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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 24 (1992), S. 47-88 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Fluid Mechanics 19 (1987), S. 157-182 
    ISSN: 0066-4189
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Experiments in fluids 26 (1999), S. 153-160 
    ISSN: 1432-1114
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics
    Notes: Abstract Methods based on image analysis and mathematical morphology are proposed to study fingering patterns obtained in a radial Hele-Shaw cell. They have been used to study miscible displacement patterns obtained under various conditions of initial viscosity, viscosity ratio and injection rate. Their application domain can be extended to other type of fingering patterns as well as diffusion-limited aggregates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 11 (1972), S. 61-69 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Zusammenfassung Es wurden sich bildende sowie voll ausgebildete Geschwindigkeitsprofile viskoelastischer Flüssigkeiten in einer scharfkantigen Rohrverengung von 2 zu 1 gemessen. Ein Weissenbergsches Rheogoniometer R 16 diente zur Charakterisierung der viskoelastischen Flüssigkeiten im betreffenden Deformationsgeschwindigkeitsbereich. Meßergebnisse für die Einlauflänge viskoelastischer Flüssigkeiten weichen bedeutend von den Voraussagen sowie von Meßergebnissen für unelastische Flüssigkeiten ab, die, nach demOstwald- de Waeleschen Modell berechnet, die gleichen Kenngrößen aufzeigen. Die Abweichung vom viskosen Einlaufverhalten beträgt 11,6 bis 100%. Sie ist unabhängig von der Reynoldschen Zahl, hängt aber sehr stark ab von dem Verhältnis zwischen zwei Geschwindigkeiten u*=Schubspannungsgeschwindigkeit undu=Scherwellengeschwindigkeit. Eine Erhöhung vonu * gegenüberu verursacht eine erhöhte Abweichung vom unelastischen Verhalten. Wenn die zwei Geschwindigkeitenu * undu von der gleichen Größenordnung sind, verschwindet die Einlaufsentwicklung und ein vollausgebildetes Geschwindigkeitsprofil tritt schon am Eingang auf. Ein weiteres Erhöhen vonu * überu verursacht anomales Einlaufverhalten mit ungewöhnlichem Strömungsbild oberhalb der Verengung.
    Notes: Summary Developing and fully developed velocity profiles were measured for viscoelastic fluids flowing through an abrupt 2 to 1 glass-contraction. An R 16Weissenberg-Rheogoniometer was used to measure the rheological properties of the viscoelastic fluids in the shear rates range of interest in the contraction. The measured entry lengths for the viscoelastic fluids were significantly less than predictions and experimental values for inelastic fluids with the same power-law parameters. Deviations from inelastic entry behaviour ranged from 11.6–100%, were independent ofReynolds number, but were strongly dependent on the ratio of the friction velocity to the shear wave velocity. Increasing the friction velocity relative to the shear wave velocity resulted in an increased deviation from inelastic behaviour. When the friction velocity was of the same order as the shear wave velocity a zero entry length and a fully developed entry velocity profile were observed. Further increase in the friction velocity relative to the shear wave velocity resulted in anomalous entry behaviour accompanied by unusual flow patterns upstream of the contraction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 16 (1977), S. 322-323 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 26 (1987), S. 291-300 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Brown coal ; coal-watersuspension ; thixotropy ; yield stress ; pipeline transportation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Techniques for measuring the fundamental flow properties of as-mined Victorian brown coal suspensions are developed. Flow properties are presented for Morwell, Yallourn and Loy Yang coals as a function of concentration for fixed particle size distribution. Even at the relatively low solids concentration of 20 to 30 percent by weight, the suspensions exhibit complex non-Newtonian characteristics. Generally at high concentration, the suspensions are thixotropic with a shear rate dependent viscosity and exhibit a yield stress. The inherent thixotropy of the coals can be exploited and it is technically but perhaps not economically feasible to transport the as-mined coals in a pipeline. The power requirement to pump the coals in a pipeline is found to be 10 to 30 times that required to pump black coal in the Black Mesa pipeline in the U.S.A. The differences in the rheological properties of the three coals is related to the surface properties of the coal particle — expressed in terms of carboxylate and inorganic cation content, and to differences in the pore volume of the coals. The flow characteristics of one coal can be converted to that of another simply by varying either the carboxylate or ionic content of the suspension.