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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Social Science & Medicine 36 (1993), S. 1331-1334 
    ISSN: 0277-9536
    Keywords: Malaysia ; child mortality ; regional differentials
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Discrete & computational geometry 24 (2000), S. 35-48 
    ISSN: 1432-0444
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Computer Science , Mathematics
    Notes: Abstract. This paper addresses three questions related to minimal triangulations of a three-dimensional convex polytope P . • Can the minimal number of tetrahedra in a triangulation be decreased if one allows the use of interior points of P as vertices? • Can a dissection of P use fewer tetrahedra than a triangulation? • Does the size of a minimal triangulation depend on the geometric realization of P ? The main result of this paper is that all these questions have an affirmative answer. Even stronger, the gaps of size produced by allowing interior vertices or by using dissections may be linear in the number of points.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chichester : Wiley-Blackwell
    Organic Magnetic Resonance 3 (1971), S. 325-330 
    ISSN: 0030-4921
    Keywords: Chemistry ; Analytical Chemistry and Spectroscopy
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Description / Table of Contents: As is well known, the relative intensities of NMR hyperfinestructure-lines (spin-spin-coupling) under the influence of n neighbouring protons (I = ½) are given by the binomial coefficients and Pascal's triangle. For n equivalent neighbouring nuclei with I 〉 ½ a simple equation for the evaluation of intensities is not known. On the other hand the determination of the high values out of the possible arrangements of the spins is very circumstantial.Arranging the values in n lines, one obtains a kind of ‘Pascal's triangles of higher order’, which show the following qualities: (a) They are symmetric, (b) The sum of the values in the nth line is always (2I + 1)n, (c) Each value in one of the triangles is calculable as the sum of r values of the preceding line. Thereby it is r = 2I + 1.For the evaluation of the vth value in the nth line of any one of the triangles a recursion-formula is given.Furthermore it is shown, that a direct evaluation, without the knowledge of the values in the preceding line, is also possible up to any high values of n and I by the equation: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ x_r (n,\,v) = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^a {(- 1)^k} \left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ k \\\end{array}} \right)\left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n + r - kr - 2} \\ {n - 1} \\\end{array}} \right) $$\end{document} Thereby a is the greatest whole positive number ≦(v - 1)/r and ≦n.With the assumption, that the spin-spin-coupling J is small compared to the chemical shift Δv*, the intensity ratios of the lines can be calculated by the given equation in a simple way as is shown by some examples.
    Notes: Die relativen Intensitäten der kernmagnetischen Hyperfeinstrukturlinien sind bei n aequivalenten, benachbarten Protonen (I = ½) bekanntlich durch die Binomialkoeffizienten und das Pascalsche Dreieck gegeben. Bei n aequivalenten, benachbarten Kernen mit I 〉 ½ ist eine einfache Berechnungsformel für die relativen Intensitäten nicht bekannt, andrerseits ist die Ermittlung der sehr großen Zahlen aus den Anordnungsmöglichkeiten der Spins sehr umständlich.Ordnet man die Zahlen wiederum in n Reihen an, so erhält man ‘Pascalsche Dreiecke höherer Ordnung’. Sie sing (a) symmetrisch, (b) Die Summe der Zahlen der n-ten Reihe ist stets (2I + 1)n und (c) Es ergibt sich jede Zahl in irgendeinem der Dreiecke als Summe der r darüberstehenden Zahlen, wobei r = 2I + 1 ist.Für die Berechung der v-ten Zahl in der n-ten Reihe eines beliebigen Dreiecks höherer Ordnung wird eine Rekursionsformel angegeben.Weitergehend wird gezeigt, daß auch eine direkte Berechnung, ohne Kenntnis der Zahlen der voraufgehenden Reihe, bei beliebig hohen Werten von n und I aus der Beziehung: \documentclass{article}\pagestyle{empty}\begin{document}$$ x_r (n,\,v) = \sum\limits_{k = 0}^a {(- 1)^k} \left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} n \\ k \\\end{array}} \right)\left({\begin{array}{*{20}c} {n + r - kr - 2} \\ {n - 1} \\\end{array}} \right) $$\end{document} möglich ist. Darin ist a die größte ganze, psotive Zahl ≦(v - 1)/r und ≦n.Unter der Voraussetzung, daß die Hyperfeinstruktur-Aufspaltung J klein gegenüber der chemischen Verschiebungsdifferenz Δν* ist, lassen sich die relativen Intensitäten der Hyperfeinstrukturlinien aus der Formel in sehr einfacher Weise berechnen, wie an einigen Beispielen gezeigt wird.
    Additional Material: 1 Tab.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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