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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Interactions of a variety of lipoxygenase inhibitors with a supplementary binding site on soybean lipoxygenase (1985)
    Springer
    Inflammation research 16 (1985), S. 63-65 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-908X
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Studies on the combined effects of a variety of lipoxygenase inhibitors and cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors revealed strong evidence for the existence of supplementary binding sites on lipoxygenases which modify the reactions of inhibitors with the catalytic site of the enzyme. Independent of their low or non-existent inhibitory reaction at the catalytic site, compounds which interact more effectively with this putative supplementary site are capable of blunting the inhibitory efficacy of potent lipoxygenase inhibitors. Although the degree of interaction with the catalytic site determines the potency of inhibitors, an additional reaction at the supplementary site is also obligatory for inhibitory efficacy. We found that potent lipoxygenase inhibitors possess high affinities for both sites, whereas weak inhibitors and suitable cyclo-oxygenase inhibitors interact predominantly with the supplementary site on the lipoxygenase and possess low or negligible affinities for its catalytic site.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01999651
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The Tryptophan Biosynthetic Pathway of Aphid Endosymbionts (Buchnera): Genetics and Evolution of Plasmid-Associated Anthranilate Synthase (trpEG) Within the Aphididae (1996)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 42 (1996), S. 414-421 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words: Aphid —Buchnera aphidicola— Cospeciation — Endosymbiosis — Mutualism — Tryptophan biosynthesis —trpEG—trpB— Gene amplification — Plasmid evolution
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The bacterial endosymbionts (Buchnera) from the aphids Rhopalosiphum padi, R. maidis, Schizaphis graminum, and Acyrthosiphon pisum contain the genes for anthranilate synthase (trpEG) on plasmids made up of one or more 3.6-kb units. Anthranilate synthase is the first as well as the rate-limiting enzyme in the tryptophan biosynthetic pathway. The amplification of trpEG on plasmids may result in an increase of enzyme protein and overproduction of this essential amino acid, which is required by the aphid host. The nucleotide sequence of trpEG from endosymbionts of different species of aphids is highly conserved, as is an approximately 500-bp upstream DNA segment which has the characteristics of an origin of replication. Phylogenetic analyses were performed using trpE and trpG from the endosymbionts of these four aphids as well as from the endosymbiont of Schlechtendalia chinensis, in which trpEG occurs on the chromosome. The resulting phylogeny was congruent with trees derived from sequences of two chromosome-located bacterial genes (part of trpB and 16S ribosomal DNA). In turn, trees obtained from plasmid-borne and bacterial chromosome-borne sequences were congruent with the tree resulting from phylogenetic analysis of three aphid mitochondrial regions (portions of the small and large ribosomal DNA subunits, as well as cytochrome oxidase II). Congruence of trees based on genes from host mitochondria and from bacteria adds to previous support for exclusively vertical transmission of the endosymbionts within aphid lineages. Congruence with trees based on plasmid-borne genes supports the origin of the plasmid-borne trpEG from the chromosomal genes of the same lineage and the absence of subsequent plasmid exchange among endosymbionts of different species of aphids.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006069
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetic Characterization of Plasmids Containing Genes Encoding Enzymes of Leucine Biosynthesis in Endosymbionts (Buchnera) of Aphids (1999)
    Springer
    Journal of molecular evolution 48 (1999), S. 77-85 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1432
    Keywords: Key words:Buchnera— Endosymbionts —Schizaphis graminum—Diuraphis noxia— Leucine biosynthesis — Plasmid amplification
