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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Prenatal and postnatal factors affecting short-term survival of very low birth weight infants (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 147 (1988), S. 468-471 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Epidemiology ; Premature newborns ; Very low birth weight ; Survival ; Neonatal intensive care unit
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Factors affecting the survival of 175 preterm infants born with body weight 〈1500 g were examined. The still-birth and perinatal mortality rates were 143 and 446 per 1000 births respectively; neonatal death rate was 447 per 1000 live births. Survival improved progressively with increasing gestational age, and survival was better for infants born after 27 weeks of gestation. Neither maternal nor labour and delivery variables significantly affected survival. Male infants had half the survival rate of females. Birth asphyxia, hypercapnia and respiratory distress syndrome were the most common forms of morbidity, occurring in 〉20% of the population. Infants with such pathology had significantly lower survival rates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00441968
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination kinetics of thiopentone in mothers and their newborn infants (1985)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 28 (1985), S. 321-325 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Caesarian section ; thiopentone ; pentobarbitone ; elimination half-life ; renal clearance ; neonates ; placental transfer
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The elimination kinetics of thiopentone was studied in 7 newborns delivered by Caesarean section and in their mothers who had received the drug for induction of anaesthesia. At delivery, 4–9 min after induction, drug concentrations in cord blood were half those in material blood. The mean half-life of thiopentone in the newborns was about double that in their mothers (15 vs 7 h) confirming a disposition similar to other barbiturates. For the first time renal clearance of thiopentone was estimated in the newborn; 0.074 ml/h/kg. Only 0.0007% (about 2 µg) of the maternal dose was recovered in the urine of newborns over 36 h. Pentobarbitone, an active metabolite, was not detected in any specimen. The findings demonstrate the reliability of current anaesthesiological technique (thiopentone-succinylcholine-oxygen) with minimal fetal exposure to the drug.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00543331
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin in patients on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (1986)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 31 (1986), S. 501-504 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: teicoplanin ; continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis ; pharmacokinetics ; antibiotic
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary We have studied the pharmacokinetics of teicoplanin, a new glycopeptide antibiotic active against Gram-positive aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, in five patients with end-stage renal disease on continuous ambulatory peritoneal dialysis (CAPD). Although teicoplanin was eliminated in the peritoneal fluid, relatively little was recovered (6.8±1.2% of the given dose). The following values were obtained: elimination half-time 102–347 h; total body clearance 4.16–7.38 ml·h−1·kg−1, peritoneal clearance 0.31–0.37 ml·h−1·kg−1. Because the elimination of teicoplanin is about four times less in patients undergoing CAPD compared with subjects with normal renal function, the dose of teicoplanin should be reduced appropriately in such cases.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00613532
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of psychotropic drugs during pregnancy (1993)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 45 (1993), S. 495-501 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Pregnancy methodological ; Psychotropic drugs ; drug utilisation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Drug Use in Pregnancy (DUP) is an international epidemiological survey of drug use in pregnancy conducted from 1988 to 1990 in 148 maternity wards, representing the general delivery practices of 22 countries. Data on exposure of pregnant women to psychotropic drugs, the indications for their use and their correlation with maternal characteristics are reported. Of the 14,778 women interviewed, 520 (3.5%) reported 562 courses of psychotropic drugs. Benzodiazepines (BDZ) accounted for the greatest number of the exposures (444/520 women); neuroleptics and antidepressants were prescribed to tiny minorities of women (83 and 17 respectively), mostly in those few countries were the overall prevalence of use of those drugs was highest. Throughout the majority of the other countries, overall rates were in the low range and were rather heterogeneous. With the exception of small clusters of “unexpected” indications, prescriptions of BDZ were found to be consistent with the target symptoms of anxiety and insomnia; chronic use was reported in 31/444 women. The study was not targeted to the detection of malformations; no suspected clustering was found, however, among the 130 women exposed during the first trimester of pregnancy. The collaborative network now established provides a framework for periodically replicated surveillance to monitor the evolution of this field of knowledge and care in order to provide reliable information for women and society.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315304
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Kinetics and efficacy of theophylline in the treatment of apnea in the premature newborn (1978)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 13 (1978), S. 203-207 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Theophylline ; kinetics ; apnea ; premature newborns ; developmental pharmacology
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary Aminophylline (theophylline-ethylenediamine) was administered to 27 premature newborns to prevent apneic spells. Of the 22 patients monitored for theophylline concentration, a therapeutic blood level was reached in 19 in 1–2 days, and 3 stayed below it. ‘Toxic’ blood levels (≥20 µg/ml) were reached in 3 cases, one of whom showed signs of toxicity. Theophylline treatment was not efficient in the prevention of apnea when a serious underlying disease was present. Theophylline blood half-life (mean : 27.0 h) and clearance (mean 12.9 ml/h/kg) confirmed the slow elimination pattern of the drug in the premature infant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00609983
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Information on drug use in pregnancy from the viewpoint regional drug information centre (1988)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 35 (1988), S. 447-453 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pregnancy ; drug use ; drug information centres ; maternal treatment
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The need for information on drug use during pregnancy was assessed by reviewing the requests for information arriving at a drug information centre in the past nine years. Of all the queries received 24% concerned this aspect, of which the majority were focused on drug use during pregnancy. Mothers received an average of 2.6 prescriptions, most frequently for antiinfectives, psychotropics, hormones and non-narcotic analgesics. Questions were answered personally after a literature search. A profile of questions and a summary of model cases registered in the archives of the centre are reported. The evaluation confirmed the need for and value of a drug information service in relation to pregnancy, so as to avoid alarmist and falsely reassuring attitudes in a field where knowledge is often based on scanty information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00558237
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Drug use in pregnancy: an overview of epidemiological (drug utilization) studies (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 38 (1990), S. 325-328 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: pregnancy ; drug utilization ; surveillance
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The need for further information on drug utilization patterns during pregnancy in different countries was assessed by reviewing literature obtained by hand and computer searches for the years 1960–1988. The 13 identified studies showed that pregnant women used an average of 4.7 drugs. The most commonly ingested medications were vitamins and iron preparations (almost all women), analgesics, antiemetics and antacids. However, the important variables taken into account differently in each study, such as date of surveillance, country, size of population, personal habits, and physiopathological and demographic characteristics, may it impossible to construct a comprehensive, detailed, up-to-date picture of drug utilization during pregnancy. The evaluation confirmed the need for systematic permanent surveillance of drug utilization in pregnancy, so as to avoid the use of data based on widely differing contexts, times and methods, in a field where knowledge is often derived from scanty information.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00315569
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of isbufylline and its major metabolites in rabbit blood and urine by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 568 (1991), S. 407-418 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-4347(91)80178-F
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Simultaneous determination of retinol, α-tocopherol and retinyl palmitate in plasma of premature newborns by reversed-phase high-performance liquid chromatography
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 617 (1993), S. 313-317 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0378-4347(93)80505-X
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparison of gas-liquid chromatography with nitrogen-phosphorus selective detection and high-performance liquid chromatography methods for caffeine determination in plasma and tissues
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Journal of Chromatography B: Biomedical Sciences and Applications 164 (1979), S. 106-113 
    Details
    ISSN: 0378-4347
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/S0378-4347(00)81579-0
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