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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766 can improve existing neuropathy in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats (1993)
    Springer
    Acta diabetologica 30 (1993), S. 21-24 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-5233
    Keywords: ACTH4–9 ; Experimental diabetic neuropathy ; Neuropeptide
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of treatment of an existing neuropathy in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats with the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766 was examined. Four groups of rats were studied: group 1 consisted of age-matched, non-diabetic controls and groups 2, 3 and 4 of diabetic rats. Sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity (SNCV and MNCV) were measured at weeks 0, 4, 6, 8 and 10. Four weeks after the administration of streptozocin (STZ) all diabetic rats showed a significant slowing of SNCV and MNCV. Treatment was then started: group 2 was treated with placebo, group 3 with a low dos (1 μg) of ACTH4–9 subcutaneously every 48h, and group 4 with a high dos (10 μg) of ACTH4–9 subcutaneously every 48 h. The animals treated with the high peptide dosage showed a significant improvement in both SNCV and MNCV from week 6 onwards, whereas this beneficial effect was not demonstrated for the rats treated with the low dosage. This study demonstrates that the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766 can ameliorate existing diabetic neuropathy in STZ-induced diabetic rats.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00572869
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Poor predicting values in obtaining non-insulin requiring remission using proinsulin/C-peptide ratios (1991)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 34 (1991), S. 201-201 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00418277
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Potential use of glutathione for the prevention and treatment of diabetic neuropathy in the streptozotocin-induced diabetic rat (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 813-817 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; diabetic neuropathy ; oxidative stress ; glutathione ; nerve conduction velocity ; streptozotocin rat model
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary It has been shown that parameters of oxidative stress are increased in experimental diabetic neuropathy. The glutathione redox system is one of the intracellular scavenger systems for neutralizing free oxygen radicals. In this investigation we studied the effect of glutathione-treatment on the development of diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats by measuring sensory and motor nerve conduction velocities. The total study period was 10 weeks. Four groups of rats were studied: Group 1 consisted of non-diabetic, age-matched control rats; Group 2, of diabetic rats treated with placebo from week 0 to 10; Group 3, of diabetic rats treated with 200 mg glutathione/kg body weight i. v. two times per week from weeks 0 to 10; and Group 4, of diabetic rats treated with placebo from weeks 0 to 4 and as Group 3 from weeks 4 to 10. The sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity of rats treated prophylactically with glutathione (Group 3) were significantly different from those of rats treated with placebo (Group 2) or with glutathione administered at a later time point (Group 4). Complete restoration of sensory and motor nerve conduction velocity was not reached. There was a significant improvement in motor nerve conduction velocity from weeks 4 to 6 (p〈0.005), but not in sensory nerve conduction velocity in the delayed treatment group (Group 4). In conclusion, treatment with glutathione, a free radical scavenger, is partially effective in the prevention of diabetic neuropathy in streptozotocin-induced diabetic rats, but is of limited value when the neuropathy is already present.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00399926
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral function in diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetes mellitus ; complications ; brain ; cerebral dysfunction ; cognitive dysfunction ; pathogenesis ; cerebral blood flow ; hypoglycaemia ; hyperglycaemia ; review
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder associated with chronic complications such as nephropathy, angiopathy, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes is not often considered to have deleterious effects on the brain. However, long-term diabetes results in a variety of subtle cerebral disorders, which occur more frequently than is commonly believed. Diabetic cerebral disorders have been demonstrated at a neurochemical, electrophysiological, structural and cognitive level; however, the pathogenesis is still not clear. Probably alterations in cerebral blood supply and metabolic derangements play a role, as they do in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, the brain is also affected by recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia and poor metabolic control. We describe herein the cerebral manifestations of diabetes and discuss the putative pathogenetic mechanisms.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417687
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Subclinical diabetic neuropathy: similarities between electrophysiological results of patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1992)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 35 (1992), S. 690-695 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Diabetic neuropathy ; Type 1 (insulin-depend-ent) diabetes mellitus ; Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus ; comparative study