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract. The prokaryotic endosymbionts (Buchnera) of aphids are known to provision their hosts with amino acids that are limiting in the aphid diet. Buchnera from the aphids Schizaphis graminum and Diuraphis noxia have plasmids containing leuABCD, genes that encode enzymes of the leucine biosynthetic pathway, as well as genes encoding proteins probably involved in plasmid replication (repA1 and repA2) and an open reading frame (ORF1) of unknown function. The newly reported plasmids closely resemble a plasmid previously described in Buchnera of the aphid Rhopalosiphum padi [Bracho AM, Martínez-Torres D, Moya A, Latorre A (1995) J Mol Evol 41:67–73]. Nucleotide sequence comparisons indicate conserved regions which may correspond to an origin of replication and two promoters, as well as inverted repeats, one of which resembles a rho-independent terminator. Phylogenetic analyses based on amino acid sequences of leu gene products and ORF1 resulted in trees identical to those obtained from endosymbiont chromosomal genes and the plasmid-borne trpEG. These results are consistent with a single evolutionary origin of the leuABCD-containing plasmid in a common ancestor of Aphididae and the lack of plasmid exchange between endosymbionts of different aphid species. Trees for ORF1 and repA (based on both nucleotides and amino acids) are used to examine the basis for leu plasmid differences between Buchnera of Thelaxes suberi and Aphididae. The most plausible explanation is that a single transfer of the leu genes to an ancestral replicon was followed by rearrangements. The related replicon in Buchnera of Pemphigidae, which lacks leuABCD, appears to represent the ancestral condition, implying that the plasmid location of the leu genes arose after the Pemphigidae diverged from other aphid families. This conclusion parallels previously published observations for the unrelated trpEG plasmid, which is present in Aphididae and absent in Pemphigidae. Recruitment of amino acid biosynthetic genes to plasmids has been ongoing in Buchnera lineages after the infection of aphid hosts.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/PL00006447
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Studies of relationship among terrestrial Pseudomonas, Alcaligenes, and enterobacteria by an immunological comparison of glutamine synthetase (1978)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 119 (1978), S. 25-30 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Glutamine synthetase ; Bacterial evolution ; Pseudomonas ; Alcaligenes ; Acintobacter ; Enterobacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Antibody to purified glutamine synthetase from Escherichia coli was prepared and used for an immunological comparison of glutamine synthetases from species of Salmonella, Citrobacter, Enterobacter, Serratia, Proteus, Erwinia, Aeromonas, Pseudomonas, Acinetobacter, Xanthomonas, Alcaligenes, and Paracoccus. The results of Ouchterlony double diffusion experiments and quantitative microcomplement fixation studies indicated that the amino acid sequence of this enzyme was highly conserved in different organisms. The order of relationship to E. coli was found to be similar to that derived from immunological investigations of other enzymes. In addition, congruence was observed between ribosomal RNA homology and the results of the microcomplement fixation experiments. The results also suggested that some species of Alcaligenes were more closely related to species of Pseudomonas than to each other. Immunological comparisons of glutamine synthetases appear to be very useful for the elucidation of relationships among distantly related species and genera.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00407923
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships of superoxide dismutases and glutamine synthetases from marine species of Alteromonas, Oceanospirillum, Pseudomonas and Deleya (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 138 (1984), S. 170-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Superoxide dismutase ; Glutamine synthetase ; Evolution ; Marine bacteria ; Alcaligenes ; Alteromonas ; Deleya ; Oceanospirillum ; Pseudomonas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Evolutionary relationships among marine species assigned to the genera Alteromonas, Oceanospirillum, Pseudomonas, and Alcaligenes were determined by an immunological study of their Fe-containing superoxide dismutases (FeSOD) and glutamine synthetases (GS), two enzymes with differentially conserved amino acid sequences which are useful for determining intermediate and distant relationships, respectively. Five reference antisera were prepared against the FeSODs from Alteromonas macleodii, A. haloplanktis, Oceanospirillum commune, Pseudomonas stanieri, and Deleya pacifica. For GS, a previously prepared antiserum to the enzyme from Escherichia coli was employed. Amino acid sequence similarities for both enzymes were determined by the quantitative microcomplement fixation technique and the Ouchterlony double diffusion procedure. Six evolutionary groups were detected by FeSOD sequence similarities: three subgroups within the genus Alteromonas, the genera Oceanospirillum and Pseudomonas, and a new genus, Deleya (to accommodate marine Alcaligenes). Only four groupings were delineated by the GS data: the latter three genera and one group composed of all the species of Alteromonas. Evidence that all of these subgroups are derived from the evolutionary lineage defined by the purple sulfur photosynthetic bacteria is presented.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00413018
