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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    REPLICATION OF ALFAMO- AND ILARVIRUSES: Role of the Coat Protein (2005)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Phytopathology 43 (2005), S. 39-62 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4286
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition , Biology
    Notes: In the family Bromoviridae, a mixture of the three genomic RNAs of bromo-, cucumo-, and oleaviruses is infectious as such, whereas the RNAs of alfamo- and ilarviruses require binding of a few molecules of coat protein (CP) to the 3' end to initiate infection. Most studies on the early function of CP have been done on the alfamovirus Alfalfa mosaic virus (AMV). The 3' 112 nucleotides of AMV RNAs can adopt two different conformations. One conformer consists of a tRNA-like structure that, together with an upstream hairpin, is required for minus-strand promoter activity. The other conformer consists of four hairpins interspersed by AUGC-sequences and represents a strong binding site for CP. Binding of CP to this conformer enhances the translational efficiency of viral RNAs in vivo 40-fold and blocks viral minus-strand RNA synthesis in vitro. AMV CP is proposed to initiate infection by mimicking the function of the poly(A)-binding protein.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.phyto.43.101804.120505
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A tobacco mosaic virus-induced tobacco protein is homologous to the sweet-tasting protein thaumatin (1986)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 321 (1986), S. 531-532 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Poly(A)-containing RNA from TMV-infected Samsun NN tobacco was used as a template to construct a cDNA library; 1,400 transformants were screened by a differential hybridization procedure, using 32P-labelled DNA complementary to poly(A) RNA from healthy or TMV-infected tobacco as probes. Forty ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/321531a0
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Overproduction of salicylic acid in plants by bacterial transgenes enhances pathogen resistance (2000)
    [s.l.] : Nature America Inc.
    Nature biotechnology 18 (2000), S. 779-783 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1696
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: [Auszug] After a hypersensitive response to invading pathogens, plants show elevated accumulation of salicylic acid (SA), induced expression of plant defense genes, and systemic acquired resistance (SAR) to further infection by a broad range of pathogens. There is compelling evidence that SA plays a crucial ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/77347
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transformation of lily by Agrobacterium (1955)
    Springer
    Euphytica 85 (1955), S. 97-100 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5060
    Keywords: Agrobacterium ; transformation ; lily ; β-glucuronidase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Summary Lily cv. Harmony was inoculated with several Agrobacterium strains to study its susceptibility to Agrobacterium infection and transformation. Tumorous tissue formation on inoculated stem internodes of sterile-grown plantlets, as well as expression of a β-glucuronidase marker gene interrupted by an intron in cells of inoculated stem nodes, indicate that the monocotyledon Lilium is a host for Agrobacterium.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00023935
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Analysis of regulatory elements involved in stress-induced and organ-specific expression of tobacco acidic and basic β-1,3-glucanase genes (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 451-461 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: β-1,3-glucanase ; organ-specific expression ; pathogenesis-related proteins ; regulatory elements ; tobacco mosaic virus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Infection of tobacco by tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) induces coordinate expression of genes encoding acidic and basic β-1,3-glucanase isoforms. These genes are differentially expressed in response to other treatments. Salicylate treatment induces acidic glucanase mRNA to a higher level than basic glucanase mRNA. Ethylene treatment and wounding strongly induce the basic glucanase genes but have little effect on genes encoding the acidic isoforms. Furthermore, the basic glucanase genes are constitutively expressed in roots and lower leaves of healthy plants, whereas the acidic glucanase genes are not. In order to investigate how these expression patterns are established, we fused promoter regions of an acidic and a basic glucanase gene to the β-glucuronidase (GUS) reporter gene and examined expression of these constructs in transgenic tobacco plants. A fragment of 1750 bp and two 5′-truncated fragments of 650 bp and 300 bp of the acidic glucanase promoter were tested for induction of GUS gene expression after salicylate treatment and TMV infection. Upstream sequences of 1750 bp and 650 bp were sufficient for induction of the reporter gene by salicylate treatment and TMV infection, but the activity of the 300 bp fragment was strongly reduced. The results suggest that the 1750 bp upstream sequence of the acidic glucanase gene contains multiple regulatory elements. For the basic glucanase promoter it is shown that 1476 bp of upstream sequences were able to drive expression in response to TMV infection and ethylene treatment, but no response was found to incision wounding. Furthermore, high GUS activity was found in lower leaves and roots of healthy transgenic plants, carrying the 1476 bp basic glucanase promoter/GUS construct. When the promoter was truncated up to position −446 all activity was lost, indicating that the region between −1476 and −446 of the basic glucanase promoter is necessary for organ-specific and developmentally regulated expression as well as for induced expression in response to infection and other stress treatments.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00028803
