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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Peritoneal morphology in children treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1992)
    Springer
    Pediatric nephrology 6 (1992), S. 542-546 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-198X
    Keywords: Peritoneal dialysis ; Peritoneum ; Peritonitis ; Uraemia ; Scanning electron microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Fifty peritoneal biopsies (PB) from 35 patients with end-stage renal disease, treated by continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD) and aged 2 months to 18 years, were examined by light microscopy (n=50) and/or scanning electron microscopy. PB were performed during surgical procedures immediately before the start of, during, or after the cessation of CAPD treatment. PB from 15 children without renal disease undergoing laparatomy were examined similarly. Before the start of CAPD, a scarcity and shortening of the mesothelial microvilli was observed by scanning electron microscopy. During and after CAPD, variable alterations of mesothelium, interstitium and capillaries were found. The mesothelial layer was absent in all 5 PB obtained during episodes of active peritonitis. In patients treated by CAPD for longer than 6 months, mesothelial denudation was observed more frequently (6/11) than in children treated for shorter periods (1/7) (P〈0.08). Fibrosis of the peritoneal membrane was present in about 50% of patients during or after the cessation of CAPD without impairment of peritoneal function. No correlation was found between the presence of fibrosis and the frequency of peritonitis or the duration of CAPD treatment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00866498
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased expression of nitric oxide synthase in a subpopulation of rat sympathetic neurons after axotomy – correlation with vasoactive intestinal peptide (1996)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 285 (1996), S. 419-425 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Key words: Immunohistochemistry ; In situ hybridization ; Sympathetic neuron ; Nitric oxide synthase ; Vasoactive intestinal peptide ; Axotomy ; Neuroplasticity ; Rat (Sprague Dawley)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Nitric oxide synthase (NOS) expression is increased in peripheral sensory and central motor neurons after axotomy. By applying double-labelling immunofluorescence and non-radioactive in situ hybridization, we have investigated the regulation of NOS in axotomized sympathetic rat superior cervical ganglia. Furthermore, co-localization of NOS with vasoactive intestinal peptide, which is also induced by axotomy, has been examined. Very few (〈0.1%) NOS-expressing neurons are observed in control ganglia. Some large cell bodies located at the exit of the internal carotid nerve are additionally immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide. One week following postganglionic axotomy, the number of NOS-immunoreactive and NOS mRNA-expressing neurons increases but does not exceed 2% of the whole neuronal population. About 20% of these neurons are also immunoreactive for vasoactive intestinal peptide. Preganglionic nerve fibre meshworks that are immunoreactive for NOS in untreated ganglia disappear after ganglionic decentralization, whereas some presumably postganglionic fibres remain visible after combined axotomy and decentralization. The findings are indicative of an increased synthesis of NOS in a small subset of postganglionic neurons of the rat superior cervical ganglion, possibly because of the loss of target-derived factors that inhibit nitric oxide synthesis under normal conditions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004410050658
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Tyrosine-hydroxylase-containing vagal afferent neurons in the rat nodose ganglion are independent from neuropeptide-Y-containing populations and project to esophagus and stomach (1993)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 271 (1993), S. 135-144 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Tyrosine hydroxylase ; Tyrosine hydroxylase mRNA ; Sensory neurons ; Nodose ganglion ; Esophagus ; Neuropeptide Y ; Rat (Wistar)
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Immunoreactivity to the rate limiting enzyme of catecholamine synthesis, tyrosine hydroxylase, has been described in the inferior sensory (= nodose) ganglion of the vagal nerve in the rat. The aim of the present study was to characterize further this neuronal population. The neurons do not represent displaced autonomic efferent neurons, since they do not receive synaptic input, as indicated by the absence of synaptophysin-immunoreactive terminals. In addition to the immunoreactivity to tyrosine hydroxylase, a tyrosine hydroxylase cRNA probe hybridizes with nodose ganglion neurons as demonstrated by in situ hybridization and Northern blotting. Many but not all of the tyrosine hydroxylase-immunoreactive neurons are also immunoreactive to the dopamine synthesizing enzyme, aromatic-l-amino-acid-decarboxylase, but lack the noradrenaline-synthesizing enzyme, dopamine-β-hydroxylase, thus favoring synthesis of dopamine. Neuropeptide Y, which is often colocalized with catecholamines, is also present in a subset of nodose ganglion neurons, as indicated by immunohistochemistry, in situ hybridization and Northern blotting. However, double-labeling immunofluorescence has revealed that these two antigens are localized in different cell populations. Retrograde neuronal tracing utilizing fluorescent dyes (Fast blue, Fluoro-gold) combined with tyrosine hydroxylase immunohistochemistry has demonstrated that the esophagus and stomach are peripheral targets of tyrosine-hydroxylase-containing vagal visceroafferent neurons.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00297551
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histotopography and ultrastructure of the thin limbs of the loop of Henle in the hamster (1982)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 225 (1982), S. 111-127 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Loops of Henle ; Thin limbs ; Kidney (hamster) ; Ultrastructure
