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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anterograde transport of neurotrophins and axodendritic transfer in the developing visual system (1996)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 379 (1996), S. 830-833 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] The second-order visual neurons in the developing avian optic tectum depend on a trophic signal which is transported anterogradely by retinal ganglion cells11. We examined the transport of five trophic factors in the developing retinotectal projection of chick embryos (Figs 1,2), including the ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/379830a0
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    EFFECTS OF LIDOCAINE ON RABBIT BRAIN MICROTUBULAR PROTEIN (1974)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 22 (1974), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Microtubule repolymerization from a crude supernatant fraction prepared from rabbit brain was followed quantitatively by viscometry and electron microscopy. Lidocaine inhibits this repolymerization in a dose-dependent fashion and the effect is completely reversible upon removal of the lidocaine by dialysis. Direct counting of microtubules by electron microscopy indicates that the local anesthetic decreases the number of tubules without significantly affecting their length. An association constant of lidocaine for tubulin is estimated at 7.5 mm. Procaine and etidocaine were also found to affect the polymerization of microtubules with results similar to those found with lidocaine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1974.tb04302.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) from adult rat tooth serves a distinct population of large-sized trigeminal neurons (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    European journal of neuroscience 19 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1460-9568
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF) mediates trophic effects for specific classes of sensory neurons. The adult tooth pulp is a well-defined target of sensory trigeminal innervation. Here we investigated potential roles of GDNF in the regulation of adult trigeminal neurons and the dental pulp nerve supply of the rat maxillary first molar. Western blot analysis and radioactive 35S-UTP in situ hybridization revealed that GDNF in the dental pulp and its mRNAs were localized with Ngf in the coronal pulp periphery, in particular in the highly innervated subodontoblast layer. Retrograde neuronal transport of iodinated GDNF and Fluorogold (FG) from the dental pulp indicated that GDNF was transported in about one third of all the trigeminal dental neurons. Of the GDNF-labelled neurons, nearly all (97%) were large-sized (≥35 µm in diameter). Analysis of FG-labelled neurons revealed that, of the trigeminal neurons supporting the adult dental pulp, ≈ 20% were small-sized, lacked isolectin B4 binding and did not transport GDNF. Of the large-sized dental trigeminal neurons ≈ 40% transported GDNF. About 90% of the GDNF-accumulating neurons were negative for the high-temperature nociceptive marker VRL-1. Our results show that a subclass of large adult trigeminal neurons are potentially dependent on dental pulp-derived GDNF while small dental trigeminal neurons seems not to require GDNF. This suggests that GDNF may function as a neurotrophic factor for subsets of nerves in the tooth, which apparently mediate mechanosensitive stimuli. As in dorsal root ganglia both small- and large-sized neurons are known to be GDNF-dependent; these data provide molecular evidence that the sensory supply in the adult tooth differs, in some aspects, from the cutaneous sensory system.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.0953-816X.2004.03291.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Trigeminal nerve endings in gingiva, junctional epithelium and periodontal ligament of rat molars as demonstrated by autoradiographyWe thank Dahlia V. Borromeo, Marie Doman, Stephen J. Kish, Peggy O'Neill, and Chare Vathanaprida for valuable assistance. This work was supported by NIH Grants GM15991 and DE02600; the facilities were supported in part by HD02274. (1977)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 188 (1977), S. 509-523 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Tritiated-L-proline was injected into the right Gasserian ganglion of mature rats for incorporation into proteins being carried by rapid axonal transport to nerve endings. The distribution of the nerve endings in molar gingivae and periodontium was subsequently mapped in serial sections by autoradiography. We found that sensory nerve terminals are most prominent in two regions of the free gingiva: (1) In the junctional epithelium there is a rich innervation of the basal epithelial layer with many endings penetrating several cell layers. (2) In the crestal epithelium arborized endings are present, especially on the marginal side of the crest. In the attached gingiva a few terminals are found in the epithelium with more in the lamina propria; the latter appear to be encapsulated. The periodontal ligament is only moderately labeled with silver grains located over nerve bundles, over nerves associated with blood vessels, and over a few apparent endings in the apical region. In the cementum no labeled endings are seen. Labeling of Gasserian cell bodies primarily reveals specific intra-epithelial nerve endings in gingival crest and junctional epithelium. The absence of major labeling of the periodontal ligament supports the view that many nerves in that region are derived from cell bodies in the mesencephalic nucleus.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1091880409