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathways of d-fructose catabolism in species of Pseudomonas (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 112 (1977), S. 49-55 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Pseudomonas ; d-fructose catabolism ; P-cholpyruvate: d-fructose phosphotransferase ; 1-Phosphofructokinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell-free extracts of d-fructose grown cells of Pseudomonas putida, P. fluorescens, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, P. mendocina, P. acidovorans and P. maltophila catalyzed a P-enolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of d-fructose and contained 1-P-fructokinase activity suggesting that in these species fructuse-1-P and fructose-1,6-P2 were intermediates of d-fructose catabolism. Neither the 1-P-fructokinase nor the activity catalyzing a P-enolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of d-fructose was present in significant amounts in succinate-grown cells indicating that both activities were inducible. Cell-free extracts also contained activities of fructose-1,6-P2 aldolase, fructose-1,6-P2 phosphatase, and P-hexose isomerase which could convert fructose-1,6-P2 to intermediates of either the Embden-Meyerhof pathway or Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Radiolabeling experiments with 1-14C-d-fructose suggested that in P. putida, P. aeruginosa, P. stutzeri, and P. acidovorans most of the alanine was made via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway with a minor portion being made via the Embden-meyerhof pathway. An edd - mutant of P. putida which lacked a functional Entner-Doudoroff pathway but was able to grow on d-fructose appeared to make alanine solely via the Embden-Meyerhof pathway.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00446653
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evolutionary relationships in Vibrio and Photobacterium as determined by immunological studies of superoxide dismutase (1981)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 130 (1981), S. 111-120 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Evolution ; Vibrio ; Photobacterium ; Alteromonas ; Aeromonas ; Marine bacteria ; Superoxide dismutase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The amino acid sequence divergence of superoxide dismutases (SODs) from 22 species and five groups of Vibrio, Photobacterium, and a number of related organisms was determined by means of the microcomplement fixation technique and the Ouchterlony double diffusion procedure. Five reference antisera were used which had been prepared against the purified SODs from V. alginolyticus, V. splendidus II, V. fischeri, V. cholerae, and P. leiognathi. With a few exceptions the results were in agreement with past studies of other informational molecules and provided a comprehensive overview of evolutionary relationships in Vibrio and Photobacterium. The genus Vibrio was found to consist of a major group of primarily marine species which included V. fischeri, V. logei, V. splendidus, V. pelagius, V. nereis, V. campbellii, V. harveyi, V. natriegens, V. alginolyticus, V. parahaemolyticus, V. proteolyticus, V. fluvialis, V. vulnificus, V. nigripulchritudo, and V. anguillarum. On the outskirts of this large and relatively heterogeneous group were the fresh water and estuarine species V. cholerae and V. metschnikovii as well as the marine species V. gazogenes. A considerable distance from Vibrio were the related species of Photobacterium: P. phosphoreum, P. leiognathi, and P. angustum. Both genera were distant from species of Aeromonas as well as from Plesiomonas shigelloides, Escherichia coli, and Alteromonas hanedai, a luminous strict aerobe. The agreement between these and previous studies of evolution of informational molecules in Vibrio and Photobacterium is best explained by vertical evolution (involving no genetic exchange between species) rather than by its opposite — horizontal evolution.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00411061
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Catabolism of d-fructose and d-ribose by Pseudomonas doudoroffii (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 105 (1975), S. 225-240 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: d-Fructose catabolism ; d-Ribose catabolism ; Marine bacteria
