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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 527 (1988), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1749-6632
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Natural Sciences in General
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Phosphodiesterases (PDEs) regulate cyclic nucleotide levels. Increased cyclic AMP (cAMP) signaling has been associated with PRKAR1A or GNAS mutations and leads to adrenocortical tumors and Cushing syndrome. We investigated the genetic source of Cushing syndrome in individuals with adrenocortical ...
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  • 3
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] Carney complex (CNC) is a multiple neoplasia syndrome characterized by spotty skin pigmentation, cardiac and other myxomas, endocrine tumours and psammomatous melanotic schwannomas. CNC is inherited as an autosomal dominant trait and the genes responsible have been mapped to 2p16 and 17q22–24 ...
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  • 4
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'étiologie, le pronostic et la thérapeutique optimale du traitement des tumeurs carcinoïdes de l'estomac restent discutés. Les dossiers de 36 patients consécutifs porteurs de tumeurs carcinoïdes (15 hommes), traités entre 1975 et 1990, ont été revus. Le suivi a été complet chez 97% des cas. L'âge moyen au moment du diagnostic était de 58.4 ans (extrêmes 24–82 ans). Les signes révélateurs on été l'anémie (72%), la douleur (69%) et le syndrome carcinoïde (11%). Les anomalies auto-immunes et endocrines associées étaient la gastrite atrophique (67%), l'anémie pernicieuse (58%), l'hypothyroïdie (39%), le diabète (19%), la maladie d'Addison (6%) et l'hyperparathyroïdie (6%). Les lésions intéressaient le corps seul de l'estomac dans 42% des cas, le fundus dans 28% des cas et l'antre seul dans 8% des cas. Dans 42% des cas, les lésions étaient multiples. Les taux de 5-hydroxyindole-acide acétique (5-HIAA) et de gastrine sériques étaient élevés chez, respectivement, 17% et 50% des patients testés. L'examen histologique a révélé que 28% des lésions mesuraient 2 cm ou plus et 33% des patients avaient des métastases hépatiques lors de la première consultation ou en ont développé par la suite. Vingt-deux pourcent des patients (n=8) sont décédés de leur tumeur; la médiane de survie étant de 39 mois. La présence de métastases, l'atypie histologique, l'envahissement de la séreuse, la taille 〉 2 cm étaient des facteurs de mauvais pronostic. Chez les patients sans hypergastrinémie (n=6), 66% ont développé des métastases, 60% avaient une élévation des 5-HIAA, et 50% sont décédés de leur tumeur carcinoïde. En revanche, chez les patients qui avaient une hypergastrinémie et ceux qui avaient une tumeur carcinoïde gastrique “typique” (n=15), il n'a pas été observé ni de métastase, ni de mortalité (respectivement p〈0.003 et p〈 0.005 par rapport aux tumeurs eugastrinémiques). Dans ce dernier groupe (hypergastrinémie et histologie typique), l'anémie pernicieuse était fréquente (73%). On a vu moins de lésions solitaires et d'envahissement de la séreuse (33% vs 100%, p〈 0.005 et 0% vs 33% p〈0.05). Il n'y avait aucune lésion dont le diamétre dépassait 2 cm dans ce groupe comparé à 66% dans le groupe sans hypergastrinémie (p〈0.002). Aucun patient avec une hypergastrinémie n'avait de taux élevés de 5-HIAA.
