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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 24 (1985), S. 331-350 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; initial stages ; reactive element addition ; oxide grain growth
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Structural Fe-Cr-Ni alloys rely upon a thermally formed, protective, surface oxide scale to prevent rapid corrosive degradation. The protective capacity of the surface scale may be strongly influenced by the alloy composition, with minor additions of reactive elements playing an important role in the initial stages of scale formation. The influence of an addition of Zr on initial scale growth on an Fe-Cr-Ni alloy has been investigated in situ utilizing an environmental cell incorporated into a high-voltage electron microscope. Oxidation experiments were conducted on a pure ternary Fe-Cr-Ni alloy and one containing 6 wt.% Zr for durations up to 1800 s. At 500°C in a low oxygen-partialpressure environment, a continuous surface oxide layer formed more quickly on the Zr-free alloy than on the Zr-modified alloy. Also, on the Zr-modified alloy, the scale was richer in Cr, and the rate of increase in oxide grain size was also greater.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Oxidation of metals 31 (1989), S. 305-323 
    ISSN: 1573-4889
    Keywords: oxidation ; sulfidation ; Fe-Cr-Ni alloys ; Nb addition ; Zn addition ; breakaway corrosion ; mixed-gas atmospheres
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Structural Fe-Cr-Ni alloys may be rapidly degraded in oxygen-sulfur mixed-gas environments at elevated temperatures unless protective oxide scales can be formed and maintained. The breakaway corrosion process was examined in model alloys of Fe-25wt.% Cr-20wt.% Ni with and without Nb and Zr additions. Oxide scales were preformed in S-free environments and subsequently exposed to oxygen-sulfur mixed-gas atmospheres. Preformed scales were found to delay the onset of breakaway corrosion. The beneficial effects of refractory metal additions were achieved via formation of a barrier layer at the Cr2O3 alloy interface.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 34 (1983), S. 446-450 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Silicium und Yttrium auf die isothermische Verzunderung einer austenitischen FeCrNi-Legierung (IN 519) bei 1000 °CSowohl Silizium als auch Yttrium beeinflussen das Verzunderungsverhalten von austenitischen FeCrNi-Legierungen in Luft hoher Temperatur. Silizium fördert die Bildung und Erhaltung eines kontinuierlichen Chromoxidzunders, während Yttrium die Haftfestigkeit der Zunderschicht erhöht. Unter isothermischen Bedingungen wird bei 1000°C durch mindestens 0,8% Silizium die Verzunderungsgeschwindigkeit der Gießlegierung Fe 24Cr24Ni dadurch verringert, daß zusätzliche Zentren für die seitliche Ausbreitung der Chromoxidschicht geschaffen werden. Yttrium führt zur Bildung von Fe9Y-Teilchen, welche die Kontinuität der Chromoxidschicht unterbrechen. Der günstige Einfluß des Siliziums überwiegt bei den potentiell schädlichen Wirkungen des Yttriums in Legierungen, die beide Elemente enthalten.
    Notes: When present in austenitic Fe-Cr-Ni alloys, both silicon and yttrium influence scaling behaviour during oxidation tests in air at high temperatures. The former promotes the formation and maintenance of a continuous Cr2O3 scale and the latter improves scale adhesion. During the isothermal exposure of nominally Fe + 24%Cr + 24%Ni east alloys at 1000°C a silicon content above 0.8% reduces the rate of scaling by providing additional sites for the lateral growth of the Cr2 O3 layer. Yttrium gives rise to the formation of Fe9Y particles which disrupt the continuity of the Cr2O3 scale. The beneficial influence of silicon dominates the potentially detrimental effect of yttrium in alloys containing both silicon and yttrium.
    Additional Material: 6 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Weinheim [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Materials and Corrosion/Werkstoffe und Korrosion 35 (1984), S. 266-272 
    ISSN: 0947-5117
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Polymer and Materials Science
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Description / Table of Contents: Einfluß von Silicium und Yttrium auf die Verzunderung austenitischer FeCrNi-Legierungen bei thermischer WechselbeanspruchungMit Hilfe von thermogravimetrisch und aufgrund der Resonanzfrequenz erhaltenen Ergebnissen sowie der Gefügeanalyse wird der Einfluß von Silicium- und/oder Yttrium-Zusätzen zu Fe 24 Cr 24 Ni auf das Oxidationsverhalten bei thermischer Wechselbeanspruchung untersucht. Silicium begünstigt danach die Bildung eines schützenden Chromoxidzunders, jedoch kann die Ansammlung einer mechanisch schwachen, siliciumreichen Oxidschicht an der Zunder/Metall-Grenzfläche zum Abplatzen des Zunders führen. Yttrium allein beeinflußt das Oxidationsverhalten nur geringfügig; zusammen mit Silicium verhindert es jedoch die Bildung der genannten siliciumreichen Zwischenoxidschicht. Die Temperaturänderung, die erforderlich ist, um den Zunder zum Abplatzen zu bringen und die schützende Wirkung aufzuheben, dient als Maß für die mechanische Integrität der entstandenen Zunderschicht. Die Fähigkeit von Legierungen, auch bei häufigem Temperaturwechsel rasch schützende Zunderschichten zu bilden und Schäden der Zunderschicht im Laufe längerer isothermischer Behandlung zum Ausheilen zu bringen, werden getrennt untersucht.
    Notes: Data obtained using thermogravimetric and resonant frequency techniques and the results of structural analysis are used to evaluate the effects on oxidation of silicon and/or yttrium additions to an Fe-24% Cr-24% Ni alloy tested under thermal cycling conditions. Silicon promotes the formation of a protective chromia scale, but the accumulation of a mechanically weak, silicon-rich oxide at the scale-metal interface eventually leads to scale spalling. Yttrium alone is found to have little influence on the rate of alloy degradation, but in alloys containing silicon its presence prevents the accumulation of the interfacial silicon-rich oxide layer. The temperature change required to cause scale failure and loss of protection to the substrate material is used as a measure of the mechanical integrity of the scales formed. The ability of alloys to form scales rapidly under conditions of frequent thermal cycling and to repair damage caused to a scale grown over a prolonged period of isothermal exposure are separately examined.
    Additional Material: 8 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Journal of materials science 12 (1993), S. 1533-1535 
    ISSN: 1573-4811
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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