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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Basophil histamine release induced by anti-IgE and concanavalin A Relation to the total plasma IgE content (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The plant lectin concanavalin A (Con A) has been shown to induce basophil histamine release by an IgE-receptor-dependent process resembling that of anti-IgE-antibodies.In this study, the concentration-response for basophil histamine release from washed blood cells was analyzed in a population of blood samples from adults with a total plasma IgE content ranging from 〈 5 kU/l to 〉 18000 kU/l (n= 108), as well as 148 cord blood samples.The concentration-response-curves for anti-IgE in all adult blood samples were similar, despite the large variation in total plasma IgE - only the cord blood samples showed a decreased sensitivity. In contrast, the optimal concentration of Con A was inversely related to plasma IgE, and this relation was most pronounced in the adult blood samples.It is proposed that IgE-receptor-mediated histamine release may be dependent not only on the number of stimulatory, dimeric cross-links formed between IgE-receptors, but also on the molecular structure of the cross-linking agent.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb02175.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Assessment of the allergic reaction in seasonal rhinitis: acoustic rhinometry is a sensitive and objective method (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Seasonal allergic rhinitis constitutes an excellent in vivo model of an allergic mucosal inflammatory reaction. This offers the opportunity of studying the fundamentals of allergic inflammation in addition to improvement of knowledge on the basal pathophysiological mechanisms of the disease. So far, monitoring methods of disease activity and treatment efficacy have mainly been based upon subjective assessments, illustrating the impact of introducing reliable objective methods.Objective To investigate the allergic inflammatory reaction of seasonal rhinitis through different objective methods and evaluate these as indicators of disease activity and treatment efficacy.Methods Functional parameters, i.e. acoustic rhinometry and nasal metacholine challenge, and biological markers, i.e. blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein in serum (s-ECP) and nasal lavage fluid (n-ECP), were assessed before and at peak pollen season in 27 patients with grass pollen induced rhinitis. Patients were randomized to either nasal corticosteroid or placebo treatment and recorded nasal symptom scores.Results Acoustic rhinometry revealed a significant difference in favour of steroid treatment (P 〈 0.05) comparing nasal volumes before and during season. This difference primarily relied upon a decrease in the placebo group (P= 0.05). A reduction from baseline of s-ECP in the steroid group (P 〈 0.01) was obtained. N-ECP demonstrated a difference between treatment groups, although not significant. Symptom scores increased in all patients during the pollen season, although this was only significant in the placebo treated patients (P 〈 0.01). The remaining methods applied did not demonstrate further differences, either within or between treatment groups.Conclusion Our results demonstrate acoustic rhinometry to be a sensitive and objective method of assessment of nasal obstruction. Furthemore, acoustic rhinometry and s-ECP reflect the impact of nasal steroid therapy on seasonal allergic rhinitis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00524.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Ontogeny of human mannan-binding protein, a lectin of the innate immune system (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 6 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Mannan-binding protein (MBP) is a member of the collectins. These lectins are composed of polypeptide chains which contains a collagen-like region and a calcium dependent carbohydrate recognition domain (named a C-type CRD). MBP binds via the CRD to carbohydrate structures on microorganisms. MBP can activate the complement system when bound to carbohydrate. MBP is thus thought to play a role in the defence against microorganisms. The present report describes the ontogeny of MBP. The level of MBP increase during the first 3 months of life, at which time a stable level is reached, comparable to that seen in adults. On average, the level of MBP at term was 37% of the post 3-month level. Measurements on infants born prematurely showed a 3-fold increase in MBP concentration from the time of birth at around 30 weeks from conception to the 10th week of life.;
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1995.tb00252.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Histamine release from cord blood basophils is influenced by plasma IgE concentration, osmolarity, gestational age at birth and atopic disposition (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 5 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To characterize the normal values of histamine release from basophil leucocytes in cord blood after stimulation with both IgE-mediating and non-IgE-mediating secretagogues, a population of 1,684 newborn infants was studied using a microfiber-based method for detecting histamine release. A wide variation in anti-IgE and Concanavalin A-induced histamine release in the population was found. An increase in osmolarity in the release media selectively enhanced the maximal IgE-mediated histamine release, in addition to an increase in sensitivity in the dose response for anti-IgE and Concanavalin A. Both anti-IgE and Concanavalin A mediated histamine release were found to be significantly associated with the concentration of IgE in cord blood. Furthermore, an increased sensitivity to the IgE-mediated response and a close correlation between anti-IgE and Concanavalin A histamine release were found in the group of newborns with high IgE levels. Gestational age at birth and histamine release after stimulation with both IgE-mediating, and non-IgE mediating secretagogues were found to be significantly related, thus suggesting a continuing maturation of the human basophil leucocytes in the last weeks of gestation. Parental atopic disposition also affected basophil releasability in cord blood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00239.