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract 1. Pseudomonas doudoroffii, a strict aerobe of marine origin, was able to utilize fructose and ribose but not glucose, gluconate, or other hexoses, pentoses, or sugar alcohols as sole sources of carbon and energy. Evidence was presented indicating that in this organism fructose was utilized via an inducible P-enolpyruvate: fructose phosphotransferase system (FPTS) which catalyzed the phosphorylation of fructose in the 1 position. The resulting fructose-1-P (F-1-P) was converted to fructose-1,6-P2 (FDP) by means of an inducible 1-P-fructokinase (1-PFK). The subsequent conversion of FDP to pyruvate involved enzymes of the Embden-Meyerhof pathway (EMP) which, with the exception of glyceraldehyde-3-P dehydrogenase (G3PDH), were constitutive. Two G3PDH activities were detected, one of which was inducible and NAD-dependent while the other was constitutive and NADP-dependent. Cell-free extracts of P. doudoroffii also contained enzymes of the methylglyoxal pathway (MGP) which converted dihydroxyacetone-P to pyruvate. The low specific activities of enzymes of this pathway as compared to the EMP suggested that the major route of FDP catabolism was via the latter pathway. 2. Ribose catabolism appeared to involve an inducible uptake system and an inducible ribokinase, the resulting ribose-5-P being converted to glyceraldehyde-3-P and fructose-6-P (F-6-P) by means of constitutive activities of the pentose-P pathway. The F-6-P formed as a result of these reactions was converted to FDP by means of a constitutive 6-P-fructokinase (6-PFK). Since no activity converting fructose or F-1-P to F-6-P could be detected in cell-free extracts of P. doudoroffii, the results suggested that fructose and ribose were catabolized via 1-PFK and 6-PFK, respectively, the two pathways converging at the level of FDP. Further evidence for this suggestion was obtained from a mutant which lacked an NAD-dependent G3PDH, accumulated FDP from both fructose and ribose, and was not able to grow on either of these compounds. 3. Ribose grown cells had increased amounts of the fructose uptake system and 1-PFK suggesting that a compound (or compounds) common to the catabolism of both fructose and ribose acted as the inducer(s) of these activities. Evidence was presented suggesting that the probable inducer(s) of 1-PFK and FPTS could be FDP, glyceraldehyde-3-P, or dihydroxyacetone-P. 4. A mutant unable to grow on fructose was characterized and found to lack FPTS while retaining 1-PFK and other enzyme activities of the EMP and MGP, indicating that a functional FPTS was essential for growth on fructose and suggesting that all or most of this sugar was catabolized via F-1-P.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00447141
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pathways of d-fructose and d-glucose catabolism in marine species of Alcaligenes, Pseudomonas marina, and Alteromonas communis (1977)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 112 (1977), S. 169-172 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: Marine bacteria ; Alcaligenes ; Pseudomonas marina ; Alteromonas communis ; d-fructose catabolism ; d-glucose catabolism ; 1-P-fructokinase ; PPi-dependent 6-P-fructokinase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell-free extracts of d-fructose grown cells of marine species of Alcaligenes as well as Pseudomonas marina contained an activity which catalyzed a P-enolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of d-fructose in the 1-position as well as activities of the following enzymes: 1-P-fructokinase, fructose-1,6-P2 aldolase, PPi-dependent 6-P-fructokinase, fructokinase, glucokinase, P-hexose isomerase, glucose-6-P dehydrogenase, 6-P-gluconate dehydrase, and 2-keto-3-deoxy-6-P-gluconate aldolase. The presence of these enzyme activities would allow d-fructose to be degraded by the Embden-Meyerhof pathway and/or the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. In cell-free extracts of d-glucose grown cells, the activity catalyzing a P-enolpyruvate-dependent phosphorylation of d-fructose as well as 1-P-fructokinase activity were reduced or absent while the remaining enzymes were present at levels similar to those found in d-fructose grown cells. Radiolabeling experiments suggested that both d-fructose and d-glucose were utilized primarily via the Entner-Doudoroff pathway. Alteromonas communis, a marine species lacking 1-P-fructokinase and the PPi-dependent 6-P-fructokinase, contained all the enzyme activities necessary for the catabolism of d-fructose and d-glucose by the Entner-Doudoroff pathway; the involvement of this pathway was also consistent with the results of the radiolabeling experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00429331
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Enzymes of d-fructose catabolism in species of Beneckea and Photobacterium (1975)
    Springer
    Archives of microbiology 103 (1975), S. 205-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-072X
    Keywords: d-Fructose Catabolism ; Marine Bacteria ; Beneckea ; Photobacterium
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Cell-free extracts of strains representative of the genera Beneckea and Photobacterium catalyzed a P-enol-pyruvate dependent phosphorylation of d-fructose. The resulting product, fructose-1-P, was converted to fructose-1,6-P2 by 1-P-fructokinase. Both activities were inducible, being present in d-fructose-grown cells and reduced or absent in d-gluconate- (or succinate-) grown cells.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00436351
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