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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) in schoolchildren living in a mountainous area of Norway: a population-based study of ECP as a tool for diagnosing asthma in children with reference values (2001)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 56 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: Most previous studies on eosinophil cationic protein (ECP) have been performed on carefully selected groups of asthmatic patients. Few studies based upon population cohorts have been reported. The primary objective of the present study was to assess the usefulness of serum eosinophil cationic protein (s-ECP) in the diagnosis of asthma in schoolchildren and determine reference values based on measurements in healthy children. Methods: The population consisted of 216 schoolchildren (aged 7–16 years) who in a previous questionnaire had reported asthma or asthma-like symptoms and a control group. The questionnaire study comprised the entire population of schoolchildren in Upper Hallingdal. After clinical assessment, blood samples, and skin prick tests, these subjects were then reclassified into four groups: atopic and nonatopic asthmatic and nonasthmatics. S-ECP was assessed in relation to atopy, asthma severity, allergen exposure, and sex. Results: The asthma group (n=105) had significantly higher mean s-ECP level than the nonasthma group (n=111) (13.3 vs 8.3 µg/l, P〈0.001), with no significant difference between atopic asthmatics and atopic nonasthmatics. Mean s-ECP levels in children with mild, moderate, or severe asthma were 12.1, 18.5, and 12.2 µg/l, respectively. The children with animal dander allergy demonstrated higher levels of s-ECP than children without this allergy (12.9 vs 9.1 µg/l, P=0.001). The upper reference limit (determined as the 95th percentile in healthy children) of 19.1 µg/l, showed low sensitivity (24%) and high specificity (93%) for the diagnosis of asthma. The positive and negative likelihood ratios for the asthma diagnosis were found to be 3.2 and 0.83, respectively. Conclusions: The highest s-ECP values were found among children with moderate asthma. Animal dander allergy resulted in elevated s-ECP. However, mean values were still below the reference value of 19.1 µg/l, and the sensitivity was low, suggesting that s-ECP is not a useful parameter for diagnosing asthma in population-based studies.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2001.056002138.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Clinical relevance of bronchial hyperresponsiveness (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 7 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1996.tb00392.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Nebulized budesonide after hospitalization for recurrent bronchial obstruction in children younger than 18 months (2001)
    Copenhagen, Denmark : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 12 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A multi-center, double-blind, randomized dose–response study was performed to assess the effect of 3 months of treatment with two different doses of inhaled nebulized budesonide in children with acute recurrent bronchial obstruction (BO) causing hospitalization. Steroid-naive children younger than 18 months were included when admitted to hospital because of BO for at least the second time, and were followed-up monthly for 15 months. Forty-five of 49 subjects (43 boys, 2 girls) (mean age 9.3 months upon inclusion) completed the study. Twenty-four patients (20 boys, 4 girls) received nebulized budesonide 0.5 mg twice daily for 1 month followed by 0.25 mg daily for the next 2 months, whereas 25 children received 0.1 mg twice daily throughout the 3-month treatment period. Outcome (number of BO episodes, time to first BO after start of treatment, and use of rescue medication), as well as height/length and weight, were assessed at the start of treatment and monthly for the following 3 months, as well as for 12 months after cessation of treatment (15 months in total). There was an overall tendency towards better symptom control (fewer episodes of acute BO during treatment and follow-up, fewer hospital visits because of acute BO, lower clinical score during follow-up, and less use of rescue medication during follow-up) in the high-dose treatment group vs. the low-dose treatment group. However, the differences did not reach statistical significance for any of the outcomes. The only significant difference in effect between the groups was fewer children in the high-dose group treated openly with nebulized budesonide during follow-up. Length/height and weight gain did not differ significantly between the two treatment groups throughout the study. There was no significant dose-dependent beneficial effect of 3 months of treatment with nebulized budesonide in infants and toddlers with at least two hospitalizations for acute bronchial obstruction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.2001.012003159.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Wheezing in school children is not always asthma (1999)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 10 (1999), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Our objective was to study whether children with reported asthma differed from children with wheeze but without asthma, and from children with neither asthma nor wheeze, regarding lung function, bronchial hyper-responsiveness (BHR) using methacholine inhalation, exercise-induced bronchoconstriction (EIB), and skin prick test (SPT) reactivity. School children (n=2188), enrolled in a survey of asthma, were classified into three mutually exclusive groups by parental report of: asthma, wheeze, and no asthma/no wheeze. A random sample of 80 children in each group was tested (n=240). Among asthmatics, 68% (95% confidence interval (CI), 57–79) had a BHR (measured as PD20 forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV1) ≤ 8.16 μmol using methacholine) compared to 31% (CI 20–42%) and 30% (CI 19–40%) in the wheeze and no asthma/no wheeze groups. The dose–response slope (DRS) confirmed the PD20 data and distinguished equally between groups. EIB (≥10% fall in FEV1) was more frequent (40%, CI 29–52%) among asthmatics than among children with wheeze (12%, CI 4–19%) and no asthma/no wheeze (7%, CI 1–13%). The prevalence of at least one positive SPT was twice as high in the asthma group (58%, 47–69%) than in the wheeze (27%, CI 16–37%) and the no asthma/no wheeze (25%, 15–35%) groups. These results indicate that children with asthma differ from children with wheeze and children with no asthma/no wheeze regarding lung function, BHR, EIB, and SPT reactivity. Children with wheeze are more similar to children with no asthma/no wheeze with respect to these parameters.