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Several genetic and environmental factors influence cord blood IgE concentration (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 5 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Cord blood samples were collected from a birth cohort of 2631 infants to elucidate the association between genetic and environmental factors and fetal production of IgE. The cord blood IgE values were treated both as a continuous and as a dichotomous variable in the statistical analyses. Multivariate analysis was used to control for confounding factors. Infants with single and biparental atopic heritage had higher IgE concentrations in cord plasma than children of parents without atopy. Multiple logistic regression analysis revealed a significant association to maternal allergic eczema or perennial rhinitis. The cord blood IgE concentration varied with month of birth with peaks in late autumn. This seasonal variation was not related to parental atopic disease. Boys had significantly higher levels of IgE and more often elevated IgE values (≥0.5 kU/1) than girls. Alcohol and caffeine consumption by the mothers during pregnancy were both significantly associated with elevated IgE concentration. There was also a relation between mothers prepregnant weight and elevated CB-IgE levels. No significant association was observed between maternal smoking and cord plasma IgE levels. The fact that many factors presumably not related to child allergy seem to influence the regulation of fetal IgE production, could explain the questionable value of cord blood IgE in predicting allergy in childhood.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00223.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Asthma and atopy – a total genome scan for susceptibility genes (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:  Allergic asthma is an increasingly common disease of complex inheritance. Several studies have suggested candidate regions, but genetic heterogeneity, ethnic differences and varying study designs may in part explain the lack of identified and confirmed susceptibility genes. Investigation of different populations will further clarify the topic. We therefore evaluated allergic asthma and increased total and specific IgE in 39, 45 and 57 sib-pairs from 100 Danish allergy families. Methods:  Affected sib-pairs meeting a narrow phenotype definition were selected for the three phenotypes atopy, allergic asthma and increased total IgE. We performed a total genome scan using 446 microsatellite markers and obtained nonparametric linkage results from the MAPMAKER/SIBS computer program. Results:  Our study revealed four candidate regions (MLS 〉 2) on chromosome 1p36, 3q21–q22, 5q31 and 6p24–p22, and 15 candidate regions (1 〈 MLS 〈 2) that may contain susceptibility genes for asthma and atopy. We did not find linkage to the candidate genes TNF-β, FcER1β and Il4R-α, except for weak support for linkage of the asthma phenotype to TNF-β (MLS = 1.18). Conclusions:  We found evidence for two new asthma and atopy loci, 1p36 and 3q21–q22, and supported linkage in the Danish population to seven previously reported candidate regions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2002.23523.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    No linkage and association of atopy to chromosome 16 including the interleukin-4 receptor gene (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Several susceptibility genes for atopy have been suggested in recent years. Few have been investigated as intensively as the interleukin-4-receptor α (IL4Rα) gene on chromosome 16. The results remain in dispute. Therefore, in a robust design, we tested for association of type I allergy to the IL4R variations I50V and Q576R, and investigated chromosome 16 for atopy candidate regions in general. Methods: We identified 100 Danish allergy sib-pair families. Five conservative phenotypes for type I allergy were defined and evaluated. The IL4R variations were genotyped in trios and evaluated by the transmission disequilibrium test (TDT). Multipoint linkage analysis and exclusion mapping were conducted with sib-pairs analyzed for 17 microsatellite markers. Results: No evidence for association or linkage to the IL4R polymorphisms was found (P values: 0.12–0.90). Linkage analysis did not support linkage of any of the phenotypes to chromosome 16. Major parts of chromosome 16 were excluded as candidate regions harboring oligogenes for type I allergy. Conclusions: We found chromosome 16 unlikely to harbor strong candidate genes for type I allergy. The role of the IL4Rα gene in the inheritance of atopy was insignificant in the Danish population. The use of conservative allergy phenotypes in the search for genes predisposing to atopic disease was discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056008775.