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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockade of the Noradrenaline Carrier Increases Extracellular Dopamine Concentrations in the Prefrontal Cortex: Evidence that Dopamine Is Taken up In Vivo by Noradrenergic Terminals (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 55 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: The effect of systemic administration of desmethylimipramine (DMI) and oxaproptiline (OXA), two inhibitors of the noradrenaline (NA) reuptake carrier, on the in vivo extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) was studied by transcerebral dialysis in the prefrontal cortex and in the dorsal caudate of freely moving rats. In the NA-rich prefrontal cortex, either drug increased extracellular DA concentrations whereas in the dorsal caudate neither was effective. Haloperidol increased extracellular DA concentrations more effectively in the dorsal caudate than in the prefrontal cortex. Pre-treatment with DMI or OXA. which failed to modify the effect of haloperidol in the dorsal caudate, potentiated its action in the prefrontal cortex. 6-Hydroxydopamine lesioning of the dorsal NA bundle prevented the ability of OXA to increase DA concentrations. The results suggest that reuptake into NA terminals is an important mechanism by which DA is cleared from the extracellular space in a NA-rich area such as the prefrontal cortex. The elevated extracellular concentrations of DA resulting from blockade of such mechanism by tricyclic antidepressants may play a role in the therapeutic effects of these drugs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb04599.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Extracellular Concentrations of Dopamine and Metabolites in the Rat Caudate After Oral Administration of a Novel Catechol-O-Methyltransferase Inhibitor Ro 40–7592 (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 59 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of the systemic administration of a novel, orally active, catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) inhibitor, Ro 40–7592, on the in vivo extracellular concentrations of dopamine (DA) and its metabolites, dihydroxy-phenylacetic acid (DOPAC) and homovanillic acid (HVA), was studied by transcerebral microdialysis in the dorsal caudate of freely moving rats. Ro 40–7592 (at doses of 3.0, 7.5, and 30 mg/kg p.o.) elicited a marked and long-lasting reduction of HVA, and at doses of 7.5 and 30 mg/kg, an increase of DOPAC output, but it failed to increase DA output. The administration of L-β-3,4-dihydroxyphenylalanine (L-DOPA, 20 and 50 mg/kg p.o.) with a DOPA decarboxylase inhibitor (benserazide) increased both HVA and DOPAC output, but failed to modify significantly extracellular DA concentrations in dialysates; in contrast, combined administration of L-DOPA + benserazide with Ro 40–7592 (30 mg/ kg p.o.) resulted in a significant increase in DA output. Ro 40–7592 prevented the L-DOPA-induced increase in HVA output and markedly potentiated the increase in DOPAC output. To investigate to what extent the increase in extra cellular DA concentrations was related to an exocitotic release, tetrodotoxin (TTX) sensitivity was tested. Addition of TTX to Ringer, although abolishing DA output in the absence of L-DOPA, partially reduced it in the presence of L-DOPA + Ro 40–7592 and even more so after L-DOPA without the COMT inhibitor. The results of the present study suggest that metabolism through COMT regulates extracellular concentrations of DA formed from exogenously administered L-DOPA but not of endogenous DA. Therefore, inhibition of COMT results in a potentiation of L-DOPA effects not only by inhibition of its peripheral metabolism (conversion to 3-methoxy-DOPA), but also by inhibition of the metabolism of its active metabolite, DA, in the brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08907.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combined Microdialysis and Fos Immunohistochemistry for the Estimation of Dopamine Neurotransmission in the Rat Caudate-Putamen (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 59 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract: Extracellular dopamine (DA) concentrations estimated by transcerebral dialysis and D1-dependent c-fos expression, as demonstrated by Fos immunohistochemistry, were studied after blockade of DA reuptake by GBR-12909. Rats implanted with dialysis probes in the dorsal caudate-putamen did not show any Fos-positive neuronal labeling in the implanted area or in the rest of the caudate-putamen. Administration of GBR-12909 dose-dependently increased DA output in dialysates and resulted in the appearance in the caudate-putamen of Fos-positive neurons whose density was related to the dose of GBR-12909 and to the increase in extracellular concentrations of DA. The D1 antagonist SCH-23390 blocked GBR-12909-induced activation of Fos while potentiating the stimulation of DA output. The results show that following blockade of DA reuptake by GBR-12909, the induction of Fos is related to stimulation of D1 receptors by extracellular DA. Combination of brain dialysis with Fos immunohistochemistry might provide a method for estimating the functional significance of extracellular DA as measured by brain microdialysis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1992.tb08359.