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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Applying Steinberg's model to the Hugoniot elastic limit of porous boron carbide specimens (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 69 (1991), S. 7890-7891 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Plate-impact experiments were performed on boron carbide specimens, having different porosities, in order to measure their Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL) values. The measurements were performed with commercial manganin gauges embedded at the back surface of the specimen and backed by a thick Plexiglas disk. The measured values show an almost linear decrease in the HEL values between 194 kbar (For the fully dense material) to 96 kbar for a specimen with 16.3% porosity. These values were compared with a theoretical model [suggested by D. Steinberg (LLL report LLL-UCID-16946, 1975)] which accounts for the dependence of the HEL on porosity, and the agreement is shown to be good.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.347524
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic high-pressure properties of AlN ceramic as determined by flyer plate impact (1991)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 70 (1991), S. 167-171 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The dynamic properties of hot-pressed aluminum nitride ceramics were determined in a series of plate impact experiments using longitudinal and transverse in-material manganin gauges. The Hugoniot curve for hot pressed specimens was determined in the range of 0–190 kbar with a value of 94±2 kbar for the Hugoniot elastic limit (HEL). Using both gauge orientations, the stress deviator in the specimens was determined as the difference between longitudinal and transverse stresses. It was found that the stress deviator remains relatively constant above the HEL, and is about 10% higher than the value at the HEL point. The inferred Hugoniot converges to the extrapolation of the hydrostat. Since the convergence is not due to loss of strength, it may be due to a phase change in the AlN from low-pressure (wurtzite) structure to high-pressure (rocksalt) structure.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.350337
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comment on "Equation of state of aluminum nitride and its shock response'' [J. Appl. Phys. 76, 4077 (1994)] (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 5854-5856 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: A recent article by Dandekar, Abbate, and Frankel [J. Appl. Phys. 76, 4077 (1994)] reviews existing data on high-pressure properties of aluminum nitride (AlN) in an effort to build an equation of state for this material. A rather large portion of that article is devoted to the shear strength of AlN and, in particular, to our data of 1991 with longitudinal and lateral stress gauges [Z. Rosenberg, N. S. Brar, and S. J. Bless, J. Appl. Phys. 70, 167 (1991)]. Since our highest data point has an error of 1 GPa, much of the discussion and conclusions of Dandekar and co-workers are not relevant once this error in data reduction is corrected. We also discuss the relevance of our shear strength data for various issues, such as the phase transformation of AlN at 20 GPa and the general shape of Hugoniot curves for brittle solids. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.359620
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The influence of the elasto-plastic properties of piezoresistance gauges on their loading-unloading characteristics as lateral shock stress transducers (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 77 (1995), S. 1443-1448 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The elasto-plastic properties of piezoresistance gauges influence their response as stress transducers in shock-wave experiments. In the present article, we discuss these relations for lateral stress gauges upon shock loading and unloading. It is shown that piezoresistance response in the elastic range of the gauge material depends on the properties of the matrix material. On the other hand, these gauges have a unique calibration curve, both for loading and unloading, within their plastic range. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.358891
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Accounting for the crossover phenomenon in the response of longitudinal and transverse piezoresistance gauges in shock wave experiments (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 63 (1988), S. 349-354 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The response of a transverse piezoresistance gauge under plane shock wave loading is different than that of a longitudinal piezoresistance gauge. For a given combination of gauge and embedding matrix the response of the transverse gauge can be higher than that of the longitudinal gauge in a certain range of shock stresses, and lower at a different stress range. This "crossover phenomenon'' defines a certain stress level (σ*), for which the response of the two gauges is equal. In this paper we analyze this crossover of the gauge's responses analytically. The analysis accounts for the crossover stress in terms of the yield strength of gauge material and the deviatoric stresses in the embedding matrix. We show that when the yield strength of the gauge is higher than that of the matrix, there is no crossover of the gauge's response. Experimental results are presented to support the analysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.340246
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Piezoresistance response of ytterbium foil gauges shocked to 45 kbar in fused silica matrix (1987)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 61 (1987), S. 1304-1310 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Resistance change at peak stress and the residual resistance change of ytterbium foil gauges embedded at different depths in fused silica matrix were determined under shock loading to a stress of 45 kbar. The results show that for a given peak stress, the gauge response was unchanged for an order of magnitude variation (103–104 kbar/μs) in the loading rate. Measured resistance change at peak stress and upon unloading agree very well with the analytic model calculations for stresses up to 30 kbar in the fused silica. Peak resistance change values in the present work have been reconciled with earlier ytterbium data in a polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) matrix on the basis of differences in longitudinal stress in the gauge foils for the two materials (polymethylmethacrylate and fused silica) and differences in the electromechanical constants of the two sets of foils. Above 30 kbar stress in the fused silica, measured resistance values are lower than the calculated values. This difference is attributed to changes in the ytterbium as a result of the initiation of the fcc to bcc phase transition. The resistance change-time profile from the 45-kbar experiment shows a strongly time-dependent behavior suggesting that a significant fraction of the material has been transformed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.338108
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Measuring sound velocities along release adiabats with Manganin stress gauges (1988)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Review of Scientific Instruments 59 (1988), S. 991-993 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7623
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics , Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology
    Notes: We propose a new technique to measure the state of shock-loaded specimens along their release adiabats. The technique is based on symmetric impacts of equal thickness flyer and target disks. A Manganin stress gauge is embedded at the back of the target and backed by a thick Plexiglas disk. The stresses at the specimen–Plexiglas interface are relieved in a stepwise manner which is typical for this type of experiment. From the time duration between consecutive release waves one can determine the sound speed in the released specimen. Drastic changes in sound speed, as in melting, can be detected by these time durations adding more information on the state of the specimen as it unloads from very high shock stresses.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1139768
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Impact-induced failure waves in glass bars and plates (1991)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 59 (1991), S. 3396-3398 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: Glass bars and plates were subjected to impact loading. Failure waves were observed to propagate behind the compression waves. Material traversed by the failure wave suffers total loss of tensile strength and substantial drop in shear strength. Failure wave propagation velocities exceed the maximum crack propagation speed, but are not constant. In bars, failure wave speed range from 2.3 to 5.2 mm/μs, increasing with increasing impact velocity; in plates, the wave speed is about 2 mm/μs. The failure is "explosive'' in nature, leading to radial expansion in bars and an increase in mean stress in plates.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.105686
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dynamic unloading behavior of soda lime glass (1989)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 66 (1989), S. 593-595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: An experimental study was conducted to see if the reverberation plate technique, using commercial manganin stress gauges, could be used to determine the dynamic unloading behavior of brittle materials. Using a 50-mm powder gun, plate impact experiments were conducted on soda lime glass, providing unloading data from stress states from below the Hugoniot elastic limit to 17.0 GPa. The slopes of the unloading paths were found to increase as the peak compressive stress was increased. Such unloading behavior is similar to that of quartz, suggesting that the technique is viable.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.343575
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cultural issues in housing and planning - Tenth inter-school conference on development, University College London, 29-30 March, 1993
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Habitat International 18 (1994), S. 91-94 
    Details
    ISSN: 0197-3975
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Geography , Sociology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0197-3975(94)90043-4
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