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  • 1
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 206 (1965), S. 1011-1013 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Quelle: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Thema: Biologie , Chemie und Pharmazie , Medizin , Allgemeine Naturwissenschaft , Physik
    Notizen: [Auszug] DESPITE the fact that short periods of acute cerebral ischaemia are known to produce a readily controlled and reversible cessation of neural electrical activity, its effectiveness as an agent for the disruption of recent memory has not been widely investigated. This is probably because no suitable ...
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
    Bibliothek Standort Signatur Band/Heft/Jahr Verfügbarkeit
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  • 2
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 37 (1974), S. 169-177 
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Schlagwort(e): Pigs ; Conflict Behaviour ; Non-Reinforcement ; Chlordiazepoxide ; Psychopharmacology
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: Abstract Two groups of four pigs were subjected to a punishment discrimination (conflict) or to a non-reinforcement procedure. Conflict behaviour was evidenced by the suppression of operant responding and the occurrence of a marked decrease in heart rate during the presentation of the conditioned stimulus. Pigs in the non-reinforcement procedure showed no consistent changes in heart rate although an important decrease occurred in response rate. Chlordiazepoxide was administered in order to establish whether it would attenuate the response suppression in either procedure. The drug produced a weak attenuation of conflict in terms of the operant and heart rate responses at the maximum dose used (20 mg/kg) and a small disinhibiting effect on the non-reinforced responding at 10 mg/kg. Such effects were less clear-cut than usually reported in other species.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 3
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 7 (1967), S. 185-200 
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Quelle: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Beschreibung / Inhaltsverzeichnis: Zusammenfassung 14 Schafe wurden einer 4–30 min dauernden cerebralen Ischämie ausgesetzt. Nach vorheriger beidseitiger Ligatur der occipito-vertebralen Anastomosen zwischen Carotis communis und den Vertebralarterien wurde durch gleichzeitige Klipsung beider Carotiden die Ischämie herbeigeführt. Die klinischen Erscheinungen, die dem Kollaps folgten, bestanden in: Defäkation, abnormer Atmung, die in einigen Fällen von wiederholten Apnoeanfällen unterbrochen wurde, sowie Verlust der Augenreflexe. Bei allen Tieren entwickelte sich ein Zustand ähnlich der Enthirnungsstarre. 1 Tier starb nach 17 min dauernder cerebraler Ischämie. Die Schnelligkeit und der Grad der Erholung der Schafe nach erfolgter Wiederherstellung der Schädelzirkulation war umgekehrt proportional zur Dauer der cerebralen Ischämie. 24 Std nach der ischämischen Episode erschienen 6 Schafe voll wiederhergestellt, 5 boten noch Blindheit und Ataxie, 1 blieb liegen und war comatös. Inden Gehirnen von Schafen, die kürzer als 10 min der Behandlung unterworfen waren, fanden sich keine Veränderungen. Länger dauernde cerebrale Ischämie bewirkte Nervenzellveränderungen, die zuerst im Striatum und/oder in der Hirnrinde, später auch in Hippocampus, Thalamus und Kleinhirn erschienen. Die Art und Verteilung der Hirnläsionen war ähnlich den bei anderen Tierarten beschriebenen. Die Wirksamkeit der Methode zur Erzeugung kompletter cerebraler Ischämie und verschiedener Aspekte der im Schafhirn gefundenen ischämischen Läsionen werden erörtert.
    Notizen: Summary Fourteen sheep were subjected to periods of cerebral ischaemia varying from 4–30 min. After prior bilateral ligation of the occipito-vertebral anastomoses linking the common carotid and vetebral arteries, ischaemia was induced by simultaneous clamping of both common carotic arteries resected into cutaneous loops. The clinical signs following collapse were: defaecation, abnormal breathing, in some cases interrupted by repeated periods of apnoea, and loss of ocular reflexes. In all a state resembling decerebrate rigidity developed. One animal died after 17 min of cerebral ischaemia. The rapidity and degree of recovery of the sheep following restoration of the cephalic circulation was inversely proportional to the duration of cerebral ischaemia. Twenty four hours after the ischaemic episode six sheep appeared to have fully recovered, five still showed signs of blindness and ataxia, and one was recumbent and comatose. No lesions were found in brains of sheep subjected to the method for up to 10 min. Longer cerebral ischaemia produced neuronal changes which were first apparent in the striatum and/or cerebral cortex, later also in the hippocampus, thalamus and cerebellum. The nature and the distribution of the brain lesions were similar to those observed by other workers in other species. The efficacy of the method for producing complete cerebral ischaemia and various aspects of ischaemic lesions found in the brain of sheep are discussed.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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  • 4
    Digitale Medien
    Digitale Medien
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    American Journal of Anatomy 115 (1964), S. 101-117 
    ISSN: 0002-9106
    Schlagwort(e): Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Quelle: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Thema: Medizin
    Notizen: By means of neoprene latex injected preparations, the anatomy of the arterial supply to the brain has been determined in the sheep and ox. In these two ruminant species, blood destined for the Circle of Willis and thence the brain must first pass through a well-developed intra-cranial carotid rete. The main source of blood supply to the carotid rete in the sheep is from the external carotid artery, via branches of the internal maxillary artery.In both the sheep and the ox, the internal carotid artery is poorly developed in the young animal and the portion proximal to the carotid rete is absent in the adult. The internal carotid artery, in animals of all ages, can be traced through the rete to emerge as the efferent vessel, which divides to form the Circle of Willis.In the ox, the main source of blood supply to the intra-cranial carotid rete is the external carotid artery, via branches of the internal maxillary, but, in addition, the rete communicates directly with the vertebral arteries by way of the basi-occipital arterial plexus.Unlike most other species, the basilar artery in both sheep and ox has only tenuous connections with the vertebrals. In both species, the basilar artery tapers caudally and is continued as the ventral spinal artery. The basilar can therefore be regarded as a caudally directed branch of the Circle of Willis in both these animals. A well-developed occipito-vertebral anastomosis is a marked feature of the cephalic circulation in both sheep and ox.
    Zusätzliches Material: 2 Ill.
    Materialart: Digitale Medien
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