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Calcium-Dependent, Tetrodotoxin-Sensitive Stimulation of Cortical Serotonin Release After a Tryptophan Load (1989)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 53 (1989), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The effect of intraperitoneal administration of tryptophan (50, 100, or 200 mg/kg) on extracellular concentrations of tryptophan, serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine, 5-HT), and 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) was studied in the cortex of freely moving rats by transcerebral dialysis. Rats were implanted with dialysis probes in the frontal cortex, and experiments were performed 24 h later. Tryptophan, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA were quantified in 20-min samples of dialysate by HPLC with electrochemical detection after separation on reverse-phase columns. Tryptophan administration resulted in a significant increase of tryptophan, 5-HT, and 5-HIAA levels in di-alysates. The maximal increase of 5-HT and 5-HIAA output was ˜ 150% over basal values. Perfusion with Ringer's solution containing tetrodotoxin (1 μM) reduced 5-HT output by 90% and prevented the increase of 5-HT and 5-HIAA content after 100 mg/kg of tryptophan. Similar results were obtained after perfusion with Ringer's solution without Ca2+. The results indicate that a tryptophan load stimulates the physiological release of 5-HT.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb11802.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A novel type of parallel plate chamber with resistive germanium anode and a two-dimensional readout
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 247 (1986), S. 445-452 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9002(86)90406-7
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A two-step parallel plate chamber with a resistive germanium anode and a two dimensional readout for the detection of minimum ionizing particles
    Amsterdam : Elsevier
    Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: 252 (1986), S. 453-457 
    Details
    ISSN: 0168-9002
    Source: Elsevier Journal Backfiles on ScienceDirect 1907 - 2002
    Topics: Physics
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://linkinghub.elsevier.com/retrieve/pii/0168-9002(86)91222-2
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    5HT3 receptor antagonists block morphine- and nicotine-but not amphetamine-induced reward (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 97 (1989), S. 175-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Serotonin ; Morphine ; Nicotine ; Amphetamine ; Reward ; Rat
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of two potent and specific antagonists of 5HT3 receptors, ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222, on the reinforcing properties of amphetamine, morphine and nicotine was studied in rats. Durg-induced reinforcement was assessed by measuring drug-conditioned place preference. ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 dose-dependently reduced the place preference induced by morphine (1.0 mg/kg SC). At doses of 0.030 mg/kg SC the two antagonists completely blocked morphine-induced place preference while doses of 0.015 mg/kg SC significantly reduced it. ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 at doses of 0.030 mg/kg SC also prevented the place preference induced by nicotine (0.6 mg/kg SC). In contrast, ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 up to doses of 0.030 mg/kg SC failed to modify the place preference elicited by amphetamine (1.0 mg/kg SC). The results indicate that 5HT3 receptors are specifically involved in the reinforcing properties of morphine and nicotine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442245
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SCH 23390 blocks drug-conditioned place-preference and place-aversion: anhedonia (lack of reward) or apathy (lack of motivation) after dopamine-receptor blockade? (1989)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 99 (1989), S. 151-155 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: Dopamine ; Morphine ; Nicotine ; Diazepam ; Naloxone ; Phencyclidine ; Picrotoxin ; Place-aversion ; Place-preference ; SCH 23390
