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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fruit Ripening (1987)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Plant Physiology 38 (1987), S. 155-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4294
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.pp.38.060187.001103
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Two forms of exopolygalacturonase increase as peach fruits ripen (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Freestone peach cultivars are distinguished from clingstone cultivars by a more extensive softening of the mesocarp tissue, and by the separation of mesocarp and endocarp during ripening. Cultivars of both types have been reported to develop exopolygalacturonase activity during ripening, but the enzyme has not been characterized in any detail. During development of freestone peaches (Prunus persica L. var Coronet), two exopolygalacturonase enzymes were detected 42, 65 and 85 d after full bloom and in ripe fruit. During ripening one enzyme (exoPG 1) increased 36-fold and the other (exoPG 2) 90-fold but exoPG 2 accounted for a 73% of the total activity in ripe fruit. ExoPG 1 was purified 24-fold and exoPG 2 540-fold. ExoPG 2 is a slightly acidic glycoprotein. ExoPG 1 and exoPG 2 differ slightly in their pH optima and in their responses to calcium: each produces monogalacturonic acid as a reaction product. Similar enzymes were found in Flavorerest, a semi-freestone peach.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01068.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Homologies to the tomato endopolygalacturonase gene in the peach genome (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 13 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. Peach endopolygalacturonase was isolated from the mesocarp tissue of soft ripe, freestone peach fruit, but was not detectable in mature pre-ripening fruit. It is a basic protein with a Mr of approximately 45000 Da, and cross-reacts with antibody to tomato endopolygalacturonase. Using a cDNA to the tomato enzyme as a probe, a fragment of peach genomic DNA was isolated which encoded about 50% of the peach enzyme. The nucleotide sequence of the fragment was determined and the amino acid sequence of part of the peach endopolygalacturonase peptide derived. Coding regions of the peach gene show extensive homology with related regions of the tomato gene. Introns are dissimilar. Endopolygalacturonase activity occurs in ripe ‘freestone’peaches but not in the firmer ‘clingstone’varieties. Hybridization studies identified a similar gene fragment in freestone, semi-freestone and clingstone peach varieties.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3040.1990.tb01067.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt-tolerance in plants. II. In vitro translation of m-RNAs from salt-tolerant and salt-sensitive plants on wheat germ ribosomes. Responses to ions and compatible organic solutes (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Messenger RNA from salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant plants Triticum aestivum. Beta vulgaris, Pisum sativum, Chenopodium album and Atriplex nummularia was translated in vitro in a wheatgerm translation system. The optimal monovalent and divalent ion concentrations for translation were independent of the salt tolerance of the plants from which the m-RNAs were derived. Translation was optimal in 100 120 mol m−3 potassium acetate and 1.5–2.0 mol m−3 Mg2+. Substitution of Na+ for K+, or of Cl− for acetate, was inhibitory. The pattern of polypeptides synthesized from cytoplasmic m-RNAs of salt-sensitive and salt-tolerant plants remained constant in all the conditions examined. The effects of adding the ‘compatible' organic solutes glycine-betaine and mannitol were examined in the wheat-germ system primed with RNA from the leaves of Triticum aestivum or Beta vulgaris. The rate of translation, the optimum ionic concentrations and the distribution of polypeptide products were maintained in organic solute concentrations of up to 500 mol m−3. Proline above 300 mol m−3 and surcose above 100 mol m−3 did inhibit translation. The results indicate that translation in plants is unlikely in cytoplasmic K+ concentrations exceeding 180 mol m−3, but would proceed in the presence of up to 500 mol m−3 mannitol or glyinebetaine, or of up to 300 mol m−3 proline.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11591845
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Salt-tolerance in plants. I. Ions, compatible organic solutes and the stability of plant ribosomes (1984)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Plant, cell & environment 7 (1984), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3040
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Polysomes and ribosomes recovered from a number of plant species were tested for stability when incubated at 25°C in salt solutions in the absence of ATP and initiation factors. Stability was assessed by sucrose density gradient analysis. The stability was inversely proportional to salt concentrations above 125 mol m−3 KCl. Polysomes were less stable in the presence of Na+ than K+ salts, and were much less stable in Cl− than in acetate salts. Polysomes from Triticum aestivum. Hordeum vulgare, Capsicum annuum, Helianthus annuus. Pisum sativum, Atriplex nummularia, Beta vulgaris, Cladophora sp., Enteromorpha sp. and Corallina cuvieri were similarly sensitive to KCl. Polysomes from Ulva lactuca were more sensitive than the other species. Cytoplasmic and plastid polysomes from T. aestivum were similarly unstable in 500 mol m−3 KCl. Unprogrammed ribosomal subunit couples from T. aestivum, B. vulgaris and U. lactuca showed Mg2+-dependent conformational instability and dissociation in KCl. Slight differences in ribosomal stability were observed between species, but these were unrelated to the salt tolerances of the plants. The ‘compatible’ organic solutes, glycinebetaine and proline, failed to reduce ion-induced instability. Ribosome yield and polysome profiles were similar in leaves of B. vulgaris containing significantly different levels of both Na+ and Cl− after growth in media containing 50 or 200 mol m−3 NaCl. The results are consistent with the hypothesis that plants maintain a cytoplasmic solute environment that is compatible with ribosomal stability.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1365-3040.ep11591840
