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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Low-dose local nasal immunotherapy in children with perennial allergic rhinitis due to Dermatophagoides (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Allergy 57 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background:Allergen specific immunotherapy was known to be useful in the treatment of respiratory allergic disease. Local nasal immunotherapy (LNIT) offers advantages such as a good efficacy/safety ratio and a more convenient allergen delivery. The aim of this study was to assess the safety and clinical efficacy of a modified scheduling of LNIT in 32 children with allergic rhinitis due to Dermatophagoides. Methods:A multicentre, randomized, double-blind placebo controlled study carried out for two years, with a modified schedule of LNIT treatment: a build-up phase at increasing dosages from 2.5 AU to 80 AU and a maintenance period at low dosage (80 AU) once a week. Symptom and medication scores, threshold dose with specific nasal provocation test (NPT) and immunological parameters (IgE and IgG4) were evaluated. Results:No important local or systemic side-effects were observed in children who completed the study. Compared to placebo, the active treatment group showed significant improvement in rhinitis symptoms and a reduction of drug consumption after 18 months of LNIT. These results were confirmed by a significant reduction of allergen specific nasal reactivity. Serum and nasal specific IgE and IgG4 did not show any difference in the two groups. Conclusions:The safety and clinical efficacy of low-dose LNIT suggests that this therapy may be useful in the treatment of allergic rhinitis disease in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0105-4538.2001.00001.x-i3
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against casein components of cow milk for evaluation of residual antigenic activity in ‘hypoallergenic’ infant formulas (1997)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 27 (1997), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Hydrolysed casein and whey protein formulas have been developed with the aim of preventing sensitization in infants at high risk of cow milk allergy. Subsequently these products have also been used tor treatment of children with cow milk allergy. However, severe reactions have occurred in some allergic infants led with these formulas raising doubts about their absolute safety and suggest the need for developing in vitro techniques for detection of eventual residual allergenic activity in such preparations.Objectives Our purpose was to evaluate the usefulness of monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies against casein components (αβ and κ casein) as reagents for the detection of the residual antigenic activity of casein components in several hydrolysed formulas.Methods The monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies were produced according to standard procedures by immunizing female Balb/c mice with casein fraction (a mixture of α, β and κ casein). ELISA assays were developed to test the specificity of the antibodies and to detect and evaluate the amount of residual antigenic activity of the casein components in hydrolysed formulas.Results Use of polyclonal antiserum specific for casein allowed detection of residual antigenic activity of casein components in all partial hydrolysates and in the two extensive whey protein hydrolysates in the amounts ranging from 0.05 to 0.67% of total protein. No such activity was detectable in either the two extensive casein hydrolysates tested or the aminoacid based formula. The polyclonal antiserum proved to be more suitable than monoclonals for detecting residual antigenic activity in the hydrolysates. The monoclonal antibodies were directed against epitopes expressed on different casein components.Conclusions In this study the ELISA inhibition assay with polyclonal antibodies specific for casein components of cow milk proved to be a sensitive method for estimating residual antigenicity in the hydrolysed formulas commercially available for infants with cow milk allergy suggesting their potential application for the quality control of hypoallergenic infant formulas.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1997.tb01238.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Use of immunoblotting and monoclonal antibodies to evaluate the residual antigenic activity of milk protein hydrolysed formulae (1996)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 26 (1996), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Partial and extensive hydrolysed protein formulae have been developed to lower or eliminate the antigenicity of milk proteins. Although normally well tolerated, extensive hydrolysutes have been reported to induce serious allergic reactions in very sensitive children. Moreover, clinical praetice has often raised concern about the role of partial hydrolysates in cow's milk allergy prevention.Objective Starting from these considerations, we used anti-casein monoclonal antibodies to evaluate the presence of residual antigenic activity in both partially and extensively protein hydrolysates.Methods Electrophoretic analyses associated with immunoblotting technique were performed using nine protein-enriched commercial formulae.Results The presence of different amounts of residual intact cow's milk proteins and/or polypeptidic material with conserved antigenic activity (according to the extensive or partial hydrolysis) was verified in most milk-based samples considered.Conclusion The use of monoclonal antibodies and immunoblotting could be useful for the quality control of commercial hypoaliergenic' formulae.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1996.tb00506.