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The influence of the D1 antagonist SCH 23390 on the motivational properties of rewarding (morphine, nicotine and diazepam) and aversive (naloxone, phencyclidine and picrotoxin) drugs was studied in the rat in a two-compartment place-conditioning paradigm, which included a pre-conditioning test for spontaneous place-preference. The specific D1 dopamine-receptor antagonist SCH 23390 (0.05 mg/kg SC), paired with both compartments or, separately, with the preferred or with the non-preferred compartment, failed to affect the spontaneous unconditioned preference of the animal. Pairing of morphine (1.0 mg/kg SC), nicotine (0.6 mg/kg SC) or diazepam (1.0 mg/kg IP) with the less preferred compartment induced significant preference for that compartment. Pairing of SCH 23390 (0.05 mg/kg SC) with both compartments completely blocked the place-preference induced by morphine, nicotine and diazepam. Naloxone (0.8 mg/kg SC), phencyclidine (2.5 mg/kg SC) or picrotoxin (2.0 mg/kg IP) paired with the preferred compartment elicited place-aversion. Pairing of SCH 23390 (0.05 mg/kg SC) with both compartments abolished also the place-aversion induced by naloxone, phencyclidine and picrotoxin. The results indicate that blockade of dopamine transmission blocks the motivational properties of rewarding as well as aversive stimuli. It is suggested that neuroleptics rather than simply blocking the rewarding impact of positive reinforcers (anhedonia, lack of pleasure) exert a more general influence on conditioned behaviour by blocking the affective impact of negative as well as positive reinforcers (apathy, lack of motivation).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00442800
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Blockade of acquisition of drug-conditioned place aversion by 5HT3 antagonists (1990)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 100 (1990), S. 459-463 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: 5-HT ; 5HT3 antagonist ; Naloxone ; Phencyclidine ; Picrotoxin
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effect of two 5HT3 antagonists, ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222, on drug-induced place aversion was studied in a two-compartment apparatus with a procedure including a pre-test for spontaneous preference. Naloxone (0.8 mg/kg SC), phencyclidine (2.5 mg/kg SC) and picrotoxin (2.0 mg/kg IP) paired with the preferred compartment elicited a significant place aversion. ICS 205-930 and MDL 72222 failed to modify spontaneous place preference when paired with both compartments. ICS 205-930 (30 µg/kg SC) paired with the preferred and, in other experiments, with the non-preferred compartment, also failed to modify spontaneous preference. ICS 205-930 (7.5, 15 and 30 µg/kg SC), paired with both compartments, dose-dependently reduced the place aversion induced by naloxone (0.8 mg/kg SC), phencyclidine (2.5 mg/kg SC) and picrotoxin (2.0 mg/kg IP). MDL 72222 (30 µg/kg SC) paired with both compartments had a similar effect. The result indicate that 5HT, via 5HT3 receptors, plays a role in the aversive properties of drug stimuli.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02243996
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Anxiolytic properties of endogenously occurring pregnanediols in two rodent models of anxiety (1996)
    Springer
    Psychopharmacology 126 (1996), S. 173-178 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-2072
    Keywords: γ-Aminobutyric acid ; GABAA receptor complex ; 3α-Hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one ; 3α-Hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one ; 5α-Pregnan-3α,20α-diol ; Benzodiazepines ; Anxiolytic ; Neuroactive steroids ; Neurosteroids ; Vogel test ; Elevated plus-maze ; Progesterone metabolites ; Benzodiazepine receptor
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Certain endogenously occurring 3α-hydroxylated, 5-reduced pregnane steroids act at a specific site on the GABAA receptor complex (GRC) to modulate the effects of GABA at its receptor. Modulators that potentiate GABA at the GABAA receptor often possess anxiolytic properties. The anxiolytic potential of four 5-reduced, 3α, 20-pregnanediols, differing only in the stereochemical orientation of the steroid A-ring and the 20-hydroxyl group, were tested in the Vogel test following intracerebroventricular (ICV) administration. The effects of these pregnanediols were compared to those of their 20-ketone analogues, 3α-hydroxy-5α-pregnan-20-one (3α,5α-P) and 3α-hydroxy-5β-pregnan-20-one (3α,5β-P). All four pregnanediols tested significantly enhanced punished drinking at doses ranging from 10 to 60 µg. The rank order of potency based on the minimum effective dose (MED) observed was 5α-pregnan-3α,20α-diol=5β-pregnan-3α,20α-diol 〉 5β-pregnan-3α,20β-diol 〉 5α-pregnan-3α,20β-diol. 3α,5β-P and 3α,5α-P enhanced punished responding when administered at 2.5 and 5 µg, respectively. 3β,5α-P which is inactive at the GRC was also inactive (up to 100 µg) in the Vogel test. The benzodiazepine control diazepam was efficacious when administered at 2.5 µg. 5α-Pregnan-3α,20α-diol was further tested in the mouse elevated plus-maze model following systemic administration where it was found to be active in a dose range of 10–40 mg/kg IP. These results raise the possibility that in addition to 3α,5α-P and 3α,5β-P, some of their endogenously occurring pregnanediol metabolites may also influence physiological processes related to anxiety via the GRC.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02246353
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