    Abstract: Resumen La etiología, pronóstico y óptima modalidad de manejo de los carcinoides gástricos primarios siguen siendo motivo de controversia. Se revisaron en forma retrospectiva las historias de 36 pacientes consecutivos con carcinoide gástrico (15 hombres) en el período entre 1975 y 1990. Se logró seguimiento completo en 97% de los casos. La edad media en el momento del diagnóstico fue 58.4 años trango 24–28. Los síntomas de presentación fueron: anemia (72%), dolor (69%) y síndrome carcinoide (11%). Fueron comunes las anormalidades asociadas de tipo autoinmune y de tipo endocrino, que ìncluyeron gastritis atrófica (67%), anemia perniciosa (58%), hipotiroidismo (39%), diabetes (19%), enfermedad de Addison (6%) e hiperparatiroidismo (6%). Las lesiones fueron no antrales en el 78% de total, con 42% ubicadas en el cuerpo, 28% en el fundus y 8% afectando el antro sólamente; 42% fueron múltiples. Los niveles urinarios de ácido 5-hidroxiindoloacético (5-HIAA) y los niveles séricos de gastrina aparecieron elevados en 17% y 50% de los pacientes examinados, respectivamente. El examen histológico reveló que 28% de las lesiones eran de 2 cm o mayores, y 33% presentaban metástasis hepáticas en el momento del diagnóstico o las desarrollaron en el curso del seguimiento. Veintidos por ciento de los pacientes (n=8) murieron por causa del tumor, con una sobrevida media de 39 meses. La presencia de metástasis, la histología atípica, la extensión a la serosa y el tamaño 〉 2 cm demostraron ser factores adversos de pronósticos. Entre los pacientes con hipergastrinemia (n=6), 66% desarrollaron metástasis, 60% presentaron 5-HIAA elevado y 50% murieron por el tumor carcinoide. En contraste marcado, aquellos pacientes con hipergastrinemia y carcinoides “típicos” (n=15), no se presentaron metástasis ni muertes (p 〈0.003 y p〈0.005 respectivamente), en comparación con los pacientes eugastrinémicos. En este último grupo (hipergastrinemia e histología típica) fue común la anemia perníciosa (73%); las lesiones solitarias y la penetración a la serosa fueron observadas con frecuencà relativamente menor (33% vs 100%, p〈0.005 y 0% vs 33%, p 〈0.05, respectivamente), y ninguna lesión midió 〉 2.0 cm, en comparación con 66% en el grupo que no exhibió elevación de gastrina (p〈0.002). Ningún paciente con hipergastrinemia presentó niveles elevados de 5-HIAA.
    Notes: Abstract The etiology, prognosis, and optimal management of primary gastric carcinoids remain controversial. Records of 36 consecutive patients with gastric carcinoid (15 men) were reviewed retrospectively between 1975 and 1990. Follow-up was complete in 97% of cases. Mean age at diagnosis was 58.4 years (range 24–82 years). The clinical presentations included anemia (72%), pain (69%), and carcinoid syndrome (11%). Associated autoimmune and endocrine abnormalities were common and included atrophic gastritis (67%), pernicious anemia (58%), hypothyroidism (39%), diabetes (19%), Addison's disease (6%), and hyperparathyroidism (6%). Lesions were nonantral in 78%, involving only the corpus in 42%, the fundus in 28%, and only the antrum in 8%; 42% were multiple. Urinary 5-hydroxyindoleacetic acid (5-HIAA) and serum gastrin levels were elevated in 17% and 50% of those tested, respectively. Histologic examination revealed that 28% of lesions were ≥2 cm, and 33% had liver metastases on presentation or developed them during follow-up. Eight patients (22%) died of tumor with a median survival of 39 months. The presence of metastases, atypical histology, serosal involvement, and size 〉 2 cm were adverse prognostic factors. In patients without hypergastrinemia (n=6), 66% developed metastases, 60% had elevated 5-HIAA, and 50% died of carcinoid tumor. In sharp contrast, those patients with hypergastrinemia and “typical” gastric carcinoids (n=15), metastases and death did not occur (p〈0.003 and p 〈 0.005, respectively, compared with eugastrinemic patients). In the latter group (hypergastrinemia and typical histology), pernicious anemia was common (73%); solitary lesions and serosal penetration were seen comparatively less often (33% versus 100%, p〈0.005 and 0% versus 33%, p〈0.05, respectively); and no lesion measured 〉 2.0 cm compared to 66% in the group without elevated gastrin (p〈0.002). No patient with hypergastrinaemia had elevated levels of 5-HIAA. Overall survival at 5 and 10 years was 58% and 28%, respectively. Survival was 80% at 5 and 10 years in the hypergastrinemic group. Gastric carcinoid tumors that are histologically atypical, large (〉2 cm), or present without elevated gastrin are potentially lethal and require aggressive therapy. In contrast, gastric carcinoids with typical histology and hypergastrinemia are rarely lethal, and conservative management with local excision and close observation is appropriate.
