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  • 1
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Alloxan ; diabetes ; mitochondria ; liver ; endocrine pancreas
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Isolated mouse liver mitochondria incubated with alloxan showed stimulated resting (state 4) respiration with succinate, and inhibited resting respiration with pyridine-linked substrates, whereas active (state 3) respiration was decreased with both kinds of substrates. The effects were dependent on the concentration of alloxan, on the energy state, and on transport of inorganic phosphate and uptake of Ca2+. Using succinate as substrate, the effects of alloxan on endogenous Mg2+, K+ and adenine nucleotides, uptake of K+, accumulated Ca2+, membrane potential and volume were studied in liver mitochondria, and in addition efflux of endogenous K+ and accumulated Ca2+ were investigated in mouse islet mitochondria. High concentrations of alloxan (⩾ 3 mmol/l) induced efflux of endogenous Mg2+, K+ and adenine nucleotides, efflux of accumulated Ca2+, inhibition of uptake of K+, loss of membrane potential, and swelling. Low concentrations of alloxan (〈 3 mmol/l) had similar effects only in the presence of added Ca2+ and inorganic phosphate. The influence of potentially protective agents was studied mainly with regard to alloxan induced swelling. Complete or partial protection was offered by antimycin A, malonate, La3+, Ni2+, ruthenium red, mersalyl and N-ethylmaleimide, suggesting requirement for energized transport of Ca2+ and uptake of inorganic phosphate. The start of the respiratory changes, decrease of membrane potential and loss of Mg2+ preceded the release of accumulated Ca2+, which occurred in parallel with efflux of K+ and swelling. The loss of Ca2+ in association with swelling agrees with data previously obtained using qualitative and quantitative electron microscopy and X-ray microanalysis of islet β cells from alloxan-treated mice. Since preceding studies in vivo have shown that alloxan passes across plasma membranes and is taken up in mitochondria of islet β cells and hepatocytes, the combined data support the view that alloxan diabetes may be due to mitochondrial damage.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Diabetologia 8 (1972), S. 274-282 
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Obesity ; islet hyperplasia ; Mongolian gerbil ; pancreatic islets ; β-cells ; glucosuria ; hyperglycemia ; decreased glucose tolerance ; hyperinsulinemia ; electron ; microscopy ; light microscopy ; adenomatous islets ; mitotic activity ; glycogen infiltration ; cellular inclusions
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Dans un élevage de gerbilles mongoliennes soumises à un régime standard de laboratoire ont été parfois trouvés des animaux obèses. L'obésité se développait chez les animaux des deux sexes et était tantôt transitoire, tantôt permanente. Le taux moyen de glucose du sang, à jeûn, chez les animaux non obèses et obèses était respectivement de 83 et 105 mg/100 ml. La glycosurie et l'hyperglycémie n'étaient trouvées que chez peu d'animaux obèses, tandis que la tolérance au glucose était réduite chez la plupart des animaux obèses. — Le pancréas endocrine des animaux obèses était, morphologiquement, normal ou plus souvent hyperplasique avec parfois l'apparition d'îlots adénomateux. Les cellulesβ possédaient un complexe de Golgi et un réticulum endoplasmique proéminents et une granulation faible. De grosses cellules pauvres en granules et des figures mitotiques se montraient dans les îlots. Des changements dégénératifs se produisaient dans les cellulesβ des animaux diabétiques. — On suggère que le maintien des animaux dans les conditions de laboratoire avec libre accès au régime de laboratoire joue un rôle prédominant dans le développement de l'obésité et que le pancréas endocrine de ces animaux a une excellente capacité d'hyperplasie qui suffit souvent à maintenir la normoglycémie chez les animaux obèses, malgré la réduction de la tolérance au glucose.
    Abstract: Zusammenfassung In einer Zucht von mongolischen Rennmäusen mit einer Laboratoriumsstandarddiät wurden gelegentlich übergewichtige Tiere gefunden. Die Übergewichtigkeit entwickelte sich bei beiden Geschlechtern und war entweder vorübergehend oder blieb für immer bestehen. Der durchschnittliche Nüchternblutzuckerspiegel bei nicht übergewichtigen und übergewichtigen mongolischen Rennmäusen lag bei 83 bzw. 105 mg/100 ml. Glykosurie und Hyperglycämie wurden nur bei wenigen übergewichtigen Tieren gefunden, während die Glucosetoleranz bei den meisten übergewichtigen mongolischen Rennmäusen vermindert war. Das endokrine Pankreas von übergewichtigen Tieren war morphologisch entweder normal oder häufiger hyperplastisch, manchmal erschienen die Inseln adenomatös. Bei denβ-Zellen waren die Golgi-Komplexe und das Endoplasmatische Reticulum vorspringend und es fanden sich schwache Granulationen. In den Inseln wurden große, an Granula arme Zellen und mitotische Figuren gesehen. In denβ-Zellen diabetischer Tiere traten degenerative Veränderungen auf. — Es wird angenommen, daß das Halten von mongolischen Rennmäusen unter Laboratoriumsbedingungen mit freiem Zugang zu der Laboratoriumsnahrung eine größere Rolle bei der Entwicklung der Übergewichtigkeit spielt und daß das endokrine Pankreas dieser Tiere eine gute. Fähigkeit zur Hyperplasie besitzt, die oft ausreicht, um eine Normalglykämie bei übergewichtigen Tieren zu erhalten, obgleich die Glucosetoleranz abfällt.
