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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Description of Sarcocystis falcatula Stiles, 1893, a Parasite of Birds and Opossums (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 31 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: . Sarcocystis falcatula Stiles, 1893 is re-described. Intermediate hosts of the parasite which was earlier described as Sarcocystis debonei Vogelsang, 1929 are species of passeriform, psittaciform, and columbiform birds. In these birds, muscle zoites are 6.88 × 2.19 (4.8-8.4 × 1.2-3.6) μm and are enclosed in a cyst wall with regular protrusions, 1-5 μm long. The convoluted primary wall has multiple thin areas in the osmiophilic layer. Microtubules originate in the ground substance and extend to the tips of the protrusions. The only known definitive host is the opossum, Didelphis virginiana; rats, cats, a dog, and a ferret could not be infected from muscle cysts. Sporocysts from opossums infected from five different infected avian sources measure 11.2 × 7.4 (9.6−12.0 × 6.0-8.4)μm.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1984.tb05495.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Isospora as an Extraintestinal Parasite of Passerine Birds (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Toxoplasma-like avian parasites inhabiting mononuclear phagocytes have been called Haemogregarina, Toxoplasma. avian Toxoplasma, Atoxoplasma, and Lankesterella by various authors. My attempts to transmit the parasites by bloodsucking mites or by transfer of blood and tissues of infected sparrows and canaries were unsuccessful. However, it was noted that the infection was exacerbated under conditions that favored transmission of coccidiosis: crowding and lack of cleanliness. Oral inoculation of sporulated oocysts of Isospora resulted in death from overwhelming macrophage infection with Toxoplasma-like organisms. Experiments using sparrows and canaries showed that the Isospora species involved was not cross infectious. Further investigations using canaries demonstrated that after oral oocyst inoculation, infection of macrophages spread from the submucosa of the duodenum to the liver. spleen, and lungs. After several generations in the internal organs, asexual multiplication, occured in the intestinal epithelium of the small intestinc. Fecal oocysts first appeared at the end of 9–10 days. Oocysts continued to be passed in the feces for months after infection. This chronicity may be explained by the relatively long life of the macrophages that serve as host cells for the asexual stages as compared to the intestinal epithelium which is the cell type parasitized by conventional coccidia.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb02842.x
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Pathogenesis of Sarcocystis falcatula (Apicomplexa: Sarcocystidae) in the Budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus). IV. infrastructure of Developing, Mature and Degenerating Sarcocysts (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 36 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: . Sarcocysts in cardiac and skeletal muscles of budgerigars (Melopsittacus undulatus) were examined transmission electron microscopically 5 to 168 days after experimental infection with Sarcocystis falcatula. The ultrastnicture of the primary cyst wall, amorphous substance, metrocytes and bradyzoites in developing, degenerating and mature sarcocysts is described and compared with precystic merozoites studied previously. Sufficient morphologic differences between precystic rnerozoites, metrocytes and bradyzoites (cystozoites) were found which seem to justify their semantic differentiation. Significant differences in immature and mature primary cyst wall morphology were encountered. If primary cyst wall morphology is to be used in determination and differentiation of species of Sarcocystis, then caution must be used to employ only mature sarcocysts.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1989.tb05542.x
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Observations on Giardia of Budgerigars (1981)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 28 (1981), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: . Sick budgerigars from a local aviary were found to be infected with Giardia. The trophozoites were of the Giardia duodenalis type as defined by Filice with elongate median bodies pointed on one or both ends and more or less perpendicular to the long axis of the body. Using three fixation-staining methods, and material from three birds, the length ranged from 10 to 18 μm and the width from 4.5 to 11 μm with a mean length to width ratio of 2. Attempts to culture the trophozoites in vitro from intestinal scrapings were unsuccessful. Also attempts to transmit the infection by fecal cysts to canaries and mice failed. It is proposed that the budgerigar form be called Giardia duodenalis, race psittaci.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1981.tb05326.x
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Blood and Tissue Protozoa of the English Sparrow (Passer domesticus domesticus) in Galveston, Texas (1966)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 13 (1966), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: SYNOPSIS. The 42% incidence of Plasmodium in blood films of English sparrows reported here is the highest on record for surveys of blood parasites of birds in the United States. The only Plasmodium species identified in the sparrows was P. relictum. Adult birds were almost universally infected and tended to experience the highest degree of parasitemia in the spring months, while young birds had a higher blood positivity in the summer months. The lowest incidence of Plasmodium positive blood films occurred in fall and winter in the Galveston area. Overwintering birds had a decrease in parasitemia corresponding to reported minimal gonadal activity in sparrows.The 20% incidence of Lankesterella (avian Toxoplasma) in the blood of these sparrows was also higher than has been reported in other blood film surveys in this country. Incidence of this parasite in blood films was highest in the summer months, corresponding with highest average temperature for the year. Lankesterella could be found in 95% of sparrows whose tissues were examined after autopsy.Ducks and pigeons in the immediate vicinity of the survey sparrows had neither Plasmodium nor Lankesterella in blood films. Resident wild birds from adjacent rural areas, including redwinged blackbirds, boat-tailed grackles, laughing gulls and meadowlarks, had fewer Plasmodium and Lankesterella than the sparrows. A few Lankesterella were found in the liver or spleen of young redwinged blackbirds, and only 2 of 79 wild birds had the organisms in their heart blood. Plasmodium was found only in meadowlarks and included P. hexamerium and elongatum as well as relictum.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1966.tb01895.x
