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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 142 (1984), S. 235-235 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 149 (1990), S. 293-294 
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Shigellosis ; Convulsions ; Prognosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We examined the long-term outcome in 111 children who had convulsions during shigellosis and were followed for 3–18 years after the incident. No deaths or persistent motor deficits occurred as sequellae. Poor coordination of fine hand movements were noted in 3.3% of the 92 children who had no pre-existing neurological abnormality. Only 1 child developed epilepsy by the age of 8 years. Of the children 15.7% had recurrent febrile seizures. The only risk factor identified for febrile seizures following convulsions in shigellosis was a previous history (P〈0.01). These observations suggest that convulsions in shigellosis have a favourable prognosis, and do not necessitate long-term follow up.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Neonatal polycythaemia ; Partial dilutional exchange transfusion ; Human albumin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Haematocrit (HCT) and viscosity of whole blood were measured in ten polycythaemic hyperviscous newborn infants both before and after dilutional partial exchange transfusion with 5% albumin. This was performed in order to evaluate the effect on the lowering of HCT and whole blood viscosity. Mean umbilical HCT values decreased from 68.7% before, to 54.4% post transfusion. This decrease in HCT and viscosity was highly significant (P〈0.001). Safety and lack of complications make human albumin solution superior to human plasma for exchange transfusion in neonatal polycythaemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Medicine 44 (1993), S. 11-18 
    ISSN: 0066-4219
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 4 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Asthmatic attacks continue to be a major cause of referral to the emergency room (ER), despite currently available effective treatments. We have prospectively evaluated 100 consecutive children who were referred to the ER with acute asthma and were followed by their primary physicians. Only 46% were able to recognize acute attacks, and 26% had the knowledge and skills for self-management. The prophylactic therapy recommended was usually appropriate, but the compliance was poor and mean serum theophylline levels (STL) was 6. 8 μg/ml, with subtherapeutic values (〈10 μg/ml) in 44 (88%). We studied an additional group of 50 consecutive children who were on a routine follow-up in the hospital asthma clinic. All were examined periodically and were instructed on the disease. The compliance of these children was much better and STL were within the therapeutic range in 73%, significantly higher than in the ER patients (p 〈 0.001). Their need for ER treatment or hospitalization was much lower than the former group. Poor compliance is a major factor causing referral of asthmatic children to ER, and careful education can improve patient compliance with reduced referral and subsequent hospitalization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 0264-410X
    Keywords: EcSf2a-2 hybrid vaccine ; Oral immunization ; Shigella flexneri
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    ISSN: 0264-410X
    Keywords: Poliovaccine ; antibodies ; immunity ; poliomyelitis
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 6 (1995), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A 13-year-old boy with hyperimmunoglobulin E (hyper-IgE) syndrome presented with headache, blurred vision, photophtobia and bilateral papilledema due to cryptococcal meningitis. Treatment with amphotericin B, and S-fluorocytosine for several weeks and repeated lumbar punctures did not reduce the intracranial pressure, and a myeloperitoneal shunt was performed. The child was maintained on fluconazole for an additional six months. Patients with hyper-IgE syndrome are at increased risk of opportunistic fungal infections such as cryptococcal meningitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    FEMS immunology and medical microbiology 18 (1997), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1574-695X
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: To investigate the potential direct nephrotoxicity of Shiga toxin, a putative mediator for hemolytic uremic syndrome, purified toxin (10−11 M) was added to isolated rat kidneys perfused for 160 min with a Krebs-Henseleit acellular medium enriched with albumin and amino acids. Kidney function and morphology were examined after perfusion with the Shiga toxin vs controls. Shiga toxin did not significantly alter renal perfusion flow, glomerular filtration rate, or tubular sodium reabsorption, but it significantly increased urinary protein excretion (from 61±23 to 169±28 μg/min, P〈0.01). On renal morphologic study, Shiga toxin did not induce gross glomerular damage but increased markedly the injury to the medullary thick ascending limbs. In conclusion, Shiga toxin is toxic to rat kidneys ex vivo and in the absence of platelets. Renal damage is manifested by proteinuria and medullary tubular injury. The distribution of this injury suggests a possible synergism between local medullary hypoxia and the toxic tubular or endothelial effects of the toxin. These effects may play a pathogenic role in the tubulo-interstitial injury observed in hemolytic uremic syndrome associated with severe renal failure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1439-0973
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Die orale antimikrobielle Behandlung von Patienten mit Durchfällen, die durch enterohämorrhagische Stäme vonEscherichia coli (EHEC), zum Beispiel O157:H7, verursacht werden, ist ein möglicher Risikofaktor für die Entwicklung eines hämalytisch-urämischen Syndroms. Es wird vermutet, daß der Grund hierfür in einer gesteigerten Produktion oder Sekretion von Vero- oder Shiga-like-Toxinen liegt, als Teil einer durch die Antibiotika hervorgerufenen Streßreaktion der Bakterien. Das Ziel dieserIn-vitro-Studie war es, Erhöhungen von extrazellulären Toxinkonzentrationen zu messen nachdem EHEC mit einer Diffusionsmethode wechselnden Konzentrationen von Antibiotika ausgesetzt worden waren. Die Antibiotikakonzentrationen wurden mit der jeweils höchstmöglichen subletalen Konzentration begonnen, die dann stetig abnahm und den Bakterien eine Erholungsphase gestattete. Fünf EHEC- Stämme wurden auf diese Weise Ciprofloxacin, Co-trimoxazol, Cefixim und Tetracyclin ausgesetzt. Zwischen den verschiedenen Stämmen und Antibiotika fanden sich signifikante Unterschiede in den durch die Antibiotika hervorgerufenen Erhöhungen extrazellulärer Toxinkonzentrationen mit p〈0,001 für beide Parameter. Ciprofloxacin verursachte die größten Steigerungen von 169 bis 436%, gefolgt von Co-trimoxazol, Cefixim und Tetracyclin. Diese Assoziation von erhöhten Konzentrationen von Vero- und Shiga-like-Toxinen und der Einwirkung von Antibiotika auf verschiedene Keime muß in Zukunft in Studien über die Risikofaktoren, die zur Entwicklung des hämolytischurämischen Syndroms beitragen, berücksichtigt werden.
    Notes: Summary Patients with diarrhea due to strains of enterohemorrhagicEscherichia coli (EHEC) (e. g. O157:H7) might be at a higher risk of developing hemolytic uremic syndrome when treated with antimicrobial agents. It has been suggested that this might be due to an increase of release or production of vero or shiga-like toxin from such organisms, possibly as a stress response to antimicrobial agents. The aim of this study was to detect such increases in extracellular toxinin vitro with a newly developed method that exposed EHEC to high sublethal concentrations followed by a recovery phase at progressively lower concentrations. Five strains of EHEC were exposed to continuously changing concentrations of ciprofloxacin, co-trimoxazole, cefixime and tetracycline. The amount of free shiga-like toxin I (SLT-I) released was compared to the amount released from inocula that were not exposed to antibiotics. There were significant differences between the five EHEC strains in the amount of toxin detected after exposure to antimicrobial agents (p〈0.001). Equally important was the type of antibiotic (p〈0.001), with ciprofloxacin inducing the largest increase ranging from 169 to 436%, followed by co-trimoxazole, cefixime and tetracycline. In addition, the increases in free toxin correlated with the concentration of the antibiotics (p〈0.001). The association between antibiotic-induced increases in SLT-I produced by strains of EHEC and certain classes of antibiotics might influence the analysis of future epidemiological studies on risk factors for HUS.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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