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-3038.1999.101003.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Development of lower respiratory symptoms (1995)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 6 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1995.tb00383.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Childhood asthma and the environment (1994)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 5 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1994.tb00348.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Serum immunoglobulin G subclasses and serum immunoglobulin A in acute bronchiolitis in infants (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Pediatric allergy and immunology 4 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1399-3038
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Serum IgG subclasses and Serum IgA were studied in 43 infants with acute bronchiolitis and 20 healthy infants. IgG subclasses were determined by a capture ELISA and IgA was quantified by turbidimetry. IgG1 concentrations were significantly lower in infants with bronchiolitis than in normal infants. The other IgG subclasses and IgA did not differ between the groups. The subgroups of infants with bronchiolitis who had previously suffered from otitis media or bronchitis, had significantly lower IgG2 than the other infants with bronchiolitis. The same was found for infants with bronchiolitis who had suffered from three or more lower respiratory tract infections. In infants who had suffered from upper or lower respiratory infections before the acute bronchiolitis, IgA was significantly higher than in infants without previous respiratory infections. Ten infants with bronchiolitis (23%) had IgGl deficiency, that is values below the lower reference limit calculated in a population of healthy Norwegian infants. No healthy infants had any IgGl deficiency. No infant with bronchiolitis had IgG2 or IgG3 deficiency. The low IgGl values found in infants with acute bronchiolitis, may be one cause for infants to be more susceptible to RS virus infections.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1399-3038.1993.tb00060.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The efficacy of inhaled disodium cromoglycate and glucocorticoids (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00662.x
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    Paper (German National Licenses)
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The effect of inhaled salbutamol and salmeterol on lung fuction and endurance performance in healthy well-trained athletes (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Scandinavian journal of medicine & science in sports 7 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1600-0838
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine , Sports Science
    Notes: The present randomized, double-blind placebo-controlled study aimed at investigating the possible improvement in endurance performance caused by inhaled salmeterol (long-acting β2-agonist) and salbutamol (short-acting) compared to placebo in 18 healthy well-trained athletes, aged 17–30 years old. Lung function (flow-volume loops) was measured before and after each inhaled study drug and after run to exhaustion. After inhalation of study drug and 10 min warm-up, anaerobic threshold was measured; thereafter maximum oxygen uptake, peak ventilation and running time until exhaustion during a brief graded exercise were measured. No significant differences were found for ventilation, oxygen uptake or heart rate at anaerobic threshold or at maximum performance between placebo and the β2-agonists. Lung function increased significantly after exercise, but without differences between the β2-agonists and placebo. Running time till exhaustion was significantly reduced after both the long-and the short-acting β2-agonist compared to the placebo.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1600-0838.1997.tb00133.x
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Loratadine and terfenadine in perennial allergic rhinitis (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Allergy 48 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The efficacy of loratadine and terfenadine in perennial allergic rhinitis was evaluated in a double-blind, selected cross-over study consisting of two phases. During the first phase, 76 patients with perennial allergic rhinitis, 8–67 years old, were included in the study. Of these, 41 patients received loratadine 10 mg daily, and 35 patients received terfenadine 60 mg twice daily, for 2 weeks. According to symptoms and side-effects, 32 patients were classified as responders to loratadine, and 28 patients as responders to terfenadine. All observed symptoms were significantly reduced in both treatment groups, but with no significant differences between the two groups. Side-effects were few and mild. In patients with normal IgE, loratadine was significantly superior to terfenadine in relieving nasal secretion, whereas terfenadine was significantly superior to loratadine in relieving nasal congestion. In patients with increased IgE, patients treated with loratadine showed significantly greater reduction in sneezing than patients treated with terfenadine. A positive correlation between total IgE and reduction in overall symptoms was found for patients treated with loratadine, whereas a negative correlation was found for patients treated with terfenadine. During the second study phase, the nonresponders received the other drug for 2 weeks. All seven nonresponders to terfenadine responded to loratadine after crossing over, whereas four of nine nonresponders to loratadine responded to terfenadine. Nonresponders to one drug may respond to the other drug. Thus, more than one antihistamine drug should be tried in perennial allergic rhinitis if the first fails.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1398-9995.1993.tb00741.x
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