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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Quantification of denitrification in flooded soils as affected by rice establishment method
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Soil Biology and Biochemistry 25 (1993), S. 843-848 
    Details
    ISSN: 0038-0717
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Biology , Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0038-0717(93)90086-Q
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Relating Preseason Soil Nitrogen to Maize Yield in Tree Legume-Maize Rotations (1998)
    Springer
    Soil Science Society of America journal 62 (1998), S. 1604-1609 
    Details
    ISSN: 1435-0661
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Geosciences , Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Legumes can be an important source of N for cereals in tropical, subsistence farming systems that use little or no fertilizers. Our objective was to identify measures of soil N availability, following growth of diverse legumes, that correlated with yield of a subsequent unfertilized maize (Zea mays L.) crop. Unfertilized maize followed nine 3-yr-old systems (six monocultures of planted trees legumes, a groundnut [Arachis hypogea L.]-maize-soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] rotation, an uncultivated fallow with natural regrowth of vegetation, and unfertilized maize monoculture) in two experiments on a Ustic Rhodustalf in eastern Zambia. Total soil C and N before maize planting were not related to grain yield of maize. Preseason soil inorganic N (NO3 + NH4), aerobic N mineralization, and light-fraction N (N in macroorganic matter, 150-2000 μm and 〈1.37 Mg m-3) at 0- to 15-cm depth correlated (P 〈 0.01) with maize grain yield. Preseason inorganic N combined with light-fraction N accounted for 59% of the variance in maize grain yield. The predictability of maize yield was slightly improved (64% of the variance) by including the population of the parasitic weed striga [Striga asiatica (L.) Kuntze] with preseason inorganic N and light-fraction N. The results suggest that yield of unfertilized, rain-fed maize following different rotational systems on a N-limiting soil in an area with monomodal rainfall was strongly related to the additive effects of preseason soil inorganic N and a soil N fraction related to N mineralization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Competition in tree row agroforestry systems. 1. Distribution and dynamics of fine root length and biomass (2000)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 227 (2000), S. 149-161 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: agroforestry ; Grevillea robusta ; maize ; root competition ; root length ; Senna spectabilis
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract Complementarity in the distribution of tree and crop root systems is important to minimise competition for resources whilst maximising resource use in agroforestry systems. A field study was conducted on a kaolinitic Oxisol in the sub-humid highlands of western Kenya to compare the distribution and dynamics of root length and biomass of a 3-year-old Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. (grevillea) tree row and a 3-year-old Senna spectabilis DC. (senna) hedgerow grown with Zea mays L. (maize). Tree roots were sampled to a 300 cm depth and 525 cm distance from the tree rows, both before and after maize cropping. Maize roots were sampled at two distances from the tree rows (75–150 cm and 450–525 cm) to a maximum depth of 180 cm, at three developmental stages. The mean root length density (Lrv) of the trees in the upper 15 cm was 0.55 cm cm−3 for grevillea and 1.44 cm cm−3 for senna, at the start of the cropping season. The Lrv of senna decreased at every depth during the cropping season, whereas the Lrv of grevillea only decreased in the crop rooting zone. The fine root length of the trees decreased by about 35% for grevillea and 65% for senna, because of maize competition, manual weeding, seasonal senescence or pruning regime (senna). At anthesis, the Lrv of maize in the upper 15 cm was between 0.8 and 1.5 cm cm−3. Maize root length decreased with greater proximity to the tree rows, potentially reducing its ability to compete for soil resources. However, the specific root length (m g−1) of maize was about twice that of the trees, so may have had a competitive uptake advantage even when tree root length was greater. Differences in maize fine root length and biomass suggest that competition for soil resources and hence fine root length may have been more important for maize grown with senna than grevillea.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026551616754
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sieve size effects on root length and biomass measurements of maize (Zea mays) and Grevillea robusta (1998)
    Springer
    Plant and soil 207 (1998), S. 183-193 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-5036
    Keywords: Grevillea robusta ; maize ; root length ; root biomass ; root sampling ; sieves
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Agriculture, Forestry, Horticulture, Fishery, Domestic Science, Nutrition
    Notes: Abstract The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of different mesh sizes on the recovery of root length and biomass and to determine whether the degree of recovery was influenced by plant species and sample location. Sieves of 2.0, 1.0, 0.5 and 0.25 mm (4.0, 1.0, 0.25 and 0.06 mm2) mesh sizes were used to recover and measure the root length and biomass of Zea mays L. (maize) at 0–15 cm and 30–45 cm depths and of Grevillea robusta A. Cunn. ex R. Br. (grevillea) at the same depths 1.0 m and 4.5 m from a line of grevillea trees. At 0–15 cm, the coarser sieves (sum collected with 2.0 and 1.0 mm sieves) recovered approximately 80% of the total root biomass measured, but only 60% of the root length. The proportion of total maize root length and biomass recovered by the coarser sieves decreased with soil depth. The proportion of total grevillea root length recovered by the coarser sieves was similar at the two soil depths, but increased slightly with distance from the tree line. The ≥ 0.5 mm sieves recovered between 93 and 96% of grevillea and maize root biomass and between 73 and 98% of their root length, depending on the sample location. Roots passing through the 0.5 mm sieve, but recovered by the 0.25 mm sieve were about 20% of total maize root length and grevillea root length at 1.0 m from the tree line but 〈 5% of the total grevillea root length at 4.5 m from the tree. Roots passing through the 0.5 mm sieve but recovered by the 0.25 mm sieve contributed only slightly to root biomass. Although the ≥ 0.5 mm sieves provided adequate measurements of root biomass, the ≥ 0.25 mm sieves were required for accurate measurement of fine root length. There was no universal correction for root length and biomass underestimation when large sieve sizes were used because the proportions of length and biomass recovered depended on the plant species and on soil depth and distance from the plant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1023/A:1026461107110
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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