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Circadian expression and induction by wounding of tobacco genes for cysteine proteinase (1993)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 21 (1993), S. 685-694 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: circadian expression ; papain ; targeting ; thiol protease ; wound induction
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Two sets of clones were isolated from a tobacco cDNA library, utilizing as a probe a PCR fragment obtained from tomato cDNA using a degenerate primer based on the sequence of tomato systemin. Contrary to expectation, the clones did not correspond to tobacco homologues of tomato pro-systemin. However, the cDNAs encoded two highly similar proteins with extensive structural homology to cysteine proteinases from a wide range of plant and animal species. Northern blot analyses showed that in unstressed tobacco leaf the genes for the putative proteinases are expressed according to a circadian rhythm. Furthermore, incision wounding enhances the expression approximately six-fold. Other forms of stress, such as infection with tobacco mosaic virus, treatment with ethephon or UV light do not result in induced expression of the tobacco cysteine proteinase genes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00014551
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The PR-1a promoter contains a number of elements that bind GT-1-like nuclear factors with different affinity (1996)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 30 (1996), S. 493-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: GT-1 ; induced expression ; PR proteins ; salicylic acid ; trans-acting factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract The 900 by promoter region of the tobacco PR-1a gene was divided into eight fragments using PCR. The fragments were tested for their ability to bind to nuclear factors isolated from tobacco leaf. Band shift assays demonstrated that all but one of the fragments specifically interacted with nuclear proteins. From competition experiments it was determined that the same nuclear factors bind various promoter fragments with different affinity. Moreover, efficient competition with a synthetic tetramer of box II of the rbcS promoter (Green PJ et al., EMBO J 13 (1988) 4035–4044) indicated that GT-1-like nuclear factors are involved in these interactions. Furthermore, in comparison to extracts from untreated plants, nuclear protein preparations from tobacco mosaic virus-infected tobacco showed a reduced GT-1 binding activity. These results will be discussed in relation to induced PR-1a gene expression.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00049327
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutation of GT-1 binding sites in the Pr-1A promoter influences the level of inducible gene expression in vivo (1999)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 40 (1999), S. 387-396 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: gene expression ; GT-1 ; PR-1a ; PR proteins ; salicylic acid-induced ; transcription factors
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract Infection of Nicotiana tabacum Samsun NN with tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) results in a hypersensitive plant response and leads to systemic acquired resistance (SAR). The induction of SAR is mediated by the plant hormone salicylic acid (SA) and is accompanied by the induced expression of a number of genes including the pathogenesis-related (PR) gene 1a. Previously, it has been found that TMV infection and SA treatment resulted in a reduction of binding of nuclear protein GT-1 to far-upstream regions (−902 to −656) of the PR-1a gene. To test if GT-1 is a negative regulator of PR-1a gene expression, the effects of mutations in the seven putative GT-1 binding sites in this region were studied in vitro using dimethyl sulfate interference footprinting and band shift assays. This showed that at least one of the seven sites is indeed a GT-1 binding site. However, when tested in transgenic plants, the mutations did not result in constitutive expression of the chimeric PR-1a/GUS transgene, while inducible expression after SA treatment was decreased. The results suggest that binding of GT-1-like proteins to far-upstream PR-1a promoter regions indeed influences gene expression. A possible model for GT-1's mode of action in PR-1a gene expression is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1006144505121
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Characterization of cDNA clones for a virus-inducible, glycine-rich protein from petunia (1990)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 15 (1990), S. 521-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00019172
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Biologically active transcripts of cloned DNA of the coat protein messenger of two plant viruses (1986)
    Springer
    Plant molecular biology 6 (1986), S. 281-288 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5028
    Keywords: alfalfa mosaic virus ; tobacco streak virus ; in vitro translation ; in vitro transcription ; in vivo translation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Summary To initiate infection, a mixture of the three genomic RNAs of alfalfa mosaic virus (AIMV) has to be supplemented with a small amount of coat protein or RNA 4, the subgenomic messenger for coat protein. The possibility to replace RNA 4 in the inoculum by in vitro synthesized transcripts of a cloned DNA copy of the coat protein cistron was investigated using the SP6 transcription system. Transcripts with or without the cap structure m7G(5′)ppp(5′)G were both translated in vitro in viral coat protein, but only capped transcripts yielded an infectious mixture when added to the AIMV genomic RNAs. This indicates that the cap structure is essential to the in vivo translatin of RNA 4. Similar results were obtained with RNAs transcribed in vitro from a DNA copy of the putative coat protein cistron of tobacco streak virus (TSV). re]19850822 rv]19851203 ac]19860114
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00015234
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