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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Digoxin distribution between plasma and myocardium in hypoxic and non-hypoxic dogs (1982)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 38 (1982), S. 839-841 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The relationship between plasma and myocardial digoxin concentrations was investigated in hypoxic and nonhypoxic dogs. The results indicate that hypoxic dogs have lower plasma levels, higher myocardial levels, and an altered myocardial distribution when compared to non-hypoxic dogs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01972304
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Metabolism of paracetamol in children with chronic liver disease (1996)
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 50 (1996), S. 69-76 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: Key words Acetaminophen ; Liver disease in children ; toxicity ; analgesics ; antipyretics pharmacokinetics
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Objective: To study the metabolism of single doses of paracetamol in paediatric patients with chronic liver disease admitted to a hospital liver disease clinic. Results: Thirteen paediatric patients, aged 7 months to 12 years, with chronic liver disease of varying severity were studied. In these children, paracetamol elimination half-life was negatively correlated with serum albumin and positively with prothrombin time, as previously reported in adults with liver disease. The rate constant of glucuronide formation was higher in the children with liver disease compared to the value reported in healthy children of similar ages. The rate constant of the formation of paracetamol sulphate was no different from that in normal children. The 36 h urinary paracetamol glucuronide to sulphate ratio was 1.4 (95% CI 0.8 to 1.7). This mean ratio was higher than in healthy children (0.81 and 0.75) but not significantly so, probably because of a Type 1 error due to the inevitable small sample size arising from the nature of the population being studied. Conclusion: The present study provides reassuring additional data to indicate that, at least for single doses, there is no cause for concern in the use of paracetamol in children with chronic liver disease.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s002280050071
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Influence of plasma proteins on the onset of hypnotic action of intravenous midazolam (1985)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 40 (1985), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The action of midazolam is influenced by serum protein binding as seen in the relationship between the time of onset of action of a fixed dose of the drug and the plasma albumin. Pretreatment with intravenous aspirin produces a decrease in the in vitro binding of midazolam. In vivo this is manifest as an increase in the rapidity of action of the benzodiazepines. Probenecid pretreatment will also cause a decrease in the onset time of midazolam. However this is not due to altered plasma protein binding of the sedative.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1985.tb11001.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Effect of intravenous cimetidine on lignocaine disposition during extradural Caesarean section (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 44 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We studied whether an intravenous bolus of cimetidine altered the disposition of extradurally administered lignocaine in the parturient. Mothers who requested extradural analgesia for elective Caesarean section were randomly pretreated with either cimetidine 200 mg intravenously (n = 5) or no H2-receptor antagonist (n = 5). No difference was found between peak plasma lignocaine levels or area under the plasma concentration/time curve between the two groups after administration of 6 mg/kg lignocaine 2% with adrenaline 1:200 000. There was no evidence for an effect of a single intravenous dose of cimetidine on lignocaine disposition in the obstetric patient. In addition, the extradural administration of 6 mg/kg lignocaine produces plasma levels well below toxic levels.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1989.tb09259.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Propofol sedation after open heart surgery A clinical and pharmacokinetic study (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 45 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: One hundred adult patients who required mechanical ventilation after open heart surgery for coronary revascularisation were studied. All received a standard premedication and a high dose opioid anaesthetic. On arrival in the intensive care unit they were allocated randomly to receive either propofol or midazolam to maintain sedation within a predetermined range. Patients who received propofol underwent extubation of the trachea, using standard criteria, after a mean time (log-transformed) of 7.6 minutes after sedation for approximately 17 hours. The corresponding time was 125 minutes in those given midazolam. There were significantly higher morphine requirements during sedation, and higher arterial carbon dioxide tensions 30 minutes after extubation of the trachea, in patients who received midazolam. Pharmacokinetic analysis in 20 patients showed that the elimination half-life of propofol was prolonged (470 minutes) and clearance was reduced (1.14 litres/minute) compared with subjects who had not undergone cardiopulmonary bypass. The rapid clinical recovery was reflected in a rapid redistribution half-life (13.4 minutes), but this was also longer than the redistribution time of 2–4 minutes in other patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1990.tb14743.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A comparison of the early pharmacokinetics of midazolam in pregnant and nonpregnant women (1987)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Anaesthesia 42 (1987), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2044
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The early pharmacokinetics of midazolam were compared in pregnant (active labour, awaiting and during elective Caesarean section) and matched gynaecological patients scheduled to undergo elective hysterectomy, half of whom were given an oxytocin infusion. A standard dose of 5 mg was given intravenously. For the first 15 minutes patients in labour had significantly higher plasma midazolam levels compared to all other groups. This was associated with the largest area under the curve (2 hours), the smallest volume of distribution and lowest clearance. Midazolam when given immediately before Caesarean section, can result in depression of the infant.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2044.1987.tb05168.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The interaction of warfarin with antacid constituents in the gut (1979)
    Springer
    Cellular and molecular life sciences 35 (1979), S. 1359-1360 
    Details
    ISSN: 1420-9071
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary A study was made of the effect of 4 constituents of antacid preparations on the absorption of the coumarin derivate warfarin sodium using an in vitro experimental model. The constituents tested were activated dimethicone (a silicone) magnesium trisilicate, bismuth carbonate and the adsorbant, kaolin. Slight decreased intestinal absorption was shown by magnesium trisilicate (19%) and bismuth carbonate (7%), the other 2 components showing no effects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01964007
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Topical administration of racemic ibuprofen (1997)
    New York, NY [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Chirality 9 (1997), S. 313-316 
    Details
    ISSN: 0899-0042
    Keywords: ibuprofen ; topical administration ; chromatography ; skin metabolism ; percutaneous penetration ; chiral ; Chemistry ; Organic Chemistry
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: In vitro experiments to investigate possible stereoselective aspects of the topical administration of ibuprofen have been conducted. Incubation of ibuprofen with rat skin homogenates in the presence of coenzyme A, ATP, and magnesium provided no evidence for the formation of ibuprofenyl coenzyme A (the initial intermediate in the metabolic inversion of [R]- to [S]-ibuprofen). Similar incubation studies gave no indication of a change in the enantiomeric ratios of ibuprofen over the time course of the experiments. Percutaneous penetration studies of ibuprofen gel through porcine skin indicated that the ibuprofen enantiomer levels in the reservoir solutions were consistent with racemic ibuprofen having traversed the skin with no metabolic inversion. These results suggest that, in the models studied, skin metabolism does not result in the chiral inversion of (R)- to (S)-ibuprofen and that the topical administration of ibuprofen will result in the delivery of 50% “isomeric ballast.” Chirality 9:313-316, 1997. © 1997 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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