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract. Functioning extraadrenal paragangliomas represent more than 10% of all pheochromocytomas, occur at diverse anatomic locations, and are said to have a higher malignancy rate than intraadrenal pheochromocytomas. Sixty-six patients had surgery for catecholamine-producing paragangliomas between 1952 and 1992. Median follow-up was 8.8 years. Median age was 40 years (11–67 years); the male/female ratio was 29:37. Familial disease occurred in 9 patients (13.6%), and 10 patients (15.2%) also developed adrenal pheochromocytoma. Solitary paragangliomas occurred in 52 patients: 46 abdominal, 4 thoracic, and 2 head and neck. Fifty-three tumors developed in 14 patients with multiple paragangliomas: 38 abdominal and 15 thoracic. Of 28 patients with solitary tumors undergoing localization studies over the past 10 years accurate localization was achieved in 27. There was one operative death; 15 patients had persistent disease; and 50 were cured postoperatively. Of those cured, nine developed recurrence, disease-free survival being 86%, 80%, and 80% at 5, 10, and 20 years. Metastatic disease was found in 14 patients (21%), 7 of whom have died. An additional 10 patients (15%) had locally invasive disease, of whom 4 have died. Cause-specific survivals at 5, 10, and 20 years were 90%, 83%, and 72%. Risk factors for death from pheochromocytoma were tumor size 〉 5 cm ( p = 0.0002), metastatic disease ( p = 0.001), and tumor invasion ( p = 0.0023). Cause-specific survival for patients with tumors 〉 5 cm was 59% at 15 years compared to 100% among patients with tumors ≤ 5 cm ( p = 0.0003). Functional paragangliomas are frequently malignant and are associated with a high incidence of persistent or recurrent disease. Tumor size 〉 5 cm and the occurrence of invasive or metastatic disease are strong predictors of outcome. Most tumors are abdominal, and imaging is highly successful for localization.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé En l'absence de lésions pathologiques à distance, le diagnostic de malignité en matière de phéochromocytome ou de paraganglion est impossible. Pour déterminer la fréquence vraie de récidive nous avons analysé le suivi à long terme (moyenne, 15.8 ans) de 98 patients ayant eu une résection complète de phéochromocytome et de paraganglions bénins localisés et non invasifs opérés à la Clinique Mayo entre 1960 et 1976. Quatre-vingt-huit patients avaient un phéochromocytome ou paraganglion sporadique, non familial. Neuf patients avaient une MEN de type 2 (2A: 7, 2B: 2), et un patient avait un phéochromocytome familial. Soixante-neuf patients avaient un phéochromocytome simple; 10 avaient une tumeur extrasurrénalienne simple (paraganglion); et 9 avaient des tumeurs surrénales bilatérales ou multicentriques. Six patients (6.5%) ont eu une récidive de leur phéochromocytome après normalisation des catécholamines urinaires en postopératoire. Un de ces patients avait une MEN 2A. La récidive s'est manifestée entre 5 et 13 ans après la résection. Elle était à distance chez 3 patients, locale chez 2 patients, et à la fois locale et à distance chez un. Il n'y avait aucune récidive chez les 13 patients qui avaient soit une invasion locale ou vasculaire lorsque les coupes histologiques ont été revues. Il n'y avait aucune récidive de paraganglion. La surveillance permanente de tout patient ayant un phéochromocytome ou un paraganglion semble s'imposer.
    Abstract: Resumen En ausencia de metástasis distantes, el diagnóstico histopatológico de malignidad en un feocromocitoma o en un paraganglioma es imposible. Con el objeto de establecer la verdadera incidencia de recurrencia de esta enfermedad, hemos analizado el seguimiento a largo plazo (promedio, 15.8 años) de 98 pacientes sometidos a resección completa de feocromocitomas y paragangliomas localizados, no invasivos e histológicamente benignos en nuestra institución entre los años 1960 y 1976. Ochenta y ocho pacientes tenían feocromocitoma/paraganglioma no familiar, de tipo esporádico. Nueve tenían el síndrome de neoplasia endocrina múltiple (NEM) tipo 2 (2A: 7, 2B: 2) y uno feocromocitoma familiar. Setenta y nueve pacientes tenían feocromocitoma único; 10 tenían tumores extra adrenales (paragangliomas) y 9 tumores adrenales multicéntricos o bilaterales. Seis pacientes (6.5%) desarrollaron feocromocitoma recurrente después de haberse documentado niveles postoperatorios normales de catecolaminas; uno de ellos tenía el síndrome NEM 2A. Las recurrencias se desarrollaron a intervalos de 5 a 13 años después de la resección inicial, distantes en 3 pacientes, locales en 2, y locales y distantes en sólo un paciente. Ninguna de las recurrencias ocurrió en los 13 pacientes que en la revisión histopatológica presentaban invasión local o vascular. Ningún paraganglioma exhibió recurrencia. El seguimiento de por vida en pacientes que hayan tenido feocromocitomas o paragangliomas es mandatorio.