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 26 (1987), S. 508-515 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Yield stress fluid ; time-dependent yield stress fluid ; concentric cylinderviscometer ; Couette viscometry ; shear rate calculation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract The methods normally employed for shear rate calculations from concentric cylinder viscometer data generally are not applicable for fluids with a yield stress. In cylindrical systems with large radius ratios, as usually is the case with suspensions, the yield stress induces two possible flow regimes in the annulus. Unless the yield value is exceeded everywhere in the gap only part of the fluid can be sheared while the remaining region behaves like a solid plug. A correct calculation of the shear rate must take into account the presence of a variable effective gap width determined by the extent of the sheared layer. For time-independent yield stress fluids, a two-step procedure, which does not require any specific flow model, is proposed for analysing the experimental torque-speed data. Under the partially sheared condition, the shear rate can be computed exactly, whereas for the fully sheared flow the Krieger and Elrod approximation is satisfactory. The method is assessed by examining both semi-ideal data generated with a Casson fluid with known properties, and experimental data with an industrial suspension. A more complicated problem associated with characterization of time-dependent yield stress fluids is also identified and discussed. An approximate procedure is used to illustrate the dependence of the shear rate on time of shear in constant-speed experiments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Viscoelastic behaviour ; Carreau model ; dynamic properties ; hyaluronic acid ; protein ; synovial fluid
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract Steady-shear and dynamic properties of a pooled sample of cattle synovial fluid have been measured using techniques developed for low viscosity fluids. The rheological properties of synovial fluid were found to exhibit typical viscoelastic behaviour and can be described by the Carreau type A rheological model. Typical model parameters for the fluid are given; these may be useful for the analysis of the complex flow problems of joint lubrication. The two major constituents, hyaluronic acid and proteins, have been successfully separated from the pooled sample of synovial fluid. The rheological properties of the hyaluronic acid and the recombined hyaluronic acid-protein solutions of both equal and half the concentration of the constituents found in the original synovial fluid have been measured. These properties, when compared to those of the original synovial fluid, show an undeniable contribution of proteins to the flow behaviour of synovial fluid in joints. The effect of protein was found to be more prominent in hyaluronic acid of half the normal concentration found in synovial fluid, thus providing a possible explanation for the differences in flow behaviour observed between synovial fluid from certain diseased joints compared to normal joint fluid.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Rheologica acta 24 (1985), S. 427-437 
    ISSN: 1435-1528
    Keywords: Thixotropy ; bauxite residue ; red mud ; structural breakdown ; structural recovery
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract An experimental study on the time-dependent rheology of highly concentrated and flocculated suspensions of bauxite residue (red mud) is presented. Both the thixotropic breakdown with shear and recovery at rest have been quantitatively examined using a vane-shear instrument and a capillary rheometer. It is demonstrated that both the yield stress and the apparent viscosity of the material can be drastically reduced, by orders of magnitude, by shear-induced agitation with a simple anchor impeller. The rate of thixotropic decay is a function of solids concentration, agitation time and speed. With prolonged agitation, the flow properties are brought to an equilibrium level characterized by a finite yield stress and a shear rate-dependent (shear-thinning) viscosity. In the absence of shear, the yield stress gradually increases with time but at a rate considerably slower than the rate of decay in the shear field. Even after an extended rest period of several months, only a fraction of the initial yield stress can be regained. The observed behaviour has been interpreted in terms of a time-dependent but non-reversible transformation of a network structure of flocculated particles initially developed in the red mud. Using a structural kinetic approach, models have been developed for correlating the experimental kinetic data. The paper concludes with a discussion on the practical consequences of the work.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Hoboken, NJ : Wiley-Blackwell
    AIChE Journal 24 (1978), S. 869-879 
    ISSN: 0001-1541
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Chemical Engineering
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: The characteristics of a vortex found at the entry of a 2:1 and 4:1 contraction for viscoelastic fluids is investigated. Two distinct flow regimes are identified in the contraction flow field: a vortex growth regime and a divergent flow regime. In the vortex flow regime, rheological forces are found to dominate the flow, with the vortex detachment length being a linear function of the Weissenberg number. In the divergent flow regime, the flow is found to diverge at the center line upstream of the vortex detachment plane, and the vortex size decreases with increasing flow rates. Inertial forces are important in the divergent flow regime. The entry flow characteristics for the 2:1 and 4:1 contraction are quantified in terms of the vortex detachment length as a function of Reynolds and Weissenberg number over the range of 0:2 〈 N′Re 〈 200 and 0.10 〈 NWS 〈 0.7.
    Additional Material: 15 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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