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Sensory innervation of pulp and dentin in adult dog teeth as demonstrated by autoradiography (1987)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 218 (1987), S. 207-215 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In order to study the location of sensory nerve fibers in dog teeth, we injected 3H-amino acids into the left trigeminal ganglion of 2 anesthetized adult dogs; we then waited 24 hours for axonal transport of labeled protein and prepared the fixed decalcified teeth for autoradiography. Heavily labeled sensory neurons were found in the maxillary and mandibular divisions of each injected ganglion and its peripheral nerves and central root. Numerous labeled axons were found entering dental roots; they arborized mostly in the crown to end in peripheral pulp or inner dentin. Some labeled fibers extended 150-175 μm into dentinal tubules, but most intradentinally labeled fibers were less than 100 μm long. The dentinal innervation was most concentrated in the crown, with autoradiographic label over more than 50% of the tubules at the tip of each pulp horn. Differences in innervation density for coronal, cervical, intercuspal, septal, radicular, and reparative dentin were analyzed. In some regions, labeled endings branched along the pulp-predentin border but did not enter the dentinal tubules.Electron microscopic autoradiograms were prepared to confirm specific labeling of nerve fibers and nerve endings, and to describe their ultrastructure and association with odontoblasts. The results show that labeled sensory fibers in dog teeth have an ultrastructure similar to that described previously for rat molars and for monkey and cat teeth. No specific junctions were found between labeled sensory fibers and odontoblasts, in agreement with previous studies of other teeth.
    Additional Material: 24 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092180216
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Autoradiographic location of sensory nerve endings in dentin of monkey teeth (1983)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    The @Anatomical Record 205 (1983), S. 441-454 
    Details
    ISSN: 0003-276X
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We have used the autoradiographic method to locate trigeminal nerve endings in monkey teeth. The nerve endings were labeled in two adult female Macaca fascicularis by 20 hours of axonal transport of radioactive protein (3H-L-proline). We found a few labeled axons in contralateral mandibular central incisors and one mandibular canine. In ipsilateral teeth, numerous myelinated and unmyelinated axons were labeled; they formed a few terminal branches in the roots but primarily branched in the crown to form the peripheral plexus of Raschkow and to terminate as free endings in the odontoblast layer, predentin, and as far as 120 μm into dentinal tubules. Electron microscopic autoradiography showed that the radioactive axonally transported protein was confined to sensory axons and endings; odontoblasts and dentin matrix were not significantly labeled. Labeled free nerve endings were closely apposed to odontoblasts in dentin but did not form distinctive junctions with them.Nerve endings were most numerous in the regular tubular dentin of the crown adjacent to the tip of the pulp horn, occurring in at least half of the dentinal tubules there. Reparative dentin was poorly innervated, even near the tip of the crown, and it had a different tubular structure and adjacent pulpal structure from the innervated dentin. Radicular dentin was not innervated in most areas but did contain a few labeled axons where the predentin was wide and the odontoblasts were columnar, as at the buccal and lingual poles of some roots.Our results show that dentinal sensory nerve endings in primate teeth can be profuse, sparse, or absent depending on the location and structure of dentin and its adjacent pulp. When dentin was innervated, the tubules were straight and contained odontoblast processes, the predentin was wide, the odontoblast cell bodies were relatively columnar, and there was an adjacent cell-free zone and pulpal nerve plexus.
    Additional Material: 23 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ar.1092050409
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