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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitative, microscopical, computer-aided diagnosis of endometrial hyperplasia or carcinoma in individual patients (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: There are many significant differences, but also considerable overlap between the quantitative histopathological features of mild and marked atypical endometrial hyperplasias and well and moderately differentiated carcinomas, thus preventing its application to individual patient care. To try to overcome this problem, a classification rule for the diagnosis in individual patients, using discriminant analysis has been developed. Utilizing nine quantitative features, all the above four groups can be adequately separated. None of the carcinomas was misclassified as hyperplasia, and only one case of marked atypical hyperplasia was erroneously classified as well differentiated carcinoma, but with a probability of carcinoma 0.75, hyperplasia 0.25. By contrast, the classification probabilities of all the confirmed carcinomas exceeded 0.90. Therefore, using 0.90 as a classification level (‘threshold’), a reliable rule is obtained. A slightly more simple classification rule distinguishes between all the hyperplasias and all the carcinomas. In this way, all the cases of the test set were correctly classified. The classification rules can be used to select patients with benign disease for hormone therapy(Kistner 1973) as an alternative to hysterectomy, and can be programmed in an inexpensive microcomputer. The quantitative techniques are relatively easy, and are capable of being performed in most histopathological laboratories.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1981.tb01835.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Discrimination of hyperplasia and carcinoma of the endometrium by quantitative microscopy–a feasibility study (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Endometrial hyperplasias and carcinomas have been investigated by quantitative microscopical methods. The aim of this study was to develop an objective method of histopathological diagnosis because of the great subjective variability of these endometrial conditions. A total of 79 cases were studied. Only those were included, which, after re-examination of the material by different pathologists, were regarded as mild atypical hyperplasia (38 cases), marked atypical (adenomatous) hyperplasia (11 cases), well and moderately differentiated adenocarcinoma (19 and 11 cases, respectively). There are many significant differences between these four groups. Stereological features contained the most important information, whilst nuclear features were less successful discriminators. The volume percentage of the epithelium and of the glands and the inner surface density of the glands showed the most significant differences between adenomatous hyperplasia and well differentiated carcinoma. On the basis of these findings, a quantitative model is suggested which might give more insight into the development of these abnormalities, assuming a gradual transition from one to another. The great advantage of the quantitative analysis of data over subjective impressions, it that is is objective, and provides consistently reproducible results. The present results may be especially useful when histopathological diagnosis is in doubt. It is concluded that application of quantitative microscopy in the discrimination of endometrial hyperplasia and carcinoma in histopathology is feasible.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1981.tb01767.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantitation of borderline and malignant mucinous ovarian tumours (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 5 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Discrimination between borderline and malignant mucinous ovarian tumours is a well-known diagnostic problem. In order to obtain objective reproducible and consistent features for differential diagnosis, 32 quantitative microscopical features were assessed in 10 benign, 10 borderline and 22 malignant mucinous ovarian tumours. There were many significant differences between the three groups, but using multivariate analysis there was 93% agreement between the histopathological assessment of these sections and the qualitative analyses. The following features were useful in the quantitative classification: the mean area, the mean perimeter and the mean of the short axis of the nucleus; the volume percentage of the epithelium; the mitotic activity. In three cases, there was a difference between the original histopathological and computer classification. It was debatable whether the original diagnosis was correct, and therefore, all the cases were independently reassessed blind by three pathologists. Their diagnoses lend strong support to the computer classification in two of the three cases. The computer classification seems therefore to be even better than 93%. The present quantitative techniques are inexpensive, relatively easy to use, and, we believe, have a useful place in diagnostic histopathology.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1981.tb01797.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prognostic indicators in breast cancer-morphometric methods (1982)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Histopathology 6 (1982), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Morphometric methods were applied to predict the clinical course of individual patients with breast cancer. Measurement of tumour diameter, assessment of mitotic and cellular indices, and quantitative microscopy of nuclear features were assessed together with nuclear features and histological grades. Of the tumours from 78 patients investigated, 42 had died from metastases within 6.5 years (‘non-survivors’), while the other 36 were alive and well without evidence of metastases at the end of the follow-up period (minimum 6.5 years) (‘survivors’). If the tumours of the 42 non-survivors are compared with those of 36 survivors, there are many reproducible significant differences, the most important being cellularity index and mitotic activity index, followed by quantitative microscopical nuclear parameters and nuclear and histological grade. Discriminant analysis, of the quantitative microscopical data alone showed 82% of all patients to be correctly classified as survivor or non-survivor. By contrast with the axillary lymph node invasion status alone, or the tumour diameter and axillary lymph node status together, 59% and 64% of the patients were predicted correctly as survivor or non-survivor. With a more realistic statistical approach of discriminant analysis, 78% of the patients were classified correctly with quantitative microscopy, in place of 54% with the axillary lymph node status, 56% with the TNM-system and 64% with a combination of TNM system and nuclear and histological grade. Morphometry thus seems possible to predict the outcome of individual patients more accurately than with the usual staging/grading methods. This technique might therefore prove to be useful in the selection of patients for adjuvant chemotherapy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.1982.tb02727.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometric study of pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia in granular cell tumors of the tongue (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral pathology & medicine 18 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0714