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Exogenous Stages of Isospora serini (Aragão) and Isospora canaria sp. n. in the canary (serinus canarius Linnaeus) (1975)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 22 (1975), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: Exogenous stages of Isospora serini (Aragão) and Isospora canaria sp. n. from the canary (Serinus canarius Linnaeus) are described. Oocysts of I. serini are spheroid and average 19.2 × 20.1 μ m, while those of I. canaria are larger, more ellipsoid, and average 21.8 × 24.6 μ m. No oocyst residuum is present and the oocyst walls of both species are colorless, transparent, and single layered. Sporocysts average 9.4 × 15.2 μ m for I. serini and 11.5 × 18.1 μ m for I. canaria. The I. canaria sporocyst has a substiedal body, but none was found in I. serini sporocysts. Both species have a spherical sporocyst residuum; this was obscured in the I. serini sporocyst by scattered granules. Living sporozoites of I. canaria average 3.6 × 16.9 μ m and have 1 to 3 refractile globules; those of I. serini have 2 globules and average 2.8 × 12.6 μ m.A disseminated infection of the mononuclear phagocytes results from administration of I. serini while I. canaria oocysts give rise to a typical coccidian infection restricted to the intestinal epithelium. Asexual stages of I. serini in macrophages are indistinguishable from parasites previously called avian Toxoplasma, Atoxoplasma, and Lankesterella.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1975.tb05844.x
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  • 7
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Life Cycles of Two Isospora Species in the Canary, Serinus canarius Linnaeus (1977)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 24 (1977), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: SYNOPSIS. The endogenous stages of Isospora serini Aragão and Isospora canaria Box are described from experimentally infected canaries, Serinus canarius Linnaeus. Unlike other Coccidia, the first part of the I. serini life cycle takes place in mono-nuclear phagocytes. Five asexual generations are described from this cell type; 2 additional asexual generations and the sexual stages take place in the intestinal epithelium. Isospora canaria, on the other hand, has a conventional coccidian life cycle in that all of the endogenous stages are in the epithelium of the small intestine, with 3 asexual generations and the sexual generation described in the duodenal epithelium. The 2 species differ in their position relative to the nucleus of the intestinal epithelial cell. Isospora serini is usually on the lumenal side of the nucleus while I. canaria is below the nucleus, toward the basement membrane. The prepatent period is 4–5 days for I. canaria and 9–10 days for I. serini. Patency lasts for 11–13 days in I. canaria infections, but duration of oocyst output is more chronic in I. serini infections, persisting for as long as 231 days. Both species have a diurnal periodicity of oocyst discharge which occurs in late afternoon and evening.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1977.tb05281.x
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  • 8
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Atoxoplasma Associated with an Isosporan Oocyst in Canaries (1970)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    The @journal of eukaryotic microbiology 17 (1970), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1550-7408
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Biologie
    Notizen: SYNOPSIS Coccidia-free and mite-free domestic canaries Serinus canarius given sporulated Isospora oocysts of canary origin and autopsied at intervals thereafter had numerous organisms in cells of the macrophage system structurally similar to organisms called Atoxoplasma. Judging from the sequence of intensity of infection, the mucosa of the upper intestine was parasitized first and the organisms spread from there down the intestine and to the internal organs. The prepatent period of 10 days for the Isospora infection could be started in one bird by oocyst administration and completed by transfer of infected liver cells from this bird to a 2nd bird. Isospara oocysts from sparrows were not infective for a canary.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1550-7408.1970.tb04700.x
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  • 9
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Microscopic and submicroscopic anatomy of the parabronchi, air sacs, and respiratory space of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) (1986)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 177 (1986), S. 221-242 
    Details
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: The normal microscopic and submicroscopic structure of the lower respiratory tract of the budgerigar (Melopsittacus undulatus) is described and compared with other birds and mammals. Granular (type II) pneumocytes are confined to linings of air sacs, parabronchi, and their atria; however, their secretions (surfactant) cover the surfaces of the infundibula and respiratory space. Infundibula extend from the atria and give rise to the air capillaries, which branch and anastomose freely with those of adjacent infundibula and other parabronchi (interparabronchial septa are not found). Infundibula and the respiratory labyrinth are lined by a continuous epithelium of squamous pneumocytes, whose perikarya are concentrated in the infundibula and whose peripheral cytoplasm is markedly attenuated. The squamous pneumocytes of the respiratory labyrinth share a basal lamina with the blood capillaries that they envelop.
    Zusätzliches Material: 22 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aja.1001770208
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