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Type 1 (insulin-dependent) and Type 2 (non-insulin-dependent) diabetic patients share many clinical and biochemical characteristics. However, sural nerve biopsies from patients with advanced and chronic neuropathy show ultrastructural differences between these two groups. We investigated whether at a subclinical stage of the illness, when Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients are clinically uniform and the histopathological nerve alterations are not advanced, comparison between the two diabetes groups might show differences in nerve fibre involvement related to the different pathogeneses of the neuropathies. A total of 88 diabetic patients (52 Type 1 and 36 Type 2), with a subclinical form of polyneuropathy were selected. The clinical neurophysiological examination consisted of motor and sensory nerve conduction studies, Hoffmann (H)-reflex, single fibre electromyography and static as well as dynamic pupillometry. With regard to clinical neurophysiological abnormalities, the severity of the polyneuropathy appeared to be equal in both groups. Despite the absence of clinical symptoms the neurophysiological abnormalities were pronounced and it was impossible to differentiate Type 1 diabetic patients from Type 2 diabetic patients on a clinical neurophysiology basis when correcting for differences in age, height, and duration of illness. In the Type 1 diabetic group as well as in the Type 2 diabetic group the autonomic nerve fibres and nerves in the legs were more frequently affected than the thick myelinated nerves in the arms. These findings do not support the assumption that there is a difference in the manifestation of polyneuropathy between Type 1 and Type 2 diabetic patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00400264
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relationships between dyspeptic symptoms and gastrointestinal motility in patients with Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus (1993)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 36 (1993), S. 948-954 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Autonomic neuropathy ; stomach ; antroduo denojejunal manometry ; dyspeptic symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Reports on motor abnormalities in Type 1 (insulin-dependent) diabetes mellitus are inconsistent. In 20 Type 1 diabetic patients and in 11 control subjects antroduodenojejunal manometry was performed under euglycaemic conditions in order to examine the prevalence of gastric and small intestinal motor abnormalities in relation to dyspeptic symptoms and the degree of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. In diabetic patients compared to control subjects phase III (regular, high-amplitude contractile activity at maximal frequency) involved the gastric antrum less often (12 vs 35%,p〈0.05), the duration of phase I (motor quiescence) was shorter (6±1 vs 21±4 min,p〈0.002) and in phase II (irregular motor activity) the frequency of duodenal and jejunal contractions was higher. After a meal the duration of the fed state was shorter in diabetic patients with symptoms during the study than in diabetic patients without symptoms and than in control subjects (57±27 vs 157±11 and 140±13 min,p〈0.02). Postprandial antral hypomotility was seen in diabetic patients with symptoms only in the first 30 min after the meal. One hour after the meal the frequency of duodenal and jejunal contractions was again higher in diabetic patients. In diabetic patients compared to control subjects more burst activity (clusters of non-propagated high-amplitude contractile activity at maximal frequency) was seen (7.9±1.6 vs 0.8±0.5% of the total time of study,p〈0.002). No correlation was found between manometric parameters and the degree of cardiac autonomic neuropathy. In conclusion, in Type 1 diabetic patients with cardiac autonomic neuropathy a variety of gastric and small intestinal motor abnormalities can be found. The most important of these is hyperactivity in the interdigestive state. These abnormalities correlate with symptoms, but are not related to the severity of cardiac autonomic neuropathy.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02374478
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766 in IDDM patients with neuropathy (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 408-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words ACTH4–9 analogue, diabetic neuropathy.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study we report a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of ORG 2766 in IDDM patients with peripheral neuropathy. Sixty-two patients were selected based on the following criteria: abnormal vibration perception threshold above the 95th-percentile adjusted for age and/or abnormal warm temperature threshold, both measured in the right hand. The patients were randomized into two treatment groups after baseline studies: Group 1 was treated with placebo and Group 2 was treated with 3 mg of the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766 every 24 h. The total study period was 1 year. After 1 year of treatment there was a significant improvement in vibration threshold in Group 1 compared to Group 2. No other parameters improved in the study period. The number of patients selected may have been too small to detect a more important treatment effect. We conclude from this study that ORG 2766 can improve vibration threshold, indicating large myelinated fibre function, but does not affect any the other neurophysiological function tests. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 408–413]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408479
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Cerebral function in diabetes mellitus (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 643-650 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: Key words Diabetes mellitus, complications, brain, cerebral dysfunction, cognitive dysfunction, pathogenesis, cerebral blood flow, hypoglycaemia, hyperglycaemia, review.