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophil markers in seasonal allergic rhinitis (1998)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 53 (1998), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background The purpose was to study activation markers of the eosinophil granulocytes in seasonal allergic rhinitis, and the impact of topical steroid therapy thereupon. Methods Sixty-three rhinitis patients with monoallergy to grass were examined before and at peak pollen season. Blood eosinophil count, eosinophil cationic protein (ECP), and eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) in serum and nasal lavage fluid were measured. During the season, patients were randomized to treatment with intranasal fluticasone propionate 0.1 mg o.d. (n=26), 0.2 mg o.d. (n=25), or placebo (n = 12). Six healthy persons served as controls. Results During the season, all parameters, except nasal lavage ECP, increased in the placebo group (P〈0.001 – P〈0.05). Significant differences were seen between the steroid grotips and the placebo group for all parameters (P〈0.001–F〈0.05). Higher eosinophil count (P〈0.05), serum EPO (F〈0.02), and nasal lavage EPO (P〈0.05) were found in patients before season than in controls. The following winter, 44 patients returned for repeated measurement. Lower levels of nasal lavage EPO were observed for patients than levels at the beginning of the season (P〈0.0001). Conclusions Intranasal fluticasone propionate reduced inflammation of the nasal mucosa, demonstrated locally by nasal lavage ECP and EPO, and systemically by blood eosinophils, serum ECP, and serum EPO. EPO seemed more sensitive than ECP as indicator of allergic inflammation. EPO demonstrated some perennial eosinophil activity in hay fever patients, increasing locally during spring.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1998.tb03974.x
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Umbilical Cord Mannan-Binding Lectin and Infections in Early Childhood (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of immunology 57 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-3083
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: To investigate whether mannan-binding lectin (MBL) in umbilical cord blood (UCB) is associated with the incidence rate of hospitalizations for infections during early childhood. A follow-up study from birth to 31 months of age, with endpoint data from the Danish National Hospital Discharge Registry. The concentration of MBL and immunoglobulin A (IgA) in UCB was measured in a time-resolved immunofluorometric assay. Information on possible confounding factors was obtained from questionnaires completed by mothers during their pregnancy, and characteristics of the child at birth were registered by a midwife on a structured coding sheet. A total of 2104 infants born in the period between 1 February 1990 and 25 May 1991 to mothers living in the municipality of Aarhus. Concentration of MBL and IgA in UCB, gestational age, birth weight, number of siblings less than 3 years old, mother's smoking habits, alcohol and coffee consumption, educational and marital status and previous spontaneous abortions and stillbirths. Of 2104 children, 626 were hospitalized at least once, and 346 of these were hospitalized with infection. The hazard ratio (HR) of hospitalization with infections in children with low levels of MBL (〈120 ng/ml) was 1.4 (95% confidence interval (CI), 1.0–1.8), which was similar to our findings on hospitalization because of other diseases. The HR of hospitalization for viral infections was 2.8 (CI, 1.3–5.9). Low levels of MBL in UCB were associated with hospitalization in general and particularly with hospitalization for viral infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-3083.2003.01202.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Parasuicide in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway (1996)
    Springer
    Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology 31 (1996), S. 272-283 
    Details
    ISSN: 1433-9285
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract During the period 1 October 1988 to 31 December 1993, 2068 episodes of parasuicide involving 1543 persons were registered in the county of Sør-Trøndelag, Norway. Parasuicide rates decreased in the area compared with 1987, more for females than for males. Rates were higher for divorced females and separated males than for those of other marital statuses, but these rates were lower than previously found in the same area. The proportion of unemployed patients remained fairly stable, while the rate of unemployment increased in the general population. Compared to males, female parasuicide patients more often reported family problems and economic inactivity, and more often had been victims of violence or sexual abuse. Male parasuicide patients more often than females were living alone, were unemployed, abused alcohol, had financial problems, and had been engaged in criminal activity. Compared with older parasuicide patients, the young of both sexes were more often unemployed and abused drugs, but had less often been in contact with the health or social services. In addition, young female parasuicide patients more often had experienced family problems and suicidal behaviour among family or friends. The results were generally considered to be consistent with theories of sex role stereotypes, which emphasize expressive traits in an affiliative context for females and instrumental traits in a public or economic context for men.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00787920
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