    Notes: Abstract In the absence of distant disease, the pathologic diagnosis of malignancy in pheochromocytoma or paraganglioma is impossible. In an effort to establish the true incidence of recurrence in this disease, we have analyzed long-term follow-up (average, 15.8 years) of 98 patients who underwent complete resection of localized, noninvasive, histologically-benign pheochromocytomas and paragangliomas at our institution between 1960 and 1976. Eighty-eight patients had nonfamilial, sporadic pheochromoctyoma/ paraganglioma. Nine had multiple endocrine neoplasia (MEN) type 2 (2A: 7, 2B: 2), and 1 had familial pheochromocytoma. Seventy-nine patients had single pheochromocytomas; 10 had single extraadrenal tumors (paragangliomas); and 9 had multicentric or bilateral adrenal tumors. Six patients (6.5%) developed recurrent pheochromocytoma after documentation of normal postoperative urinary catecholamine levels. One of these patients had MEN 2A. The recurrences developed at intervals from 5 to 13 years following initial resection. These were distant in 3 patients, local in 2, and both local and distant in a single patient. None of the recurrences occurred in the 13 patients who, on pathologic rereview, had either local or vascular invasion. No paraganglioma recurred. Life-long follow-up of all patients who have had pheochromocytomas or paragangliomas resected is mandatory.
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 32 (1987), S. 369-376 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: Crohn's disease ; ulcerative colitis ; gastrointestinal hormones ; peptides ; colon
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract To study hyperplasia of peptidergic nerves purported to be diagnostic of Crohn's disease, we determined the distribution and concentrations of gut neuropeptides in specimens of normal intestine, ulcerative colitis, and Crohn's disease. Tissue specimens obtained at surgery were dissected into the mucosal-submucosal and muscularis externa layers, and immunoreactive gut neuropeptides were acid-extracted for measurement by radioimmunoassay. The immunoreactive species were characterized by column chromatography. Mucosal-submucosal layer concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide were significantly decreased in Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis, while mucosal-submucosal layer concentrations of substance P were significantly increased in left-sided ulcerative colitis. Muscularis externa layer concentrations of vasoactive intestinal peptide and met5-enkephalin were decreased in left-sided Crohn's colitis. These neuropeptide concentration abnormalities did not clearly differentiate between Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis, and no increase in concentration of a neuropeptide diagnostic of Crohn's disease was identified.
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  • 8
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: peptide YY ; human colon ; ileum ; ulcerative colitis ; Crohn's disease
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract Concentrations of the candidate endocrine and paracrine peptide, peptide YY, were measured by specific radioimmunoassay in tissue extracts prepared from normal ileum, normal colon, Crohn's disease, and ulcerative colitis. In both the ascending and descending colon, there were significantly decreased mean concentrations of peptide YY in Crohn's colitis and ulcerative colitis, compared to mean concentrations in normal colon. There was no age-related decrease of concentrations of peptide YY in normal colon. The decrease in concentrations of peptide YY in colon obtained from patients with inflammatory bowel disease did not appear related either to the duration of the clinical symptoms of the disease or to the severity of colonic inflammation. Further studies of the physiological function of peptide YY in man are needed to determine whether these findings might be useful in understanding a component of the pathophysiology of idiopathic inflammatory bowel disease.
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Digestive diseases and sciences 36 (1991), S. 712-718 
    ISSN: 1573-2568
    Keywords: human colon ; vasoactive intestinal peptide ; smooth muscle ; neuropeptide ; age-related change
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The effects of aging on inhibitory neuropeptide concentrations and intrinsic inhibitory innervation of circular muscle were investigated using normal descending colon obtained at surgery. Immunoreactive vasoactive intestinal peptide, peptide histidine-methionine, met5-enkephalin, neuropeptide Y, and somatostatin were extracted from specimens of muscularis externa (patient ages: 19–84 years) and measured by radioimmunoassay. Intracellular electrical activity was recorded from strips of circular muscle (patients ages: 49–84 years) using glass microelectrodes; inhibitory junction potentials were evoked by electrical field stimulation. There were no significant differences (t tests:P〉0.05) between neuropeptide concentrations in patients〈70 years old (N=28) compared to patients≥70 years old (N=12). However, the amplitude of inhibitory junction potentials declined with increasing patient age (r=−0.58,P=0.02,N=16), with no change in resting membrane potentials (r=0.22;P〉0.05). The decline in amplitude in women (r=−0.68,P=0.03,N=9) preceded the decline in men (r=−0.62,P=0.10,N=7). Age-related decline in inhibitory junction potentials could be related to decreased: density of inhibitory nerves, release of inhibitory neurotransmitter, density of binding sites for inhibitory neurotransmitter on smooth muscle, or a combination thereof. Alternatively, this decline might represent a change in interaction of inhibitory neurotransmitter with the smooth muscle membrane, such as a change in coupling of binding site with the potassium channel, decreased number of potassium channels, or altered permeability of the potassium channel.
