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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)-positive deposits in brain following kainic acid-induced seizures: relationships to fos induction, neuronal necrosis, reactive gliosis, and blood-brain barrier breakdown (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 126-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Neurodegeneration ; Epilepsy ; Kainic acid fos ; Gliosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive deposits have been demonstrated in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients suffering from a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, presenile dementia, Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, myoclonic epilepsy, and cerebral palsy. The etiology of these deposits and their relationship to mechanisms of progressive neurodegeneration is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that the kainic acid model of limbic status epilepticus provides a useful system for the study of PAS-positive staining. The relationship between PAS-positive deposition, induction of fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI), neuronal necrosis, reactive gliosis, and blood-brain barrier breakdown following the kainic acid induction of status epilepticus was investigated. Epileptiform activity was elicited in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg kainic acid and brains were examined 3, 5, 12, 24, 72, and 168 h after drug injection. Four distinct types of PAS-positive staining in rat brain were observed: type 1, extracellular matrix (ECM) or blood vessel associated-material; type 2, granular deposits; type 3, glial labelling; and type 4, neuronal labelling. Results demonstrated that the four types of PAS-positive staining were differentially associated with specific markers of neuropathology: (1) type 1 ECM staining and type 3 glia were preferentially localized to edematous tissue; (2) the majority of type 3 glia were identified as reactive astrocytes, while a minority of appeared to be proliferating microglia; (3) type 1 blood vessels labelled hemorrhaging vasculature; (4) early deposition of type 2 granules was predictive of subsequent cell loss; (5) chronic type 2 granular deposits and type 4 neuronal labelling not associated with cell death could be predicted by early changes in FLI; and (6) chronic deposition of all four forms of PAS-positive material was correlated with earlier, transient blood-brain barrier compromise. The results support the growing literature that local carbohydrate metabolism may be one of a constellation of parameters important to the development of progressive neurodegeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296356
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The estrous cycle affects cocaine self-administration on a progressive ratio schedule in rats (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 98 (1989), S. 408-411 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Gender ; Estrous cycle ; Cocaine self-administration ; Fixed ratio one ; Progressive ratio schedule
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Although it has been demonstrated that many of the behavioral responses to psychomotor stimulants are gender dependent and hormonally sensitive, few studies have examined the possibility that the estrous cycle interacts with drug reinforcement in laboratory animals. The present experiment assessed the effect of the estrous cycle on two aspects of cocaine self-administration behavior: the breaking point on a progressive ratio (PR) schedule and the rate of cocaine intake on a fixed ratio one (FR1) schedule. On the PR schedule, the first lever response produced a drug infusion. Subsequent response requirements escalated with each injection until the behavior extinguished. Breaking points were defined as the final ratio completed. On a FR1 schedule, the estrous cycle had no effect on the rate of drug intake. On a PR schedule, female rats reached higher breaking points during estrus than during other stages of the estrous cycle. Furthermore, female rats displayed higher breaking points than male rats. It appears that the estrous cycle influences an animal's motivation to self-administer cocaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00451696
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heroin self-administration in rats under a progressive ratio schedule of reinforcement (1993)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 111 (1993), S. 215-218 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Self-administration ; Progressive ratio ; Heroin ; Dose-response ; Naltrexone
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Heroin self-administration behavior under a progressive ratio (PR) schedule of reinforcement was evaluated in rats. The schedule was designed to restrict drug intake, minimize opiate dependency, and quantify the number of responses emitted (final response ratio) in order to receive a limited number of heroin infusions. Final ratios were found to be stable and did not increase with chronic (31 days) PR reinforcement. The ability of the PR schedule to detect changes in heroin reinforcement was demonstrated by evaluating the effect of naltrexone pretreatment and unit dose alteration on final ratios. Naltrexone (0.4 mg/kg) reduced final ratios and an inverted U dose-response relationship was established for the unit heroin doses 12.5–100 µg/injection. Maximal final ratios occurred with 50 µg/injection heroin reinforcement. This PR schedule may provide a useful method for evaluating the effects of pharmacological manipulations or lesions on opiate reinforcement.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02245526
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Periodic acid-Schiff(PAS)-positive deposits in brain following kainic acid-induced seizures: relationships to fos induction, neuronal necrosis, reactive gliosis, and blood-brain barrier breakdown (1995)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 89 (1995), S. 126-138 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Key words Neurodegeneration ; Epilepsy ; Kainic acid ; fos ; Gliosis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Periodic acid-Schiff (PAS)-positive deposits have been demonstrated in the central nervous system (CNS) of patients suffering from a wide variety of neurodegenerative disorders including Alzheimer's disease, presenile dementia, Parkinson's disease, diabetes mellitus, myoclonic epilepsy, and cerebral palsy. The etiology of these deposits and their relationship to mechanisms of progressive neurodegeneration is unknown. In the present study, we demonstrate that the kainic acid model of limbic status epilepticus provides a useful system for the study of PAS-positive staining. The relationship between PAS-positive deposition, induction of fos-like immunoreactivity (FLI), neuronal necrosis, reactive gliosis, and blood-brain barrier breakdown following the kainic acid induction of status epilepticus was investigated. Epileptiform activity was elicited in rats by intraperitoneal administration of 10 mg/kg kainic acid and brains were examined 3, 5, 12, 24, 72, and 168 h after drug injection. Four distinct types of PAS-positive staining in rat brain were observed: type 1, extracellular matrix (ECM) or blood vessel associated-material; type 2, granular deposits; type 3, glial labelling; and type 4, neuronal labelling. Results demonstrated that the four types of PAS-positive staining were differentially associated with specific markers of neuropathology: (1) type 1 ECM staining and type 3 glia were preferentially localized to edematous tissue; (2) the majority of type 3 glia were identified as reactive astrocytes, while a minority of appeared to be proliferating microglia; (3) type 1 blood vessels labelled hemorrhaging vasculature; (4) early deposition of type 2 granules was predictive of subsequent cell loss; (5) chronic type 2 granular deposits and type 4 neuronal labelling not associated with cell death could be predicted by early changes in FLI; and (6) chronic deposition of all four forms of PAS-positive material was correlated with earlier, transient blood-brain barrier compromise. The results support the growing literature that local carbohydrate metabolism may be one of a constellation of parameters important to the development of progressive neurodegeneration.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00296356
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
    BibTip Others were also interested in ...
    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
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