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Several reports have mentioned the possibility of misdiagnosing pseudoepitheliomatous hyperplasia (PEH) of the overlying mucosa of a granular cell tumor as a squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). Because of this, morphometry was applied to five granular cell tumors with PEH and five well-differentiated SCC of the tongue. In addition, ten normal tongues have been examined. The mean area, the mean perimeter and the mean diameter of the 50 largest squamous epithelial nuclei in 50 fields were found to be significantly larger in squamous cell carcinomas than in granular cell tumors and normal tongues. The shape factor of the nucleus and the mitotic activity appeared to be of no significant value in this respect.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0714.1989.tb00723.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA ploidy analysis in histopathology (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Histopathology 44 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2559
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The introduction of new technologies, designed to assess biologically relevant alterations in tumour cells, has the potential to provide additional prognostic and predictive information from biopsies, as well as providing a more objective assessment than conventional histopathology alone. One such technique is the assessment of the ploidy status of tumours. DNA ploidy studies, using various technologies, are abundant in the literature, but questions remain as to how such studies should be translated into evidence-based practice. In this Expert Opinion, we provide two perspectives on this field. Baak and Janssen discuss the technology and set the assessment of ploidy in the context of other quantitative techniques. Clinical applications are then illustrated. In the paper by Peter Hall, aspects of the biology of ploidy are discussed, and the potential relevance of a more detailed understanding of the biology of ploidy to clinical application. Some of the general short-comings of the applied literature are discussed and some approaches suggested for the improvement of the evidence base on which healthcare decisions relating to the application of new technologies are made.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2559.2004.01897.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour and extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma; a histological, immunohistochemical and DNA flow cytometric study (1995)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 425 (1995), S. 611-616 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour ; Extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma ; Schmidt classification scheme ; DNA flow cytometry ; Mitotic activity index
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although peripheral primitive neuroectodermal tumour (pPNET) and extra-osseous Ewing's sarcoma (EES) are thought to be closely related neoplasms, their clinical behaviour differs considerably. To determine the clinical relevance of the Schmidt classification scheme for differentiating pPNET and EES, 20 tumour specimens of poorly differentiated round cell tumours were evaluated. In addition, the diagnostic value of several neural markers and the prognostic value of quantitative morphological variables (DNA ploidy, S-phase fraction, and the mitotic activity) were assessed. Homer-Wright rosettes were present in 9 tumours. Neuron specific enolase (NSE) was expressed in 11 tumours, 8 of which expressed a second neural marker (CD57, S100, or neurofilament). According to the Schmidt classification, 11 pPNET and 5 EES were distinguished. HBA-71 was exclusively expressed in pPNET and EES. The remaining tumours were classified as sarcoma not otherwise specified (n=2), rhabdomyosarcoma (n=1), and desmoplastic tumour with divergent differentiation (n=1). EES611 patients fared significantly better than the pPNET patients (100% versus 42% 5-year survival). Neither DNA ploidy nor S-phase fraction assessed in 12 evaluative histograms (9 pPNET and 3 EES), nor mitotic activity yielded information of additional prognostic value. On the basis of this study and the Schmidt classification scheme, it can be concluded that if the diagnosis of EES and pPNET is based on light microscopy (Homer-Wright rosettes) and/or immunohistochemistry (at least two neural markers, i.e. NSE, S-100, CD57, and neurofilament), the classification provides important clinical information. Furthermore, positivity for HBA-71 is helpful in differentiating pPNET and EES from all other small round cell tumours.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00199351
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multinucleate giant cells in sublabial salivary gland (1984)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 403 (1984), S. 247-256 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Multinucleate giant cells ; Sjögren's syndromee ; Epimyoepithelial islands ; Sarcoidosis ; Immunoperoxidase technique ; Muramidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The presence of multinucleate giant cells in the sublabial salivary gland tissue in Sjögren's syndrome is an unusual phenomenon which can give rise to differential diagnostic problems. We found in 4 cases of 55 patients with Sjögren's syndrome multinucleate giant cells. In 2 of these 4 patients epimyoepithelial islands were also present. The combination of both multinucleate giant cells as epimyoepithelial islands can mimic the histological picture of a non-caseating granulomatous disease. To discriminate between an epimyoepithelial island and an epithelioid granuloma the immunoperoxidase technique with antibodies directed against muramidase appeared an useful tool. The epithelioid cells contain muramidase whereas the cells in the epimyoepithelial island do not contain this enzyme. Thus, multinucleate giant cells are a rare phenomenon in Sjögren's syndrome, therefore restricting its diagnostic significance. When they occur in Sjögren's syndrome staining for muramidase can be of help to avoid a false positive diagnosis of diseases in which non-caseating granulomatous inflammation occur, such as in sarcoidosis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00694901
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The application of morphometry in gastric cytological diagnosis (1981)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 393 (1981), S. 159-164 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Gastric carcinoma ; Gastric cytology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The applicability of morphometry in the cytological diagnosis of adenocarcinoma of the stomach was tested. Useful morphometric variables were extracted from 41 cases with known histology, and applied to 33 other cases: in all these cases the histological diagnosis were successfully predicted. Morphometry was applied an additional 39 cases selected for difficulties in cytodiagnosis. In the group of cases with suspicious cytology in particular, refinement of cytodiagnosis was achieved by the application of morphometry.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00431073
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Morphometry and cytodiagnosis of breast lesions (1982)
    Springer
    Virchows Archiv 396 (1982), S. 9-18 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2307
    Keywords: Morphometry ; Breast carcinoma ; Breast cytopathology ; Probability ; Threshold approach to diagnosis ; Quantitation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Cells aspirated from breast lesions and smeared on slides were subjected to computer assisted morphometric analysis. Three groups of cases were studied. The first were those collected from patients with known benign and malignant lesions. The second group were 143 unselected consecutive aspirates from breast lesions and the third, a group with a needle aspirate cytodiagnosis “suspicious of malignancy”. The analysis showed the malignant cells to have larger nuclei with more anisokaryosis and more variation in the nuclear cytoplasmic ratios when compared with benign cells. When this form of semiautomatic analysis was applied to the “suspicious” group the accuracy of cytodiagnosis was improved.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00428497
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