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the kidney of the Syrian hamster the descending thin limbs of both the short and long loops of Henle are not spatially separated from each other and descend between the vascular bundles. Ultrastructurally, five different epithelial types are distinguished in the thin limbs of the short and long loops of Henle. Short loops possess only a descending thin limb with a simply organized epithelium (type 1). Long loops comprise an upper and a lower part of the descending thin limb and the ascending thin limb. The upper part of the long descending thin limb is equipped with a complex and highly interdigitating epithelium with shallow junctions (type 2), which gradually transforms into the simple noninterdigitating type-3 epithelium of the lower part. In a minor portion of long descending thin limbs, however, the upper part begins with an even more complexly organized epithelium (type 2a) than type 2. Type-2a epithelium is conspicuously thicker and possesses a more elaborate mode of cellular interdigitation. Along the descent of this tubular part through the inner stripe of the outer medulla, type-2a epithelium transforms into type-2 epithelium. It is suggested that the long descending thin limbs, which start with type-2a epithelium, belong to the longest loops. The type-4 epithelium of the ascending thin limbs is characterized by flat and extensively interdigitating cells with shallow junctions. The unique pattern of the type-2 a epithelium favors the assumption that solute secretion essentially contributes to the increase in concentration of tubular fluid in long descending thin limbs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00216222
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Phagocytes in the axial complex of the sea urchin, Sphaerechinus granularis (Lam.) (1980)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 213 (1980), S. 109-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axial complex ; Phagocytosis ; Intranuclear crystalloids ; X-ray microanalysis ; Sphaerechinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In the axial complex of Sphaerechinus granularis intense phagocytotic activity is encountered. The phagocytes ingest morula cells and other phagocytes; a lysosomal digestion of the phagocytosed cells is suggested. A subdivision into early and late phagocytes is made according to their granular content. Most of the phagocytes possess intranuclear crystalloids that exhibit a filamentous or particulate substructure. Late stages of phagocytes filled with residual bodies and crystalloids leave the axial complex via the lacunar system to be removed through the rectum. X-ray microanalysis reveals a constant presence of iron and sulphur in the crystalloids. The residual bodies contain iron, sulphur, calcium and zinc in varying amounts. This study confirms that one function of the axial complex is excretion.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00236924
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Fine structure of the axial complex of Sphaerechinus granularis (Lam.) (Echinodermata: Echinoidea) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 193 (1978), S. 107-123 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axial complex ; Sphaerechinus ; Heamal system ; Epithelial muscle cells ; Coelomocytes ; Function
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Three regions of the axial complex in Sphaerechinus granularis can be distinguished: 1) The axial organ which protrudes from one side of the axial sinus; the sinus septum which separates the sinus from the body cavity and encloses the stone canal; the pulsating vessel which runs along the inside of the axial organ. 2) The blindly-ending terminal sinus in which the pulsating vessel broadens out to the contractile terminal process. 3) The ampulla of the stone canal which connects the axocoel and water vascular system and which opens out through the madreporite. A single-layered, monociliated coelomic epithelium surrounds all regions of the axial complex. This epithelium contains smooth muscle cells at the contractile areas. Canaliculi, surrounded by basal lamina, are formed through infolding of epithelia; they end blindly in the fluid and connective tissue -matrix of the inner structures. The lacunae of the dorso-ventral mesentery connect the periesophageal and the perianal haemal ring with the axial organ. The axial organ contains many coelomocytes rich in pigment and granules. These coelomocytes are separated into compartments by elastic fibres. Phagocytosis of whole cells and transformational stages of coelomocytes suggest storage and degradation functions. An excretory function via the water vascular system is also suggested.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00221605
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ultrastructural, fluorescence microscopic and microfluorimetric study of the innervation of the axial complex in the sea urchin, Sphaerechinus granularis (Lam.) (1978)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 194 (1978), S. 315-326 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Keywords: Axial complex ; Nerve fibers ; Neuromuscular junctions ; Monoamines ; Sphaerechinus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary In juxtaposition with the contractile epithelia of the axial complex of the sea urchin, Sphaerechinus granularis, several types of nerve fibers with different vesicle populations were determined. Nerve terminals, filled with clear vesicles and dense core vesicles, form synaptoid neuromuscular junctions. Close to the somatocoelic epithelia of the axial and terminal sinus septa, numerous axon profiles form a nerve plexus. Among the epithelial cells covering the plexus, two types of nerve cells can be distinguished which presumably produce neurosecretory and aminergic granules, respectively. Monoamine fluorescence (formaldehyde-induced fluorescence, Falck-Hillarp technique) was analyzed microspectrofluorimetrically. The emission spectrum of the fluorophores occurring in the present material shows a maximum at 475 nm and is characteristic of catecholamines; the excitation maximum at 380 nm after formaldehyde treatment is typical of catecholamines at low pH only. Since the peak ratio (370:320 nm) does not change after HCl-vapor treatment, the fluorophores are likely to be indicative of dopamine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00220398
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