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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The earliest alterations in rat neurones and astrocytes after anoxia-ischaemia (1973)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 23 (1973), S. 9-22 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Earliest Ischaemic Neuronal Change ; Astrocytic Swelling ; Mitochondrial Swelling ; Electron Microscopy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A combined light and electron microscope study was made of the alterations occurring in the neurones and astrocytes of the neocortex and hippocampus of rats killed immediately after intermittent exposures to nitrogen of 5 and 15 min. Blood flow in the right common carotid artery had previously been interrupted by application of an artery clasp which was removed after the exposure to nitrogen and the animals killed by perfusion-fixation with glutaraldehyde. Microvacuolation (MV), the earliest stage of anoxic-ischaemic neuronal damage, was observed in the ipsilateral neocortex and hippocampus of both groups and ischaemic cell change (ICC) bilaterally in the neocortex of animals exposed for 15 min. Ultrastructural examination showed the microvacuoles to be swollen mitochondria. Slightly dense, mildly distorted, non-vacuolated neurones were also seen in the neocortex and hippocampus. They did not exhibit the ultrastructural changes seen in MV and ICC. Swollen astrocytic processes were sometimes seen around the damaged neurones, more frequently after 15 min exposure. Slight swelling of perivascular astrocytic processes was occasionally observed while the extracullular spaces in the neuropil remained unaltered. This implies that the accumulation of fluid in oedematous grey matter is confined to the astrocytic compartment. The reversibility or otherwise of all the neuronal alterations is discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00689000
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Remarks on the papers by C.-D. agardh et al./H. Kalimo et al. (1981)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 55 (1981), S. 319-322 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00690996
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Regional variations in nerve cell responses to trimethyltin intoxication in Mongolian gerbils and rats; further evidence for involvement of the Golgi apparatus (1990)
    Springer
    Acta neuropathologica 81 (1990), S. 204-212 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Rat ; Mongolian gerbil ; Trimethyltin ; Dense bodies ; Golgi appratus
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The different responses of neurons with distinctive variations in morphology and function, confirm earlier observations of the lack of uniformity in the reaction of nerve cells to trimethyltin. Thus, hippocampal pyramidal and cortical neurons in both rat and Mongolian gerbil (M. unguiculatus) show abundant lysosomal dense bodies and disorganisation of the protein-synthesising apparatus. Cerebellar Purkinje cells in gerbil, but not in rat, show striking increases in smooth membrane systems, while dense bodies are insignificant in both species; large motor-type neurons in brain stem and spinal cord in both species do not accumulate dense bodies, but their rough endoplasmic reticulum (RER) may undergo intense vacuolation with or without subsequent cell death; and by contrast, spinal ganglion cells of both species may form an excess of dense bodies and, in the gerbil, vacuolation of RER. In contrast with these varied responses to trimethyltin most neurons, large and small, in both species regularly undergo striking vacuolation of the Golgi apparatus in the earliest phase of the intoxication, a constant feature that probably reflects the site of the primary cytotoxic lesion; all other changes we consider are secondary to such damage to the Golgi apparatus, however this may come about. These observations are discussed in relation to earlier reports of the variable effects of trimethyltin and with the metabolic changes reported in trimethyltin intoxication that in general accord with these morphological conclusions.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00334509
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The toxicity and neuropathology of 2,4,5-tribromoimidazole and its derivatives in rats (1984)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 56 (1984), S. 109-112 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: 2,4,5-Tribromoimidazole ; Rat ; Neuronal necrosis ; Uncoupling of oxidative phosphorylation ; Ataxia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract 2,4,5-tribromoimidazole and its 1-n-butylcarboxylate and 1-dimethylcarbamoyl derivatives, when administered to rats, induced poisoning typical of uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation. At 48 h rats surviving a single toxic dose of 20–60 mg/kg developed permanent incoordination of the hindlimbs in the absence of brain oedema. Neuropathologic examination of brain and spinal cord from perfused fixed rats at 24 h revealed neuronal necrosis and chromatolysis in the vestibular nucleus, the outer parietal neocortex and red nucleus. Chromatolysis and necrosis in these areas had increased at 72–96 h and were also observed in the deeper layers of the neocortex, the medial entorhinal cortex, the reticular formation, the grey matter of the spinal cord extending into the ventral horns, the dorsal, and ventral cochlear nuclei and the deep cerebellar nuclei, in decreasing order of severity. Neuronal necrosis was accompanied by an increased glial response, including neuronophagia and at 16 days with astroglial hypertrophy and hyperplasia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00349081
