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  • 1
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Motion MRI ; Pharyngeal system ; Adult swallowing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The emergence of turbo-FLASH MR sequences allows us to acquire five 10-mm sections each second and thus to catch images of the soft tissues during function. One can trace the pathway of a liquid between the tongue, the soft palate, the epiglottis and the pharyngeal apparatus and analysis the role of the anatomic structures during swallowing. Restricted to the sagittal plane for the purpose of this preliminary study, this technique can be extended to the other planes to provide a three-dimensional analysis of oropharyngeal function or dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 2
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Motion MRI ; Pharyngeal system ; Adult swallowing
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'apparition des séquences IRM “turbo-FLASH” permet la réalisation de coupes rapides des tissus mous en mouvement. Il est ainsi possible de suivre chronologiquement la progression d'un liquide entre la langue, le palais mou, l'épiglotte et le pharynx lors d'une déglutition et d'observer le jeu des structures anatomiques. Cette technique, volontairement limitée au plan sagittal dans le cadre de cette étude préliminaire, peut être étendue aux autres plans et fournir ainsi une représentation tridimensionnelle des fonctions ou dysfonctions oro-pharyngées.
    Notes: Summary The emergence of turbo-FLASH MR sequences allows us to acquire five 10-mm sections each second and thus to catch images of the soft tissues during function. One can trace the pathway of a liquid between the tongue, the soft palate, the epiglottis and the pharyngeal apparatus and analysis the role of the anatomic structures during swallowing. Restricted to the sagittal plane for the purpose of this preliminary study, this technique can be extended to the other planes to provide a three-dimensional analysis of oropharyngeal function or dysfunction.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 185-189 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lateral pterygoid muscle ; Masticatory muscles ; Innervation ; Human ; Anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The one- or two-headed arrangement of the lateral pterygoid m. (LPM) was analysed by studying the motor nerve distribution within the muscular tissue. In all subjects, the main innervation of the lateral pterygoid m. came from the anterior trunk of the mandibular n. by one to three nerves. These nerves divided into five or six vertical branches which ramified into parallel horizontal tiny fibers. Consequently, the lateral pterygoid m. appeared to be divided into oblique sagittal planes and horizontal layers by the nerve branches, reflecting the multipennate organisation of the muscle. These layers can be selectively recruited during mandibular movements, ensuing a fine medial-lateral control. According to its nerve supply, the LPM has to be considered as a single unit made of independent functional musulo-aponeurotic layers even though its morphologic conformation is in one, two or three heads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    Surgical and radiologic anatomy 20 (1998), S. 185-189 
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Keywords: Lateral pterygoid muscle ; Masticatory muscles ; Innervation ; Human ; Anatomy
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Description / Table of Contents: Résumé L'organisation du muscle ptérygoïdien latéral (LPM) en un ou deux chefs a été analysée à travers l'étude de son innervation. Tous les muscles étudiés présentaient une innervation provenant directement du tronc terminal antérieur du nerf mandibulaire. Cette innervation était issue de 1 à 3 nerfs ptérygoïdiens qui se divisaient rapidement en 2 à 8 branches principales. A l'intérieur du muscle, les nerfs s'organisaient en plans verticaux, parallèles entre eux, de dehors en dedans. Ils émettaient des rameaux terminaux horizontaux parallèles aux fibres musculaires. Ce muscle apparaissait donc divisé par des plans nerveux sagittaux obliques et horizontaux, ces derniers reflétant son organisation penniforme. Les couches musculaires pourraient être sélectivement recrutées lors des mouvements mandibulaires. L'organisation nerveuse intra-musculaire montre que le muscle ptérygoïdien latéral doit être considéré comme un muscle constitué d'une seule entité anatomique formée par une alternance de couches musculo-aponévrotiques fonctionnellement indépendantes.
