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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Temperature anomalies in high northerly latitudes and their link with the El Niño/Southern Oscillation (1998)
    Springer
    Annales geophysicae 16 (1998), S. 1523-1526 
    Details
    ISSN: 0992-7689
    Keywords: Meteorology and Atmospheric dynamics (ocean-atmosphere interactions) ; Oceanography: general (climate and interannual variability) ; Oceanography: physical (air-sea interactions)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Physics
    Notes: Abstract I report the discovery of a low frequency temperature oscillation in the eastern North Atlantic (NA), which was significantly correlated with the Southern Oscillation Index (SOI) in the tropical Pacific, but led the latter index by a number of months. This discovery is significant, because it demonstrates a link between the tropical Pacific and the high northerly latitudes which cannot readily be explained in terms of El Niño/Southern Oscillation (ENSO) feedbacks from the tropics, and opens up the possibility that ENSO and temperature anomalies in northerly climes, may actually have a common origin within, or even external to, the global climate system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00585-998-1523-6
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of Harvesting, Transportation, and Cryogenic Processing on the Microflora of Southern Peas (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 49 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of southern peas [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp., cv. Purple Hull Pinkeye] were obtained at critical stages in a normal harvesting, transportation, and cryogenic processing operation and microbiologically analyzed for total plate count (TPC), Enterobacteriaceae count (ENT), and yeast and mold counts. Molds were identified to genera while ENT were identified to species. Operations involving extended holding times tended to increase all counts significantly, although subsequent processing reduced these counts to an acceptable level. Predominant genera of ENT and molds appeared to be soil borne organisms such as Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, Klebsella pneumoniae, and Serratia liquefaciens, and Fusarium, Cladisporium, Alternaria, Phoma, and Aspergillus, respectively.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1984.tb12809.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Microbiological Changes in Fresh Market Tomatoes During Packing Operations (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 50 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Preliminary studies in two fresh market tomato packing houses in the Charleston, SC area showed significant differences in microbial counts on tomatoes by packing house, sampling point in packing lines, and season. Higher total plate counts, Enterobacteriaceae counts, and mold counts were found in one packing house, probably due to a failure to maintain adequate chlorine in the wash water. Total plate and Enterobacteriaceae counts were higher on tomatoes packed in July than in November. Enterobacteriaceae and molds isolated from the tomato samples were those normally associated with soil-borne contamination. Enterobacter agglomerans, Enterobacter cloacae, and Serratia marcescens were predominant Enterobacteriaceae identified; Alternaria, Penicillium, and Cladosporium were the predominant molds isolated and identified.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1985.tb13322.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    CONTROL OF Salmonella AND EXTENTION OF SHELF-LIFE OF BROILER CARCASSES WITH A GLUTARALDEHYDE PRODUCT (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 42 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Broiler chicken carcasses were inoculated with Salmonella typhimurium (180–360,000 cells per carcass), then, in a simulated commercial chilling process, were prechilled at 18°C in water containing glutaraldehyde. On broilers that had been prechilled for 30 min in 0.5% glutaraldehyde (pH 8.6), then chilled in slush ice for 20 min, salmonellae were eliminated when the inoculum level per carcass was 250 cells, but not when the level was 360,000 cells. Transfer of salmonellae from inoculated to uninoculated carcasses (cross contamination) was prevented by glutaraldehyde at 0.01% or more in the prechill water, when the inoculum level was 200–300 cells per carcass. It was not prevented when the level was 360.000 cells per carcass. A lo-min urechill in 0.5% alutaraldehvde (pH 8.6) extended- carcass shelf-life at 2°C about 6 days beyond that of controls.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1977.tb14495.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    INNOVATIONS IN SAMPLING AND CULTURING METHODS FOR BACTERIOLOGICAL EXAMINATION OF BROILER CARCASSES (1978)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 43 (1978), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Broiler carcasses were sampled by excision of the neck skin with the aid of a special clamp, and by swabbing of the breast skin. Samples from both methods were compared for bacteriological evaluation of carcasses by standard plate counts and by two commercial miniature systems (Millipore and Easicult-TTC). In experiment 1, the excised neck skin method showed higher counts than the breast swab method on carcasses stored at 1.5°C for 7–18 days, but not on day of processing; counts did not differ significantly as a function of culturing and counting system (only standard plating and Millipore were compared) on carcasses stored 7–18 days, but were higher by standard plating than by Millipore on day of processing. In experiment 2, counts did not differ significantly as a function of the two sampling methods or three culturing methods, or between counts on 0 and 7 days of storage of carcasses at 1.5°C. The neck skin excise method combined with a miniaturized culturing system was the fastest means to measure the general bacteriological condition of fresh or stored broiler carcasses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1978.tb15293.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Estimation of the phosphorus sorption capacity of acidic soils in Ireland (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of soil science 52 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2389