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The comparative toxicology of ethyl- and methylmercury (1985)
    Springer
    Archives of toxicology 57 (1985), S. 260-267 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0738
    Keywords: Methylmercury ; Ethylmercury ; Neurotoxicity ; Renotoxicity ; Decomposition
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Neurotoxicity and renotoxicity were compared in rats given by gastric gavage five daily doses of 8.0 mg Hg/kg methyl- or ethylmercuric chloride or 9.6 mg Hg/kg ethylmercuric chloride. Three or 10 days after the last treatment day rats treated with either 8.0 or 9.6 mg Hg/kg ethylmercury had higher total or organic mercury concentrations in blood and lower concentrations in kidneys and brain than methylmercury-treated rats. In each of these tissues the inorganic mercury concentration was higher after ethyl than after methylmercury. Weight loss relative to the expected body weight and renal damage was higher in ethylmercury-treated rats than in rats given equimolar doses of methylmercury. These effects became more severe when the dose of ethylmercury was increased by 20%. Thus in renotoxicity the renal concentration of inorganic mercury seems to be more important than the concentration of organic or total mercury. In methylmercury-treated rats damage and inorganic mercury deposits were restricted to the P2 region of the proximal tubules, while in ethylmercury-treated rats the distribution of mercury and damage was more widespread. There was little difference in the neurotoxicities of methylmercury and ethylmercury when effects on the dorsal root ganglia or coordination disorders were compared. Based on both criteria, an equimolar dose of ethylmercury was less neurotoxic than methylmercury, but a 20% increase in the dose of ethylmercury was enough to raise the sum of coordination disorder scores slightly and ganglion damage significantly above those in methylmercury-treated rats. In spite of the higher inorganic mercury concentration in the brain of ethylmercurythan in the brain of methylmercury-treated rats, the granular layer damage in the cerebellum was widespread only in the methylmercury-treated rats. Thus inorganic mercury or dealkylation cannot be responsible for granular layer damage in alkylmercury intoxication. Moreover, histochemistry demonstrated no inorganic mercury deposits in the granular layer.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00324789
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Dehydrochlorination of DDT by Resistant Houseflies and Mosquitoes (1956)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 178 (1956), S. 368-369 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Two instances of DDT-resistance in mosquitoes were then investigated. (1) Resistant salt-marshmosquitoes (A. taeniorhynchus admixed with A. sollicitans) from Cocoa Beach, Florida, where DDT-resistance was first reported in 1949 and which has since been liberally treated with lindane, dieldrin and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/178368b0
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Factors in the Attractiveness of Bodies for Mosquitoes (1951)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 167 (1951), S. 202-202 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] As a measure of the comparative attractancy of the two robots, the number of landings made by mosquitoes in a given period of time (either 1 or 2 minutes) was counted in a system of replicates. Since position error was insignificant, both normally being equally attractive, any change in the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/167202a0
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Lysine as a Mosquito Attractant (1961)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 189 (1961), S. 508-509 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Our experiments on Aedes aegypti were guided by an old report5 that peptone and certain amino-acids had shown attractiveness for A. sollicitans, and by the fact that protein hydrolysates are employed successfully as baits for fruit flies. Control and experimental solutions were exposed on ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/189508a0
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The First Twenty-Five Years of the Annual Review of Entomology: An Overview (1980)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 25 (1980), S. xi 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.25.010180.005033
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Responses of Arthropod Natural Enemies to Insecticides (1975)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Entomology 20 (1975), S. 285-335 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4170
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.en.20.010175.001441
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