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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Scrg1 is induced in TSE and brain injuries, and associated with autophagy (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 22 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Quelle: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: We have previously identified Scrg1, a gene with increased cerebral mRNA levels in transmissible spongiform encephalopathies (TSE) such as scrapie, bovine spongiform encephalopathy and Creutzfeldt–Jakob disease. In this study, Scrg1-immunoreactive cells, essentially neurons, were shown to be widely distributed throughout the brain of scrapie-infected mice, while only rare and weakly immunoreactive cells could be detected in the brain of non-infected normal mice. Induction of the protein was confirmed by Western blot analysis. At the ultrastructural level, Scrg1 protein was associated with dictyosomes of the Golgi apparatus and autophagic vacuoles in the central neurons of the scrapie-infected mice. These results suggested a role for Scrg1 in the pathological changes observed in TSE. We have generated transgenic mice specifically expressing Scrg1 in neurons. No significant differences in the time course of the disease were detected between transgenic and non-transgenic mice infected with scrapie prions. However, tight association of Scrg1 with autophagic vacuoles was again observed in brain neurons of infected transgenic mice. High levels of the protein were also detected in degenerating Purkinje cells of Ngsk Prnp0/0 mice overexpressing the Prnd gene coding for doppel, a neurotoxic paralogue of the prion protein. Furthermore, induction of Scrg1 protein was observed in the brain of mice injured by canine distemper virus or gold thioglucose treatment. Taken together, our results indicate that Scrg1 is associated with neurodegenerative processes in TSE, but is not directly linked to dysregulation of prion protein.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2005.04172.x
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The vascular and epithelial serotonergic innervation of the actinopterygian gill filament with special reference to the trout, Salmo gairdneri (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 258 (1989), S. 349-363 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Gills ; Indoleamines ; Immunocytochemistry ; Autonomic innervation ; Salmo gairdneri R. ; Perca fluviatilis L. ; Micropterus dolomieui (Lacépède) ; Anguilla anguilla L. ; Ictalurus melas Rafinesque (Teleostei) ; Acipenser baeri L. (Chondrostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Antibodies against serotonin and 5-methoxytryptamine reveal indolaminergic neurons innervating the proximal part of the efferent arterial vasculature, the filament epithelia, the central venous sinus, and certain other serotonergic cells of the teleost gill filament. In the same area, acetylcholinesterase-positive and indoleaminergic neurons have already been described. We propose that these populations of neurons belong to a single neuronal type but express different agents. Our current results support this idea; in particular, they point to the presence of a single type of serotonin-containing nerve terminal, impinging on vascular smooth muscle. These results are in agreement with physiological data showing (i) the existence of non-cholinergic (atropine-resistant) vasoconstriction of the gill vasculature after nerve stimulation, and (ii) a potent vasoconstrictory action of infused serotonin. In addition, the above-mentioned serotonergic neurons have synaptic contacts with catecholaminergic nerve fibers, suggesting the existence of a modulatory relationship between the sympathetic and the cranial autonomic nerves supplying the teleost gill. Finally, these neurons show morphological relationships with a previously undescribed type of branchialserotonergic cell. The role of the parasympathetic nerve plexus of the teleost gill filament in the control of respiration and ionoregulation is discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00239455
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Smooth muscles in relation to the gill skeleton of Perca fluviatilis: organization and innervation (1987)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 247 (1987), S. 339-350 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fish gills ; Smooth muscle ; Sympathetic innervation ; Perca fluviatilis (Teleostei)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary Two laminae composed of smooth muscles, elastic tissue and collagen have been described in relation with the gill skeleton in Perca fluviatilis. A transverse smoothmuscle lamina joins the base of the cartilage rods of the two opposite hemibranchs. A longitudinal smooth-muscle lamina runs parallel to the afferent branchial artery and joins the cartilage rods from one filament to the other. In both laminae, the formaldehyde-induced fluorescence technique (Falck-Hillarp) reveals a network of nerve fibers displaying a green fluorescence characteristic of catecholamines. At the ultrastructural level, the presence of nerve endings containing clear and granular vesicles, and the degeneration of these endings after 6-hydroxydopamine treatment confirm the aminergic nature and the sympathetic origin of this innervation. Surgical denervation brings evidence that the innervation of both laminae is supplied by the metatrematic branches of the branchial nerves. The role of these smooth-muscle laminae remains speculative.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218315
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Neurons controlling the gill vasculature in five species of teleosts (1989)
    Springer
    Cell & tissue research 255 (1989), S. 567-573 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0878
    Schlagwort(e): Fish gills ; Vascular innervation ; Parasympathetic innervation ; Sympathetic innervation ; Teleostei (Salmo gairdneri, Ictalurus melas, Sander lucioperca, Perca fluviatilis, Micropterus dolomieui)
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Summary A plexus of nerve fibers encompassing neuronal perikarya is present within the gill filament; it surrounds the proximal portion of the efferent filament artery and the efferent lamellar arterioles. This innervation resembles the pattern described for the area around the sphincter of the efferent filament artery: acetylcholinesterase-positive neurons and fibers, fast-fading yellow-fluorescent neurons and fibers, long-lasting green-fluorescent fibers. In addition, synaptic contacts between the different components suggest functional interrelationships. Nerves evidently control the efferent limb of the filament circulation including the sphincter of the efferent filament arteries, the proximal portion of the efferent filament arteries proper, and their corresponding efferent lamellar arterioles. However, the distal portion of this system is poorly innervated.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00218792
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  • 5
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The sphincter of the efferent filament artery in teleost gills: II. Sympathetic innervation (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 187 (1986), S. 239-246 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: In addition to the cholinergic innervation described in the sphincter of the efferent filament arteries (Bailly and Dunel-Erb, ′86), an aminergic component has been demonstrated by specific techniques. The Falck fluorescence technique reveals a network of nerve fibers displaying a green fluorescence characteristic of catecholamines. At the ultrastructural level two types of fibers are present, one with clear vesicles and another with densecored vesicles. Axo-axonal synaptic relationships exist between the two types. Results of 5- and 6-OHDA (hydroxydopamine) treatments confirm the presence of an aminergic component.These observations support the notion of a dual innervation: cholinergic and adrenergic of, respectively, parasympathetic and sympathetic origin. The presence of presynaptic modulation is suggested. The aminergic component could inhibit or reduce the release of acetylcholine from cholinergic nerve endings. These results suggest that the sympathetic innervation modulates the vasoconstriction effect of the parasympathetic component.
    Zusätzliches Material: 10 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051870209
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  • 6
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    The sphincter of the efferent filament artery in teleost gills: I. Structure and parasympathetic innervation (1986)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Morphology 187 (1986), S. 219-237 
    Details
    ISSN: 0362-2525
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Biologie , Medizin
    Notizen: Previous studies have shown the existence of a sphincter in the efferent filament artery of the teleost gill and its constrictory response to acetylcholine (ACH) and vagal stimulation. This study deals with the muscular organization of this sphincter and the distribution of its innervation as elucidated by degeneration methods and cytochemistry. The sphincter innervation is supplied by the protrematic vagus nerves. Nerve endings filled with cholinergic-type vesicles are located in close association with the adventitial smooth muscle cells and display a strong acetylcholinesterase (ACHE) activity. Section of the protrematic vagus nerve induces a nearly complete degeneration of the sphincter innervation. ACHE-positive nerve cell bodies are present both in the sphincter area and in the protrematic vagus nerve. These results suggest that innervation of the sphincter in the efferent filament artery is cholinergic through the activity of postganglionic axons of the parasympathetic system.
    Zusätzliches Material: 23 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jmor.1051870208
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