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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA methylation of the X chromosomes of the human female: an in situ semi-quantitative analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 104 (1996), S. 528-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. We present an in situ semi-quantitative analysis of the global DNA methylation of the X chromosomes of the human female using antibodies raised against 5-methylcytosine. The antibodies were revealed by immunofluorescence. Images were recorded by a CCD camera and the difference in intensity of fluorescence between active (early replicating) and inactive (late-replicating) X chromosomes was measured. Global hypomethylation of the late-replicating X chromosomal DNA was observed in three cases of fibroblast primary cultures that were characterized by numerical and structural aberrations of the X chromosomes [46,X,ter rea(X;X), 48,XXXX and 46,X,t(X;15)]. In these cases, the difference between early and late-replicating X chromosomes was significantly greater than the intra-metaphasic variations, measured for a pair of autosomes, that result from experimental procedures. In cells with normal karyotypes, the differences between the two X chromosomes were in the range of experimental variation. These results demonstrated that late replication and facultative heterochromatinization of the inactive X are two processes that are not related to global hypermethylation of the DNA.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352117
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Distribution of Mitomycin C-induced damage in human chromosomes with special reference to regions of repetitive DNA (1974)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 48 (1974), S. 203-211 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The distribution of gaps, breaks, exchanges and other effects induced by Mitomycin C on human chromosomes was analysed to examine the possibility of a correlation between chromosome lesions and regions of repetitive DNA. Homologous and non-homologous exchanges between chromosomes Nos. 1, 9 and 16, and also between and with the acrocentric chromosomes were more frequent than expected, but breaks and gaps appeared to be located randomly with regard to chromosome light and dark bands.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00283964
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    DNA methylation of the X chromosomes of the human female: an in situ semi-quantitative analysis (1996)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 104 (1996), S. 528-535 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract We present an in situ semi-quantitative analysis of the global DNA methylation of the X chromosomes of the human female using antibodies raised against 5-methylcytosine. The antibodies were revealed by immunofluorescence. Images were recorded by a CCD camera and the difference in intensity of fluorescence between active (early replicating) and inactive (late-replicating) X chromosomes was measured. Global hypomethylation of the late-replicating X chromosomal DNA was observed in three cases of fibroblast primary cultures that were characterized by numerical and structural aberrations of the X chromosomes [46,X,ter rea(X;X), 48,XXXX and 46,X,t(X;15)]. In these cases, the difference between early and late-replicating X chromosomes was significantly greater than the intrametaphasic variations, measured for a pair of autosomes, that result from experimental procedures. In cells with normal karyotypes, the differneces between the two X chromosomes were in the range of experimental variation. These results demonstrated that late replication and facultative heterochromatinization of the inactive X are two processes that are not related to global hypermethylation of the DNA
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00352117
    Library Location Call Number Volume/Issue/Year Availability
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Evidence for the existence of a nucleolar skeleton attached to the pore complex-lamina in human fibroblasts (1987)
    Springer
    Chromosoma 95 (1987), S. 315-323 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0886
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract This work deals with the types of nuclear skeletal structures obtained from human fibroblast nuclei isolated by different procedures. It is confirmed that, in somatic vertebrate cells, the pore complex-lamina is always observed, whereas the presence of internal nucleolar and extranucleolar residual structures depends upon the method of nuclear isolation used. Furthermore, the results reported here argue for the existence of a nucleolar skeleton different from the nucleolar matrix often observed in different cell types by other investigators. The conditions of nuclear isolation which allow us to visualize this nucleolar skeleton without any other internal residual structures are described. The attachment of the nucleolar skeleton to the lamina suggested by the present data is considered in relation to the in situ position of nucleoli near the nuclear envelope.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293178
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The nuclear skeleton and the spatial arrangement of chromosomes in the interphase nucleus of vertebrate somatic cells (1986)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 74 (1986), S. 1-15 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The topologic distribution of interphase chromosomes estabilished by using various cytologic methods and data concerning the DNA-nuclear skeleton interactions in isolated nuclear fractions were reviewed and discussed. Comparison of these different data clearly showed that the position of chromosomes observed in situ is in agreement with the results obtained from isolated nuclear fractions, indicating that all DNA molecules are bound to the peripheral nuclear skeleton. Moreover, the in situ position of the rDNA near the nuclear envelope can be correlated with the existence of a nuclear skeleton connected to the peripheral nuclear skeleton. Taking into account the discrepant results regarding the actual existence of an internal nuclear skeleton, we attempted to analyze how the various nuclear skeletal structures described in the literature can be involved in both the distribution of chromosomes and in their chromatin organization. As many questions are still unanswered, we considered the modes of investigation that seem to be the most promising.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00278778
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    New data on the in situ position of the inactive X chromosome in the interphase nucleus of human fibroblasts (1985)
    Springer
    Human genetics 〈Berlin〉 69 (1985), S. 122-129 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1203
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The in situ spatial distribution of nucleolus-organizing-region (NOR) bearing chromosomes in relation to the inactive X chromosome was studied during interphase in human fibroblasts. The respective positions of these chromosomes were examined in 30 growing and 32 resting fibroblasts from reconstructed nuclei, using nucleoli and the Barr body as ultrastructural markers. Experimental values for the distance between the nucleoli and the Barr body were estimated by their coefficient of closeness and compared to the uniform distribution. The following results were obtained: (1) the distribution patterns for the two populations of nuclei were similar, (2) the distribution of the NOR-bearing chromosomes in relation to the inactive X chromosome varied and differed significantly from a uniform distribution, and (3) in many cases the Barr body was observed to be in a juxta-nucleolar position. The internal distribution revealed by this study is compared with the data in the literature, especially with the conflicting data obtained by other methods used to determine the interphase arrangement of chromosomes. The relationship between interphase and metaphase arrangements such as can be deduced with these methods, is discussed in relation to the mechanisms of the formation of metaphase plates or chromatid translocations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00293281
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Scanning ion analytical microscopy for high-resolution detection of 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation in metaphase chromosomes (1996)
    Springer
    Chromosome research 4 (1996), S. 574-582 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6849
    Keywords: 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine incorporation ; chromosome structure ; immunostaining ; scanning ion microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract We investigated the possibilities of using scanning ion analytical microscopy (SIAM) to detect bromine in human metaphase chromosomes. The experiments were performed after incorporation of the thymidine analogue, 5-bromo-2′-deoxyuridine (BrdU), into the DNA or byin situ hybridization of a BrdU-labelled probe for the subcentromeric repeated DNA sequences. The possibilities offered by this microanalytical method were compared with immunofluorescent staining techniques. Well-defined maps of bands containing bromine were obtained with metaphase chromosomes that had incorporated BrdU during the late S-phase. Their patterns were similar to the labelling obtained by immunofluorescence. In addition, SIAM reveals the presence of bromine within constitutive heterochromatic regions in which BrdU is poorly detected by immunofluorescence. The comparison of the12C14N,31P and81Br maps of controls and fluorescence plus Giemsa (FPG) metaphase chromosomes, shows the loss of bromine from DNA during this treatment. SIAM emerges as a new powerful microanalytical technology for investigating chromosome structure further.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02261720
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