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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical Medicine and Metabolic Biology 52 (1994), S. 140-144 
    ISSN: 0885-4505
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Analytical Biochemistry 194 (1991), S. 259-267 
    ISSN: 0003-2697
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 67 (1996), S. 3788-3794 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: An investigation is performed on the characteristics of the self-referencing resonant fiber optic intensity based sensor supported by a Mach–Zehnder topology. Both transmissive and reflective configurations are analyzed. Via the definition of the measurement parameter (R parameter) the linearity and sensitivity of the sensor are addressed. Theoretical and experimental results are compared. The problem of sensor design is under consideration. © 1996 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 2988-2988 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Six infrared cameras measure temperature changes on the protective graphite armor inside the DIII-D vacuum vessel. Simultaneous time-dependent temperature measurements are made on armor tiles located on the centerpost and divertor regions, and on both outboard limiters. The nearly complete poloidal coverage is useful in measuring both the plasma heat flux distributions inside the vessel and the plasma power balance. Spatial resolution of each camera system is (approximately-less-than)1 cm, while the minimum resolvable time is 125 μs. Data from the IR TV systems are recorded on video tape, and are post-processed serially, using an image processor with an AT-compatible microcomputer. The processing system controls all VCRs, interprets DIII-D timing pulses, digitizes video data in the predetermined regions of interest, averages digitized signals to reduce noise, and constructs data files which are then stored as part of the permanent shot record.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 61 (1990), S. 3557-3561 
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: Six infrared cameras measure temperature changes on the protective graphite armor inside the DIII-D vacuum vessel. Simultaneous time-dependent temperature measurements are made on armor tiles located on the centerpost and divertor regions, and on both outboard limiters. The nearly complete poloidal coverage is useful in measuring both the plasma heat flux distributions inside the vessel and the plasma power balance. Spatial resolution of each camera system is (approximately-less-than)1 cm, while the minimum resolvable time is 125 μs. Data from the IR TV systems are recorded on video tape, and are post-processed serially, using an image processor with an AT-compatible microcomputer. The processing system controls all VCRs, interprets DIII-D timing pulses, digitizes video data in the predetermined regions of interest, averages digitized signals to reduce noise, and constructs data files which are then stored as part of the permanent shot record.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 85 (1999), S. 2312-2317 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The characteristics of the diffuse phase transition of Pb(Fe2/3W1/3)O3 relaxor ceramics doped with different amounts of Mn are investigated. The freezing temperature Tf, obtained by fitting the ω,Tmax to the Vogel–Fulcher relationship, clearly changes with the Mn content. It increases as the Mn content increases, approaching the Tmax(1 MHz) value of the relaxor curve. A concomitant decrease in the frequency dispersion of Tmax is also observed. The freezing temperature also increases as the 1:1 order of Fe3+ and W6+on B sites increases by air annealing but decreases by oxygen annealing. It is suggested that the Mn ions, which are predominantly compensated by oxygen vacancies, form with them defect pairs and that these pairs can couple to the spontaneous polarization vectors, increasing the correlation between the dipole moments and originating the increase of the freezing temperature. It is further suggested that filling up the oxygen vacancies by oxygen annealing will decrease the defect pairs and cause the opposite effect. © 1999 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 662-664 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Ferroelectric materials with Bi-layered structure such as SrBi2Ta2O9 and SrBi2Nb2O9 are now intensively investigated in view of their applications in nonvolatile computer memories and high-temperature piezoelectric transducers. When Sr2+ is substituted with Ba2+, a significant disorder is induced and the material exhibits broadening of the phase transition. Such broadening is essential for applications since it allows achieving smooth temperature characteristics while maintaining high dielectric and piezoelectric properties. In this work, stoichiometric dense BaBi2Nb2O9 (BBN) ceramics are sintered using a mixed oxide route. Dielectric and ferroelectric properties are investigated in a broad range of temperatures and frequencies. Strong dispersion of the complex relative dielectric permittivity is observed including typical relaxor features such as shift of the permittivity maximum with frequency and broadening of the relaxation time spectrum with decreasing temperature. The dielectric relaxation obeys the Vögel–Fulcher relationship with anomalously low freezing temperature (Tf(approximate)100 K), which is much lower than the permittivity maximum in the radio-frequency range. Polarization hysteresis loops testify linear properties of BBN at all temperatures above Tf. The properties of BBN ceramics are compared to conventional relaxor systems such as Pb(Mg, Nb)O3 and (Pb, La)(Zr, Ti)O3. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 79 (2001), S. 2055-2057 
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Photosensitive ferroelectric materials exhibit various photoferroelectric phenomena due to the strong influence of nonequilibrium charge carriers on polarization and phase transition. These phenomena are essential for a number of applications including photodriven actuators and sensitive photodetectors. In this work, the effect of UV illumination on dielectric and piezoelectric properties is investigated in lead zirconate titanate (PZT) thin films, which are currently the most promising material for microactuator applications. The effective piezoelectric coefficient (d33) and dielectric permittivity (ε) of PZT films are simultaneously measured under a weak ac electric field during illumination with a band gap light (λ=280–400 nm). It is shown that both d33 and ε decrease under UV illumination. The reduction of permittivity, however, is much smaller than that of d33 and demonstrates a much slower time relaxation. The d33 decrease is attributed to the reduction of average remanent polarization under the UV light. Thus a direct effect of the photoactive light on ferroelectric polarization is observed under essentially nondestructive (weak-field) conditions. The origin of the observed effect is discussed along with the possible implications for thin-film devices. © 2001 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 84 (1998), S. 983-986 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Temperature and frequency dependence of the real (ε′) and imaginary (ε″) parts of the dielectric permittivity of Ba(Ti1−yYy)O3 (0.028≤y≤0.258) ceramic samples were studied in the temperature range 12–500 K at 102, 103, and 104, and 105 Hz. The permittivity peaks are rounded and frequency dispersive when y〉0.028. The maximum of the rounded peak (εm′) decreases with an increase in the yttrium concentration. The temperature corresponding to the permittivity maximum is linearly shifted to lower temperatures at a rate of 29 K per molar percent of yttrium when y≤0.122, but it remains constant when y≥0.122. The solid solubility limit of 0.122 is confirmed. Typical relaxor behavior was observed and characterized with empirical parameters in Ba(Ti1−yYy)O3 solid solutions. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 83 (1998), S. 4874-4877 
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The (Sr1−1.5xBix)TiO3 (0.0133≤x≤0.133) ceramic system reveals several sets of dielectric permittivity peaks in different temperature ranges. Dielectric permittivity and dielectric loss peaks were detected in the temperature range 500–800 K and in the present article the dielectric polarization behavior is presented and discussed. The activation energy of the dielectric relaxation is in the range of 0.99–1.12 eV. It is suggested that the permittivity peaks are related to the movement of oxygen ions or oxygen vacancies. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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