    Notes: Summary The one- or two-headed arrangement of the lateral pterygoid m. (LPM) was analysed by studying the motor nerve distribution within the muscular tissue. In all subjects, the main innervation of the lateral pterygoid m. came from the anterior trunk of the mandibular n. by one to three nerves. These nerves divided into five or six vertical branches which ramified into parallel horizontal tiny fibers. Consequently, the lateral pterygoid m. appeared to be divided into oblique sagittal planes and horizontal layers by the nerve branches, reflecting the multipennate organisation of the muscle. These layers can be selectively recruited during mandibular movements, ensuing a fine medial-lateral control. According to its nerve supply, the LPM has to be considered as a single unit made of independent functional musulo-aponeurotic layers even though its morphologic conformation is in one, two or three heads.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 5
    ISSN: 1279-8517
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Conclusion Cette étude préliminaire montre que les séquences turbo-FLASH, initialement utilisées dans l'exploration des pathologies cardiaques et valvulaires, sont utilisables pour explorer les fonctions oro-pharyngées. Cette technique présente également un intérêt dans l'évaluation des perturbations fonctionnelles consécutives aux chirurgies cervicofaciales du carrefour aéro-digestif.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 6
    ISSN: 1432-0533
    Keywords: Organophosphate intoxication ; Rat ; Neuropathology ; Histochemistry ; Acetylcholinesterase
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary The effect of soman, a powerful organophosphorus (OP) cholinesterase inhibitor, was investigated in the central nervous system (CNS) of Wistar rats by neurohistology, histochemical mapping of acetylcholinesterase (AChE), and biochemical determination of cholinesterase (ChE) activity. Rats were poisoned by one lethal or sublethal subcutaneous (s.c.) injection or by several less strong weekly doses. When the acute cholinergic action of the OP led to severe respiratory failure and to repeated or prolonged convulsions, the surviving rats exhibited neuronal changes similar to those of hypoxic encephalopathy. In one case chronic intoxication gave rise to these symptoms and lesions after the fourth injection. The histochemical data showed that lesioned gray structures were generally poor in AChE. The enzymatic inhibition was quick and strong, but differed from one structure to another. ChE recovery was rapid until about 96 h after poisoning, the time course depending on the structure, but was incomplete even after 8 days. An attempt to correlate the initial level of ChE inhibition with the severity of the symptoms was not very conclusive. Our data suggest that the encephalopathy comes at least in part from complex hypoxic factors produced by the cholinergic crisis. The sequelae of slight hypoxic encephalopathy could account for some nervous long-term effects in men acutely poisoned by OP and surviving owing to mechanical ventilation.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Springer
    European journal of clinical pharmacology 21 (1982), S. 499-504 
    ISSN: 1432-1041
    Keywords: gentamicin ; malnutrition ; pharmacokinetics ; infant
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine
    Notes: Summary The pharmacokinetics of gentamicin was investigated in normal and malnourished infants aged 4–10 months. Neither mean “elimination” nor “distribution half life” show any difference, but the volume of distribution was higher in malnourished babies, probably due to their larger total body water.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 180 (1957), S. 554-555 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] We are able to confirm this finding. However, in view of the heavily staining, granular cytoplasm of rabbit neutrophils, we abandoned the Pappenheim stain used by Liiers for a simpler colouring method with Harris's alum haematoxylin, acidified or not with glacial acetic acid (1 per cent) and ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 175 (1955), S. 1128-1128 
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] In order to count the eosinophils in dog, rats and man, we used the following technique: the blood sample is drawn quickly into a micropipette, carefully adjusted to the mark, and, diluted to 1/20 in a precisely measured amount of the fluid described, contained in a small test-tube (rimless, ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Journal of oral rehabilitation 20 (1993), S. 0 
    ISSN: 1365-2842
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: A radiographical study has been performed to evaluate the movement of the disc posterior band over the condylar head during mandibular opening. Six formal free embalmed subjects were selected as ‘normal’. Micro stainless steel balls were used as landmarks both into the bone and into the disc for X-ray identification. The data was processed at each phase of movement in selected planes. The true coordinates of each disc landmark gave the potential to calculate the linear length of their path and any distance change between them. It can be concluded that there is a 5% width reduction during the opening movement and it also suggests strongly that a fair amount of translation movement between the disc and the condyle occurs in the lower compartment.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
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