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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Molecular and cellular biochemistry 195 (1999), S. 191-197 
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: experimental pancreatitis ; electron microscopy ; glutamate dehydrogenase ; pancreatic mitochondria ; mitochondrial permeability transition pore
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Hyperstimulation with cholecystokinin analogue cerulein induces a mild edematous pancreatitis in rats. There is evidence for a diminished energy metabolism of acinar cells in this experimental model. The aim of this study was to demonstrate permeability transition of the mitochondrial inner membrane as an early change in mitochondrial function and morphology. As functional parameters, the respiration and membrane potential of mitochondria isolated from control and cerulein-treated animals were measured, and changes in volume and morphology were investigated by swelling experiments and electron microscopy. Five hours after the first injection of cerulein, the leak respiration was nearly doubled and the resting membrane potential was decreased by about 17 mV. These alterations were reversed by extramitochondrial ADP or did not occur when cyclosporin A was added to the mitochondrial incubation. A considerable portion of the mitochondria isolated from cerulein-treated animals was swollen and showed dramatic changes in morphology such as a wrinkled outer membrane and the loss of a distinct cristae structure. These data provide evidence for the opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore at an early stage of cerulein induced pancreatitis. This suggests that the permeability transition is an initiating event for lysis of individual mitochondria and the initiation of apoptosis and/or necrosis, as had been shown to occur in this experimental model.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1432-1181
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Abstract The holographic interferometry was used for investigations on temperature and concentration boundary layers during the crystallization of salts from aqueous solutions. Results are discussed for aqueous solutions of sodium sulfate and potassium nitrate. The Nusselt numbers derived from temperature profiles coincide very good with calculated results from heat transfer relations. However, no significant changes of concentration in the vicinity of the surface could be found. Investigations with a dissolving crystallization layer show a distinctive diffusion boundary layer. The measured results led to Sherwood numbers 24% higher than published. On the other hand no diffusion boundary layer could be detected for progressive crystallization. This means that the crystal layer grows is reaction controlled. Microscopical pictures of the crystal layer surface show a strongly rugged surface with steps of about 6o pm height. These coarse structures disturb the formation of a boundary layer and prevent the light beam which passes through the test channel. Therefore an existant diffusion boundary layer maybe covered up by the crystal layer.
    Notes: Zusammenfassung Die holografische Interferometrie wurde eingesetzt, um Temperatur und Konzentrationsgrenzschichten während der Kristallisation aus Lösungen zu untersuchen. Der Meßaufbau wird beschrieben und die mit wäßriger Natriumsulfat-bzw. Kaliumnitratlösung gefundenen Meßergebnisse werden diskutiert. Die aus den Temperaturprofilen abgeleiteten Nusseltzahlen stimmen mit den aus Wärmeübergangsbeziehungen berechneten sehr gut überein. Es konnte jedoch keine signifikante Konzentrationsänderung gefunden werden. Untersuchungen beim Auflösen zeigten eine ausgeprägte Diffusionsgrenzschicht. Die Meßergebnisse lieferten Sherwoodzahlen, die um etwa 24% über Literaturangaben liegen. Demgegenüber konnte für beide Salzlösungen bei fortschreitender Kristallisation keine Diffusionsgrenzschicht nachgewiesen werden, so daß die Kristallschicht demnach einbaulimitiert wachsen müßte. Mikroskopische Aufnahmen der Oberfläche einer Kaliumnitratschicht zeigen eine stark zerklüftete Oberfläche mit Stufen von etwa 60 μm Höhe. Diese groben Strukturen stören die Ausbildung einer Grenzschicht, behindern aber auch den Lichtstrahl beim Durchtritt durch den Meßkanal und überdecken möglicherweise eine vorhandene Diffusionsgrenzschicht.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1573-4919
    Keywords: mitochondria (rat liver) ; lipid peroxidation ; antioxidants
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Mitochondria are cellular organelles where the generation of reactive oxygen species may be high. They are, however, effectively protected by their high capacities of antioxidative systems, as enzymes and either water or lipid soluble low molecular weight antioxidants. These antioxidative defence systems can be effectively regenerated after or during an oxidative stress as long as the mitochondria are in an energized state. Energization of mitochondria mainly depends on the availability of suitable respiratory substrates which can provide hydrogen for the reduction of either the glutathione- or α-tocopherol-system, since GSH is regenerated by glutathione reductase with the substrate NADPH and the α-tocopheroxyl-radical likely by reduced coenzyme Q. It was shown that mitochondria do not undergo damages as long as they can keep a high energy state. The delicate balance between prooxidative/antioxidative activities can be shifted towards oxidation, if experimentally prooxidants were added. After exhaustion of the antioxidative defence systems damages of rnitochondrial functions become expressed followed by membrane injuries along with the oxidation and degradation of mitochondrial lipids and proteins leading finally to the total degradation of the mitoc hondria. Extramitochondrial antioxidants may assist the mitochondrial antioxidative defence systems in a complex way, whereby particularly ascorbic acid can act both as prooxidant and as antioxidant. (Mol Cell Biochem 174: 199–205, 1997)
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 68 (1996), S. 691-694 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Industrial Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chemie Ingenieur Technik - CIT 66 (1994), S. 1396-1399 
    ISSN: 0009-286X
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Additional Material: 7 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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