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DEVELOPMENTAL REGULATION OF THE EXPRESSION OF ALCOHOL DEHYDROGENASE IN RIPENING TOMATO FRUITS (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of food biochemistry 14 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1745-4514
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In each of 5 tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill) cultivars examined, alcohol dehydrogenase (E.C.1.1.1.1) specific activity decreased during the early stages of ripening and then increased in the postclimacteric period. Alcohol dehydrogenase specific activity also increased when immature, mature or pink fruit were placed in an atmosphere of 3% (V/V) oxygen. Measurements of oxygen in the internal tissues and the respiratory quotient throughout ripening established that fruit ripening in air does not suffer an oxygen stress. Increases in alcohol dehydrogenase activity were also observed in pink fruit exposed to 10% (V/V) carbon dioxide. Such atmospheres are known to result in a lowering of the cytoplasmic pH in plants and it is suggested that alcohol dehydrogenase activity is induced during ripening in response to cytoplasmic acid stress. The increased ADH activity during ripening may contribute to flavor development.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1745-4514.1990.tb00804.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The response of plant mitochondria to media of high solute content (1976)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 8 (1976), S. 121-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The state-3 rate of respiration of potato tuber mitochondria is inhibited by concentrations of KCl or NaCl above 125 mM, and by concentrations of sucrose, lactose, or maltose above 500 mM, but not at all by mannitol, glucose, glycine, or proline up to a concentration of 1500 mM in the medium. Mitochondria from cauliflower, beetroot, cucumber, rock melon, and watermelon behave very similarly to those from potato tuber. The variable response to different solutes proves that the reduction in respiration is not a simple function of the chemical potential of water in the medium. Disruption of potato mitochondria by ultrasonic vibration does not relieve the inhibition of succinate oxidation caused by KCl or sucrose. However, treatment with detergent abolishes completely the inhibition of respiration by sucrose. Inhibition of succinate dehydrogenase [Succinate:PMS, oxidoreductase (EC.1.3.99.1)] and malate dehydrogenase [L-Malate:NAD oxidoreductase (EC.1.1.1.37)] activities by sucrose is less than the inhibition of succinate- and malate-dependent oxygen uptake by the potato mitochondria. Limited substrate uptake and, alternatively, reduced electron flow as a consequence of a direct effect of solute on the mitochondrial membrane are considered as possible mechanisms of inhibition.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00748958
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors limiting mitochondrial respiration in media of high solute content (1975)
    Springer
    Journal of bioenergetics and biomembranes 7 (1975), S. 189-200 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6881
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The state-3 rate of respiration of rat-liver mitochondria was depressed in media containing KCl, sucrose, or mannitol at concentrations in excess of 125 mM. At equivalent concentrations, glucose caused less inhibition than sucrose or mannitol, and no inhibition was observed with glycine. These observations establish that solute inhibition of respiration is not a consequence of the reduced chemical potential of water in the system. The accumulation of succinate by mitochondria was not reduced by high sucrose concentrations. Sonication only partially relieved inhibition by sucrose or mannitol, and not at all that by KCl, and the evidence indicates that solute inhibition is not primarily an inhibition of substrate entry into mitochondria. Sucrose in the assay media inhibited succinate dehydrogenase [succinate: PMS oxidoreductase (EC.1. 3. 91)] and malate dehydrogenase [l-malate: NAD oxidoreductase (EC.1.1.1.37)] activities, but these inhibitions were less than those of succinate-and malate-dependent oxygen uptake by mitochondria. Disruption of the mitochondrial membrane by detergent abolished the inhibition of respiration by sucrose, and the evidence indicates that solute inhibits the functional capacity of the membrane-associated respiratory system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01558547
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    High-temperature mutual solubilities of hydrocarbons and water. Part II: Ethylbenzene, ethylcyclohexane, and n-octane (1985)
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 31 (1985), S. 376-384 
    Details
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: In Part I (Tsonopoulos and Wilson, 1983), the mutual solubilities of three C6 hydrocarbons (benzene, cyclohexane, n-hexane) and water were experimentally investigated and, together with critically selected literature data, were correlated up to the three-phase critical end point. The present paper extends this analysis to the mutual solubilities of three C8 hydrocarbons (ethylbenzene, ethylcyclohexane, n-octane) and water, which have been measured at the three-phase equilibrium pressure up to the critical temperatures (568, 561 and 539 K, respectively). A thermodynamic analysis of these new measurements and of available literature data has been performed up to the three-phase critical end point. Information is also provided on vapor-phase equilibrium compositions. The solubility of hydrocarbons in water has been used to calculate Henry's constants, while the solubility and volatility of water in hydrocarbons has been successfully correlated with several modifications of the Redlich-Kwong equation of state.
    Additional Material: 11 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/aic.690310304
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