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: The test for the degree of phosphorus (P) saturation (DPS) of soils is used in northwest Europe to estimate the potential of P loss from soil to water. It expresses the historic sorption of P by soil as a percentage of the soil's P sorption capacity (PSC), which is taken to be α (Alox + Feox), where Alox and Feox are the amounts of aluminium and iron extracted by a single extraction of oxalate. All quantities are measured as mmol kg soil−1, and a value of 0.5 is commonly used for the scaling factor α in this equation. Historic or previously sorbed P is taken to be the quantity of P extracted by oxalate (Pox) so that DPS = Pox/PSC.The relation between PSC and Alox, Feox and Pox was determined for 37 soil samples from Northern Ireland with relatively large clay and organic matter contents. Sorption of P, measured over 252 days, was strongly correlated with the amounts of Alox and Feox extracted, but there was also a negative correlation with Pox. When PSC was calculated as the sum of the measured sorption after 252 days and Pox, the multiple regression of PSC on Alox and Feox gave the equation PSC = 36.6 + 0.61 Alox+ 0.31 Feox with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 0.92. The regression intercept of 36.6 was significantly greater than zero. The 95% confidence limits for the regression coefficients of Alox and Feox did not overlap, indicating a significantly larger regression coefficient of P sorption on Alox than on Feox. When loss on ignition was employed as an additional variable in the multiple regression of PSC on Alox and Feox, it was positively correlated with PSC. Although the regression coefficient for loss on ignition was statistically significant (P 〈 0.001), the impact of this variable was small as its inclusion in the multiple regression increased R2 by only 0.028. Values of P sorption measured over 252 days were on average 2.75 (range 2.0–3.8) times greater than an overnight index of P sorption. Measures of DPS were less well correlated with water-soluble P than either the Olsen or Morgan tests for P in soil.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2389.2001.00394.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Aerobic Microflora of Commercially Harvested, Transported and Cryogenically Processed Col lards (Brassica oleracea) (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 52 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Samples of spring and fall harvested collards were obtained at critical stages in a normal harvesting, transportation and cryogenic processing operation and microbiologically analyzed for total plate counts, En-terobacreriaceae counts, and yeasts and molds. Operations that involved extended holding times and mechanical handling tended to increase all counts significantly while blanching and blast freezing with liquid N2 reduced counts to acceptable levels. Differences were significant in all counts by sampling points and dates. Prominant genera of Enterobacteriaceae isolated from the frozen product were those normally associated with soil contamination and not normally considered pathogenic to humans.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1987.tb14265.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Presumptive Identification of Stock Cultures and Food Isolates As Salmonella, Shigella, or Yersinia with the Enteric Pathogen Screen (1986)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food science 51 (1986), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1750-3841
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The enteric pathogen screen (EPS) card designed for use with the Vitek Auto Microbic System (AMS) was evaluated with stock cultures and fresh isolates from ground beef, pork sausage, chicken and turkey to determine its effectiveness as a screen for Salmonella, Yersinia enterocolitica and Shigella. Each isolate was concurrently tested with the Micro-ID test strip and the AMS Gram negative identification card to confirm its identification. The EPS accurately classified 115 of 125 (92%) of the stock cultures and 207 of 212 (97%) of the fresh food isolates. The EPS gives a rapid presumptive screen at a relatively low cost and as such is a viable alternative to conventional procedures.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1986.tb11176.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Some effect of sodium application on the yield and chemical composition of pasture grown under differing conditions of potassium and moisture supply (1995)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 176 (1995), S. 117-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: denitrification ; fertiliser microsite ; grassland ; hypomagnesemic tetany ; nitrate uptake ; potassium status ; sodium fertilisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The effects of Na fertiliser (supplied as an NPK-Na compound) on herbage yield and composition were examined at two different sites to see if pasture responses to Na were affected by differences in K and moisture availability. At one site, pasture was grown under conditions of moisture stress and limited K availability, whereas at the other site the pasture was grown under comparatively non-stress conditions. The results were interesting in that Na fertilisation appeared to be detrimental to pasture yield and quality under conditions of moisture stress and suboptimal K supply, whereas under the non-stress conditions it actually increased herbage N offtake, marginally improved the nutritional quality of the pasture and produced appreciable (albeit non-significant) increases in DM yield. It was suggested that an important effect of Na on grass production may have been its ability to enhance the rate of NO3 − uptake by plants, thereby minimising NO3 −-N losses from the soil-plant system by denitrification. However, because the amount of N fertiliser used in the experiments (i.e. 390 kg N ha−1 yr−1) was close to that normally required for maximum yield production (N max) under Northern Ireland conditions, the scope for yield increases in response to Na-elicited improvements in N offtake were thought to have been very limited at both experimental sites. On the basis of results from both the present study and previous field trials, a unifying theory is presented to explain the differential effects of Na on NO3 − uptake and herbage growth under different sets of circumstances.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00017682
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effects of gypsum on the uptake, assimilation and cycling of 15N-labelled ammonium and nitrate-N by perennial ryegrass (1992)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 143 (1992), S. 19-31 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: ammonium ; calcium ; carboxylate/organic nitrogen ratio ; 15N isotope ; nitrate ; nitrogen cycling ; perennial ryegrass
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Solution culture studies have shown that plant uptake of NH4 + and NO3 - can be improved by increasing the concentration of Ca2+ in the root environment: the same may be true for grass grown in soil culture. An experiment was set up to see whether gypsum (CaSO4 2H2O) increased the rate at which perennial ryegrass absorbed 15NH4 + and 15NO3 - from soil. The results demonstrated that gypsum increases the rates of uptake of both NH4 + and NO3 - by perennial ryegrass. However because there was little potential for mineral-N loss from the experimental system, either by gaseous emission or by N immobilization, long term improvements in fertilizer efficiency were not observed. Nitrogen cycling from shoots to roots commenced once net uptake of N into plants had ceased. Labelled N transferred thus to roots underwent isotopic exchange with unlabelled soil N. It was suggested that this exchange of N might constitute an energy drain from the plant, if plant organic N was exchanged for soil inorganic N. The fact that the exchange occurred at all cast doubt on the suitability of the 15N-isotope dilution technique for assessing fertilizer efficiency in medium to long term experiments. There was evidence that the ‘extra’ NO3 --N taken up by plants on the all-nitrate treatments as a result of gypsum application, was reduced in root tissue rather than in shoots, but to the detriment of subsequent root growth and N uptake.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00009125
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