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  • 10
    ISSN: 1432-2323
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé Pendant une période de 30 ans, de 1951 à 1981, 17 sujets ont subi une adrénalectomie bilatérale par une affection de la médullo-surrénale s'accompagnant d'un taux anormalement élevé de catécholamines. Quatorze d'entre eux présentaient un syndrôme MEN IIa et trois un syndrome MEN IIb. La double adrénalectomie entraîna ni complication, ni décès. Un malade mourut 23 mois après l'intervention de métastases alors qu'il avait été opéré pour phéochromocytome. Les 16 autres sujets furent suivis pendant 129 mois en moyenne. Trois des opérées présentèrent sept grossesses normales. Douze subirent 23 interventions chirurgicales diverses conduites sous anesthésie générale sans être victimes de complications. Deux opérés présentent des phéochromocytomes métastatiques, trois des cancers thyroïdiens médullaires métastatiques, cinq malades accusent un taux élevé de calcitonine et six sont en excellente santé, respectivement 15, 17, 58, 110, 134 et 373 mois après la double adrénalectomie. L'hormonothérapie supplétive n'a entraîné aucun trouble chez les opérés. Les résultats de cette étude montrent que l'adrénalectomie bilatérale est le traitement efficace de ce type d'affection et qu'elle n'entraîne aucune morbidité à long terme.
    Abstract: Resumen En pacientes con síndrome de neoplasia endocrina multiple tipos IIa y IIb (MEN IIa y MEN IIb), la patología adrenal medular uniformemente es bilateral y multicéntrica. La hiperplasia adrenal medular (difusa o nodular) es presumiblemente la entidad patológica precursora del feocromocitoma. El espectro anatomo-patológico en estos dos tipos del síndrome varía desde la hiperplasia medular difusa y nodular hasta el feocromocitoma típico, bilateral y multicéntrico. El tratamiento quirúrgico de la enfermedad adrenal medular en este síndrome es todavía motivo de controversia. Nuestro grupo ha recomendado adrenalectomía bilateral total una vez que el diagnóstico haya sido establecido. En el curso de un período de 30 años (1951–1981), 17 pacientes fueron sometidos a adrenalectomía bilateral por enfermedad adrenal medular con exceso de catecolamina. Catorce pacientes presentaban síndrome MEN IIa y tres MEN IIb. No hubo morbilidad operatoria mayor ni mortalidad operatoria. Un paciente murió 23 meses después de la operación inicial debido a feocromocitoma metastásico. El resto de los pacientes fueron seguidos por un promedio de 129 meses y todos fueron entrevistados personalmente. Tres pacientes tuvieron embarazos sin complicaciones. Doce pacientes fueron sometidos a otros procedimientos quirúrgicos que requirieron anestesia general en el curso del seguimiento postoperatorio, sin morbilidad alguna. Dos pacientes presentaron feocromocitoma metastásico; tres presentaron carcinoma medular tiroideo metastásico; cinco exhibieron valores altos de calcitonina y seis pacientes se encuentran en excelente estado de salud a intervalos de 15, 27, 58, 110, 134 y 373 meses depués de la resección. La necesidad de terapia de reemplazo suprarrenal no ha causado problema de significación en paciente alguno. Los resultados de este estudio confirman que la adrenalectomía bilateral total es una modalidad segura y eficaz para el tratamiento de la enfermedad adrenal medular en este síndrome, y que no resulta en morbilidad de significación a largo plazo.
    Notes: Abstract During a 30-year period (1951–1981), seventeen patients underwent bilateral adrenalectomy for established adrenal medullary disease with catecholamine excess. Fourteen patients had the MEN IIa syndrome and 3 had the MEN IIb syndrome. There was no major operative morbidity and no operative mortality. One patient died 23 months after initial operation because of metastatic pheochromocytoma. The remaining patients were followed for a mean of 129 months and all were personally interviewed. Three patients had 7 uneventful pregnancies. Twelve patients underwent 23 other surgical procedures requiring general anesthesia during the followup period without any morbidity. Two patients have metastatic pheochromocytoma; 3 have clinical metastatic medullary thyroid carcinoma; 5 patients have high calcitonin values and 6 patients are in excellent health at intervals of 15, 27, 58, 110, 134, and 373 months following resection. The need for adrenal replacement therapy has not caused significant problems in any patient. The results of this study confirm that bilateral total adrenalectomy is a safe modality for the treatment of adrenal medullary disease in this syndrome and that it does not produce significant long-term morbidity.
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