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary Diabetes mellitus is a common metabolic disorder associated with chronic complications such as nephropathy, angiopathy, retinopathy and peripheral neuropathy. Diabetes is not often considered to have deleterious effects on the brain. However, long-term diabetes results in a variety of subtle cerebral disorders, which occur more frequently than is commonly believed. Diabetic cerebral disorders have been demonstrated at a neurochemical, electrophysiological, structural and cognitive level; however, the pathogenesis is still not clear. Probably alterations in cerebral blood supply and metabolic derangements play a role, as they do in the pathogenesis of diabetic neuropathy. Furthermore, the brain is also affected by recurrent episodes of hypoglycaemia and poor metabolic control. We describe herein the cerebral manifestations of diabetes and discuss the putative pathogenetic mechanisms. [Diabetologia (1994) 37: 643–650]
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00417687
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
    Fulltext
  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766 in IDDM patients with neuropathy (1994)
    Springer
    Diabetologia 37 (1994), S. 408-413 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0428
    Keywords: ACTH4–9 analogue ; diabetic neuropathy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary In this study we report a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial to evaluate the effect of ORG 2766 in IDDM patients with peripheral neuropathy. Sixty-two patients were selected based on the following criteria: abnormal vibration perception threshold above the 95th-percentile adjusted for age and/or abnormal warm temperature threshold, both measured in the right hand. The patients were randomized into two treatment groups after baseline studies: Group 1 was treated with placebo and Group 2 was treated with 3 mg of the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766 every 24 h. The total study period was 1 year. After 1 year of treatment there was a significant improvement in vibration threshold in Group 1 compared to Group 2. No other parameters improved in the study period. The number of patients selected may have been too small to detect a more important treatment effect. We conclude from this study that ORG 2766 can improve vibration threshold, indicating large myelinated fibre function, but does not affect any the other neurophysiological function tests.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00408479
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Gastric myoelectrical activity in patients with type I diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy (1994)
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 39 (1994), S. 2376-2383 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: electrogastrography ; diabetes mellitus ; autonomic neuropathy ; gastric myoelectrical activity ; dyspeptic symptoms
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract In patients with diabetes mellitus and gastroparesis, dysrhythmias of gastric myoelectrical activity, especially tachygastrias, are thought to be involved in the pathogenesis of dyspeptic symptoms. Using surface electrogastrography we studied the prevalence of these abnormalities, and their relationships to dyspeptic symptoms and the extent of cardiac autonomic neuropathy in 30 euglycemic patients with type I diabetes mellitus and 12 controls. Neither in the fasting nor in the postprandial state were differences in mean frequency of gastric electrical control activity and its variability found between patients and controls. In the fasting state, the power content of the 3 cpm component in the power spectrum of the electrogastrogram was even higher in patients than in controls (P=0.049). In the fasting state, second harmonics of the 3 cpm fundamental gastric signal were seen more often in patients than in controls (P=0.03). In patients with symptoms during the study, no second harmonics were found after the meal. The postprandial/fasting power ratio was decreased in patients with symptoms during the study as compared to patients without symptoms and controls (P〈0.05). The incidence of dysrhythmias, such as tachygastrias and bradygastrias, was not higher in patients than in controls (17% and 8%, respectively). No correlation was found between electrogastrographic parameters and the severity of autonomic neuropathy or dyspeptic symptoms scored before the study. In conclusion, this study has shown that patients with type I diabetes mellitus and autonomic neuropathy studied under euglycemic conditions do not have grossly disturbed myoelectrical activity, except when symptomatic during the study.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02087654
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