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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5′ Flanking DNA Sequences Direct Cell-Specific Expression of Rat Tyrosine Hydroxylase (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 53 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) is selectively expressed in cat-echolaminergic neurons and in chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla. Constructs in which 5’flanking sequences of the rat TH gene directed expression of bacterial chloramphenicol acetyltransferase (CAT) were transfected into cell lines and assayed for transient expression of CAT. In most nonexpressing cell lines, CAT levels were 〈 5% of that found in a TH-positive pheochromocytoma line (PC8b). In two lines described here, a rat anterior pituitary (pell line (GH4) and a rat fibroblast line (Fr3T3), CAT expression reached 12 and 20%, respectively, of the PC8b level. Greater than 90% of the PC8b activity was lost when sequences between -212 and - 187 (in relation to the transcriptional initiation site) were deleted. Further deletions that removed the cyclic AMP response element (CRE)|(-45) and the TATA box at -29 reduced transcriptional activity to background in all three lines. These data suggest that 212 nucleotides of the 5’sequence are sufficient for pheochromocytoma expression and that information between —212 and —187, which includes an API site (-206 to —200), is essential for full transcriptional activity. In addition, sites for other protein transcription factors (AP2, POU/Oct, SP1, and CRE) reside between -221 and -38 and are largely conserved between the human and rat gene.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb08567.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transcriptional regulation of the rat PLP promoter in primary cultures of oligodendrocytes (1994)
    Springer
    Neurochemical research 19 (1994), S. 1055-1060 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-6903
    Keywords: Proteolipid protein ; oligodendrocytes ; transcriptional regulation ; tissue-specificity ; glia
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Proteolipid protein (PLP) is the major intrinsic membrane protein of CNS myelin and is expressed in oligodendrocytes as part of a coordinate program of myelin-specific gene activation. In order to identify the DNA sequences and proteins involved in the regulation of PLP transcription, we have analyzed the 5′ flanking sequences of the rat PLP gene by transient transfections into primary cultures of developing oligodendrocytes, the glial tumor line, C6, and L cells. High levels of expression of the CAT reporter gene in oligodendrocytes and C6 cells were obtained with constructs containing both 4270 and 225 bp of PLP promoter. A fusion construct containing 1061 bp of the PLP promoter, however, showed two-fold lower CAT expression. In addition, the activity of these promoter fusion constructs in oligodendrocytes was 2.5–4.6 higher than that observed in C6 cells, while very little expression was found in L cells. These data suggest that 225 bp of PLP promoter is sufficient for oligodendrocyte-specific regulation of PLP expression. Furthermore, both positive and negative elements within the PLP promoter are involved in this process. Finally, primary cultures of developing oligodendrocytes are a useful model system for the analysis of myelinspecific gene activation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00968716
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Changes in the activity of cdk2 and cdk5 accompany differentiation of rat primary oligodendrocytes (1998)
    New York, N.Y. : Wiley-Blackwell
    Journal of Cellular Biochemistry 68 (1998), S. 128-137 
    Details
    ISSN: 0730-2312
    Keywords: oligodendrocytes ; cell cycle ; differentiation ; cyclin-dependent kinases ; cdk5 ; cdk2 ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Oligodendrocytes, the myelinating cells of the central nervous system, are terminally differentiated cells that originate through asynchronous waves of proliferation and differentiation of precursors present at birth. Withdrawal from cell cycle and onset of differentiation are tightly linked and depend on an intrinsic program modulated by the action of growth factors. p27 plays a central and obligatory role in the initiation of oligodendrocyte differentiation and cessation of proliferation. In this paper, we have characterized the role of modulation of cdk2 and cdk5 kinase activity during the process of oligodendrocyte precursor differentiation. As rat primary oligodendrocytes differentiate in culture there is a fall in cdk2 activity and a rise in cdk5 activity as well as an increase in the cdk inhibitor, p27 protein. The decline in cdk2 activity is not accompanied by a drop in cdk2 protein level, suggesting that it results from inhibition of cdk2 activation rather than decreased protein expression. Taken together, these data suggest that oligodendrocytes may withdraw from the cell cycle at G1-S transition through inactivation of cdk2 activity, possibly initiated by increasing amount of p27, and that cdk5 may have a role until now unrecognized in the differentiation of oligodendrocytes. J. Cell. Biochem. 68:128-137, 1998. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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