
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/01/42/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FAST.54.158.pdf
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Properties of Boron Fiber Reinforced Aluminum Matrix Composites Fabricated by Pulsed Current Hot Pressing (PCHP) (2007)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Materials science forum Vol. 539-543 (Mar. 2007), p. 3139-3144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9752
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Boron-fiber-reinforced Al-matrix composite was fabricated by a pulsed current hotpressing (PCHP) process at a pressure of 32MPa for 600s. It was found that the boron fiber andthe Al-matrix were well bonded when the PCHP process was performed at a holding temperature of773K. No interfacial reaction layer was observed along the interface between the boron fiber andthe matrix when PCHP was done at 773K for 600s. Tensile deformation carried out at roomtemperature for the composite showed that the tensile yield stress increased with increasing volumefraction of the boron fiber in the composite. The composite with 17.2 vol.% of boron fiberpresented a tensile yield stress of 600MPa. This value was about 90% the yield stress estimated bya force equilibrium equation of a composite taking into account the direction of fiber axis
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/15/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FMSF.539-543.3139.pdf
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Inflammatory pseudotumor of the bladder in neonates (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Inflammatorypseudotumors of the bladder are rare in children. We describe a 7-day-old male neonate with inflammatory pseudotumor of the bladder. He presented with a 3-day history of macroscopic hematuria. Ultrasonography, computed tomography and cystoscopy showed an intravesical mass arising from the right lateral wall. Pathologic findings obtained by open excision revealed that the tumor had spindle-shaped cells without significant atypia infiltrating into submucosal fibrous tissue. There has been no evidence of recurrent tumor 12 months post-operatively. To our knowledge our case is the first presentation in a neonate among the reported pediatric cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00223.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Congenital vesicovaginal fistula (2000)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 7 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Congenital vesicovaginal fistula is a very rare entity, the etiology of which has not been clearly elucidated because pathologic features have not been mentioned in previous reports. The case of a 4-year-old girl having incontinence resulting from a congenital vesicovaginal fistula joining with the left ectopic ureter from the hypoplastic kidney is described. This is thought to be the first presentation of congenital vesicovaginal fistula joining with ectopic ureter. A microscopic examination revealed the fistula consisting of transitional cell epithelium, suggesting an abnormal fusion of the ureteral bud and caudal end of the müllerian duct with the urogenital sinus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.2000.00164.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transitional cell carcinoma of ureteral stump after radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma (1999)
    Melbourne, Australia : Blackwell Science Pty
    International journal of urology 6 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1442-2042
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 68-year-old male presented with microscopic hematuria during a routine checkup after undergoing a radical nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma. Retrograde ureterography demonstrated a ureteral stump tumor. The ureteral stump was completely resected with a bladder cuff and histologic diagnosis was grade 2 to 3 transitional cell carcinoma of the ureteral stump. He is doing well and has been tumor-free for 2 years. The ureteral stump must be correctly evaluated using retrograde ureterography in any patient with a prior history of bladder cancer. Even if a patient had no history of ureterial cancer, whenever hematuria is present in the follow-up period after nephrectomy for renal cell carcinoma, a retrograde pyelogram should be performed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1442-2042.1999.00117.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Input-output organization of the rat vibrissal motor cortex (1994)
    Springer
    Experimental brain research 99 (1994), S. 223-232 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1106
    Keywords: Functional map ; Orientation behavior ; Descending pathways ; Corticocortical connections ; Tract-tracing methods ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The afferent and efferent connections of the vibrissal area of the rat motor cortex (VMCx) were investigated by injecting Phaseolus vulgaris leucoagglutinin (PHA-L) or wheat germ agglutinin-horseradish peroxidase into the physiologically defined VMCx. The VMCx formed reciprocal connections with the primary and secondary somatosensory cortex, lateral and ventrolateral orbital cortex, retrosplenial cortex, and perirhinal cortex. These corticocortical afferents originated from cell bodies in layers II–III and V, and some afferents originated from cell bodies in layer VI of the primary sensory cortex. All of the VMCx efferents terminated in layers I and V or layers I–III and V. The VMCx also formed reciprocal connections with the ventrolateral, ventromedial and centrolateral nucleus, the lateral portion of the mediodorsal nucleus and the posterior complex of the thalamus. It projected bilaterally to the caudate putamen, primarily ipsilaterally to the superior colliculus, anterior pretectal nucleus, and pontine nucleus, and mainly contralaterally to the oral part of the spinotrigeminal nucleus and the reticular formation around the facial nerve nucleus. Finally, injections of PHA-L into the superior colliculus demonstrated that this structure projected contralaterally to the lateral part of the facial nerve nucleus. These data suggest that the VMCx plays a key role in sensorimotor integration, through its extensive interconnectivity with numerous brain structures, and may modulate orientation behaviors by relaying processed information to the superior colliculus.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239589
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic Treatment with FK506 Increases p70 S6 Kinase Activity Associated with Reduced Nitric Oxide Synthase Activity in Rabbit Hearts (2000)
    Springer
    Cardiovascular drugs and therapy 14 (2000), S. 329-336 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7241
    Keywords: FK506 ; nitric oxide synthase ; p70 S6 kinase ; hypertrophy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract FK506, an immunosuppressant, modulates phosphorylation of nitric oxide (NO) synthase, and induces cardiac hypertrophy in clinical settings. Having recently reported that chronic treatment with an inhibitor of NO synthase induces cardiac hypertrophy associated with the activation of 70-kD S6 kinase (p70S6K), which plays an important role in cardiac hypertrophy by regulating protein synthesis, we investigated the effects of chronic administration of FK506 on NO synthase and p70S6K activities in hearts. Twenty rabbits were divided into four groups: untreated rabbits, those treated with low-dose FK506 (0.10 mg/kg), those treated with medium-dose FK506 (0.20 mg/kg), and those treated with high-dose FK506 (0.40 mg/kg). FK506 was administered intravenously twice a day. After 4 weeks of treatment with FK506, calcium-dependent NO synthase activity in myocardium in the high-dose FK506 group was lower (P 〈 0.05) than in the untreated group. p70S6K activity in myocardium in the high-dose group was higher (P 〈 0.05) than in the untreated group. There was a significant (P 〈 0.05) inverse correlation between NO synthase and p70S6K activities in myocardium. However, the endothelial-dependent vasodilation of aortic rings or plasma levels of NO metabolites during experimental protocols did not differ among the groups studied. These findings suggest that chronic treatment of FK506 activates p70S6K and reduces NO synthase activity in rabbit hearts. Reduced NO synthase and/or activated p70S6K activities in hearts might contribute to the cardiac hypertrophy observed in some patients receiving FK506.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1007890827297
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