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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Recreational Value of Cley Marshes Nature Reserve: An Argument Against Managed Retreat? (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Water and environment journal 12 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1747-6593
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: In the shoreline management plan for the coast of North Norfolk (England), managed retreat has been identified as the most preferable option for the Cley Marshes nature reserve. In general, arguments in favour of managed retreat are (i) opportunities for nature restoration and development, (ii) economic efficiency, and (iii) enhanced resilience to environmental stress and shock. However, with respect to the Cley reserve, recent floods have shown that increased salinity is likely to decrease its natural value, while this study shows that the economic-efficiency criterion is not valid either.This paper discusses the application of contingent valuation and travel-cost methods on data collected by interviews of 160 visitors to the reserve, which has provided estimates of the annual recreational value of the site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1747-6593.1998.tb00186.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A meta-analysis of wetland contingent valuation studies (1999)
    Springer
    Regional environmental change 1 (1999), S. 47-57 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-378X
    Keywords: Key words Meta-analysis ; Contingent valuation ; Wetlands ; Ecosystem functions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract There is growing interest in the potential for producing generally applicable models for valuing non-market environmental services which do not rely upon expensive and time-consuming survey work, but rather extrapolate results from previous studies. This paper presents a meta-analysis for the use and non-use values generated by wetlands across North America and Europe. The study assesses the socio-economic values attributable to the hydrological, biogeochemical and ecological functions provided by such complex environmental assets. The clustering of multiple values derived from single studies is examined through the application of multilevel modelling methods allowing for the hierarchical structure of such data.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101130050007
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The impact of measurement assumptions upon individual travel cost estimates of consumer surplus: a GIS analysis (1999)
    Springer
    Regional environmental change 1 (1999), S. 24-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-378X
    Keywords: Key words Travel cost ; Centroids ; Geographical information system (GIS) ; Recreation ; Woodland
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract The individual travel cost method is one of the most commonly applied approaches to estimating the recreational value (or `consumer surplus') of open-access sites where the visitor does not have to pay an entrance charge for using the area. This paper presents a simple application of the method conducted using geographical information system (GIS) software. This approach permits analysis of the impact of various, commonly used, assumptions concerning the definition of visitor outset origins and routing to recreation sites. Results suggest that varying these assumptions can lead to substantial impacts upon estimates of consumer surplus to the extent that previously published studies may be subject to substantial error.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s101130050005
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The relationship between socio-economic indicators and air pollution in England and Wales: implications for environmental justice (2000)
    Springer
    Regional environmental change 1 (2000), S. 78-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1436-378X
    Keywords: Key words Air pollution ; Environmental justice ; Multilevel modelling
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Energy, Environment Protection, Nuclear Power Engineering
    Notes: Abstract This paper investigates the distribution of three common air pollutants, sulphur dioxide, nitrogen dioxide and fine particulates (PM10), in England and Wales with respect to social class, ethnicity and population density. A multilevel model is used to demonstrate regional differences in the social distribution of pollution. The results show that, allowing for ethnicity and population density, there are different relationships between socio-economic status and exposure to air pollution within different regions in England and Wales. These differences suggest that national legislation introduced to reduce air pollution levels may give rise to environmental injustice, with geographical and social differences in the costs and benefits arising to the population due to such legislation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00011536
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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