    Notes: Summary In a colony of Mongolian gerbils maintained on a standard laboratory diet, occasional obese animals were found. Obesity developed in animals of both sexes and was either transitory or permanent. The mean fasting blood glucose level in non-obese and obese gerbils was 83 and 105mg/100 ml, respectively. Glucosuria and hyperglycemia were found only in a few obese animals, whereas the glucose tolerance was decreased in most obese gerbils. — The endocrine pancreas of the obese animals was morphologically either normal or more often hyperplastic, sometimes with the appearance of adenomatous islets. Theβ-cells possessed prominent Golgi complex and endoplasmic reticulum, and sparse granulation. Large, granule-poor, cells and mitotic figures were seen in the islets. Degenerative changes occurred in theβ-cells of diabetic animals. — It is suggested that the maintenance of the gerbils under laboratory conditions with free access to laboratory diet plays a major role in the development of obesity and that the endocrine pancreas of these animals has a good capacity for hyperplasia that often is sufficient to maintain normo-glycemia in obese animals, although the glucose tolerance is decreased.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Calcified tissue international 35 (1983), S. 533-537 
    ISSN: 1432-0827
    Keywords: Parathyroids ; Fluoride ; Calcium deficiency
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine , Physics
    Notes: Summary Forty 5-week-old rats were randomly divided into 1 control group given a normal diet and water low in fluoride (0.026 mM/1) and experimental group receiving the same basic diet and a fluoride supplement of 2.6 mMol/l in the drinking water. After 30 weeks, half of the fluoride-supplemented and half of the nonsupplemented animals were given a calcium-deficient diet for another 16 weeks. Parathyroid activity was estimated by determinations of serum levels of parathyroid hormone and by light microscopic, morphometric evaluation of randomized sections of the parathyroid glands. Serum iPTH and parathyroid nuclear size were significantly increased in the calcium-deficient animals without any fluoride supplement. Fluoride administration to animals on a normal diet did not cause any increase in the serum iPTH levels or in the morphometric parameters for nuclear size. Calcium-deficient animals given a fluoride supplement also showed normal serum iPTH levels and normal parathyroid nuclear size. It is therefore concluded that fluoride does not induce hyperparathyroidism and, further, that fluoride seems to inhibit increased parathyroid activity caused by calcium deficiency.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 26 (1972), S. 139-149 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Among 10 patients with primary malignant melanoma of the CNS, the tumour was localized to the brain in 7 cases (group I) and to the spinal cord in the remaining 3 cases (group II). A mean age of about 50 years and a male preponderance were found. In group I there were various neurological symptoms, and cerebral arteriography disclosed either vascular or non-vascular lesions. Diagnosis was made at light microscopic examination of material obtained at operation or autopsy. The tumour was either diffuse or localized and involved both the leptomeninges and cerebral parenchyma. After operation the patients survived for between 2 weeks and 7 months. In group II there were compression symptoms and pathological gas myelography. At operation tumours were found that involved the leptomeninges and medulla. Light microscopic examination showed malignant melanoma. The postoperative survival was longer (12 months-2 years and 9 months) than in group I.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Acta neurochirurgica 59 (1981), S. 231-237 
    ISSN: 0942-0940
    Keywords: Hodgkin's disease ; malignant lymphoma ; paragranuloma ; brainneoplasm ; craniotomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A case of primary Hodgkin's paragranuloma of the brain is described. The benignancy of the lesion is shown both by the microscopical appearance and by the clinical course of the disease. It seems that this is the first case of intracranial Hodgkin's paragranuloma to be described, and that all forms of the disease can affect the brain. The possible origin of the tumour is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Biochemical and Biophysical Research Communications 60 (1974), S. 1391-1396 
    ISSN: 0006-291X
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Experimental Cell Research 137 (1982), S. 25-29 
    ISSN: 0014-4827
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    General and Comparative Endocrinology 17 (1971), S. 236-239 
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    ISSN: 0016-6480
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    FEBS Letters 178 (1984), S. 245-248 
    ISSN: 0014-5793
    Keywords: Aconitase ; Alloxan ; Citric acid cycle ; Enzyme ; Mitochondria
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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