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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Numerical Simulation of Induction Heating of Aluminum Alloy Billets (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 133-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: In this work, a numerical model for induction heating is proposed. The heating processconsiders only interaction of electromagnetic effects and heat transfer, and is represented by anunsteady heat diffusion equation. The numerical simulation of the process is performed using afinite volume method in which the induction heating is represented by a volumetric heat sourceterm. The heat source term is evaluated analytically using principles based on Faraday’s and Biot-Savart laws. The technique is applied to the case of induction heating of a cylindrical A356aluminum alloy billet. The model predicts magnetic flux density and temperature distribution duringthe heating process. The effects of process parameters, such as frequency and current density, on thetemperature distribution are also studied. The results show that nearly uniform distribution oftemperature can be achieved when the billet is heated slowly with low frequency and low supplycurrent density
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.133.pdf
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches in pigs differ in their postnatal development (1996)
    Springer
    Anatomy and embryology 195 (1996), S. 41-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0568
    Keywords: Key words Lymphocyte subsets ; Nutrition ; Peyer’s patch morphology ; Postnatal development ; Pig
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract  The postnatal development of the jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches was studied before and after weaning in 1-, 1.5- and 2-month-old pigs. The follicles of the jejunal Peyer’s patches grew with age and were two times longer and wider in specified pathogen-free and conventional pigs than in germ-free animals, thus indicating an influence of the living microbial antigens from the gut lumen. In germ-free pigs the size of the ileal Peyer’s patch follicles increased between the 1st and 2nd month, whereas in the specified pathogen-free and conventional animals these follicles were comparable in size in all three age groups. In 1- to 1.5-month-old pigs the interfollicular area of jejunal Peyer’s patches was wider (0.1 ± 0.04 mm) than that of the ileal Peyer’s patch (0.04 ± 0.03 mm). Immunohistological studies showed that in germ-free pigs preferentially surface IgM+ but few IgA+ B cells were present in the follicles, domes and dome epithelia. In specified pathogen-free and conventional pigs the B cells expressed different levels of surface or cytoplasmic IgM or IgA. In all groups studied, more T cells were observed in the jejunal than in the ileal Peyer’s patch. Here, few T lymphocytes were found because of the small interfollicular areas. Small numbers of Null cells were distributed in the interfollicular regions of all animals. The results show that living microbial antigens have a major influence on the jejunal and ileal Peyer’s patches in pigs. The morphological differences between the two types of Peyer’s patches are an indication that they develop differently during postnatal life. So far it remains unclear whether these morphological differences reflect a specific function of the pig’s ileal Peyer’s patch, such as the expansion of the genetically determined B cell repertoire as has been reported for sheep.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004290050023
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Rheological Behavior of Semi-Solid Slurry of A356 Alloy at High Shear and Cooling Rates (2008)
    s.l. ; Stafa-Zurich, Switzerland
    Solid state phenomena Vol. 141-143 (July 2008), p. 409-414 
    Details
    ISSN: 1662-9779
    Source: Scientific.Net: Materials Science & Technology / Trans Tech Publications Archiv 1984-2008
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The rheological behavior of semisolid aluminium alloy (A356) slurry is investigated byusing a concentric cylinder viscometer under high cooling rate (30 to 50°C/min) and high shear rate(650 to 1500s-1) conditions. Two different series of experiments are carried out. In all of theseexperiments, the pellets of A356 alloy are poured into the outer cylinder where they melt completelyby resistance heating. When the inner cylinder is placed concentrically, the molten metal resides inthe annular space between the cylinders. As the inner cylinder rotates, the alloy is shearedcontinuously during cooling from a temperature of 630°C, and a slurry forms. In the first series ofexperiments, for different cooling rates, shearing continues under a constant shear rate until rotationof the inner cylinder stops. During experiments, the temperature of the slurry is measuredcontinuously using a K-type thermocouple, from which the solid fraction is calculated. In the secondseries of experiments, the molten alloy is cooled and sheared continuously at different shear ratesfor a given cooling rate. The apparent viscosity of the slurry is calculated by measuring the torqueapplied to the inner cylinder and its rotational speed. The results show that the slurry viscosityincreases with increasing fraction of solid and increasing cooling rate, and it decreases withincreasing shear rate. At high values of shear and cooling rates, the viscosity varies gradually up to asolid fraction of about 0.5
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://www.tib-hannover.de/fulltexts/2011/0528/02/24/transtech_doi~10.4028%252Fwww.scientific.net%252FSSP.141-143.409.pdf
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue in goats (1996)
    Springer
    Lung 174 (1996), S. 127-131 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1750
    Keywords: Bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue ; Development ; Goat ; Pneumonia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Development of bronchus-associated lymphoid tissue (BALT) was studied in clinically healthy and diseased Assam local goats. Animals were sacrificed before term as well as at different postnatal periods to screen lung sections for the presence of BALT. In a retrospective study sections prepared from pneumonic lungs were examined for any alteration of BALT. No BALT-like structure was found in neonatal goats. Bronchial lymphoid structures appeared in half of the animals from 1 month of age onward. The frequency of the BALT/4.5 cm2 of lung section ranged from one to two in 1-month-old and three to six in 1-year-old goats. In pneumonic lungs BALT became hyperplastic, and the size was also increased. The incidence of BALT was increased in lungs with fibrotic pneumonia. The number of BALT/section was high (five to eight/4.5-cm2 area) in mesenchymal cell proliferation. The present study shows that BALT did not develop in prenatal periods. But in the presence of potent antigens lymphoid aggregates appeared in the bronchial lamina propria of normal and diseased lungs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00177706
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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