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Elimination diet and intestinal permeability in atopic eczema: a preliminary study (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 23 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We measured small intestinal permeability to lactutose and rhamnose in 18 healthy children and in 15 children with atopic eczema, before and after a 14-day elimination diet. The children with atopic eczema had higher initial urinary lactulose/rhamnose ratios than the controls. After dietary restriction, there was no overall change in permeability. Dietary therapy did however result in a large reduction in permeability in three of the nine children whose skin disease was improved, but a statistically significant decrease in permeability was not observed in the diet-responsive group as a whole. Larger studies would be required to confirm that dietary restrictions can reduce intestinal permeability in some children with atopic eczema.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1993.tb02480.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Determination of allergenicity to three cow's milk hydrolysates and an amino acid-derived formula in children with cow's milk allergy (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science, Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 32 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background Products based on hydrolysed cow milk proteins or amino acid mixtures are recommended in children with cow's milk hypersensitivity. However, some children who are allergic to cow's milk and who clinically react to substitute milk formulas have been observed.Objective To determine the tolerance and allergenicity of protein hydrolysate or amino acid-derived formulas in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy.Methods Twenty children with positive cow's milk challenges, positive skin prick tests and/or serum-specific IgE antibodies to cow's milk were selected. Oral challenges, skin prick tests and serum-specific IgE antibodies to extensively hydrolysed whey formula, partially hydrolysed whey formula, extensively hydrolysed casein formula and amino acid-derived formula were performed.Results Five out of 17 (5/17) children reacted to partially hydrolysed whey formula, (3/16) to extensively hydrolysed whey formula, (2/10) to amino acid-derived formula, (1/16) to extensively hydrolysed casein formula. Only extensively hydrolysed casein formula was tolerated by at least 90% (with 95% confidence intervals) of children. Hydrolysates provoked early and delayed clinical reactions, amino acid mixtures only delayed reactions. Partially hydrolysed whey formula elicited a significantly higher number of positive skin prick test reactions than other formulas. Two children had specific IgE antibodies to extensively hydrolysed whey formula, one to partially hydrolysed whey formula, one to extensively hydrolysed casein formula and none to amino acid-derived formula.Conclusion In this study, none of the cow's milk substitutes has been found to be non-allergenic. Our results suggest that in children with IgE-mediated cow's milk allergy, the first ingestions of extensively hydrolysed cow's milk protein formulas require strict medical supervision because of immediate reactions. This is not the case for amino acid-derived formula. Moreover, our data suggest that treatment of children allergic to cow's milk with cow's milk substitutes should be monitored for several days to document tolerance.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.0022-0477.2001.01262.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    IgE-mediated allergic rhinitis and conjunctivitis caused by Calocedrus decurrens (incense cedar) (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 58 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2003.00302.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Preseasonal local allergoid immunotherapy to grass pollen in children: a double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized trial (2000)
    Copenhagen : Munksgaard International Publishers
    Allergy 55 (2000), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1398-9995
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Background: We assessed the efficacy of preseasonal local allergoid immunotherapy in a group of children with asthma and/or rhinitis and/or rhinoconjunctivitis due to grass pollen. Methods: We randomly assigned 24 children allergic to grass pollen to receivelocal allergoid immunotherapy for 3 months before the pollen season and 24 such patients to receive identically appearing placebo. The immunotherapy consisted of tablets of monomeric allergoid grass pollen allergens held in the mouth until they dissolved and then swallowed. The study was double-blind. Symptoms and medications were scored on diary cards during the pollen season. Nasal eosinophil cationic protein levels were measured by the monoclonal antibodies EG1 and EG2 outside the pollen season and at low and at high pollen concentration during the pollen season. Results: The active-treatment group had a statistically significant reduction of total symptoms (P〈0.05), especially bronchial symptoms (P〈0.05), in comparison with the placebo group. Immunotherapy was well tolerated and compliance was good. Nasal levels of EG2 and EG1 increased significantly during the pollen season, but there was no difference between groups. EG2/EG1 increased significantly only in the placebo group during natural allergen exposure (P〈0.01). Conclusions: Our results suggest that this immunotherapy is effective for the treatment of asthma due to grass pollen in children.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1398-9995.2000.00655.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Screening for delayed-hypersensitivity in Italian children: Multicentric study by multitest skin testing (1990)
    Springer
    European journal of pediatrics 150 (1990), S. 37-39 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-1076
    Keywords: Delayed hypersensitivity ; Skin testing ; Cell-mediated immunity
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Abstract The Multitest skin test allows the simultaneous intradermal application of seven standardized recall antigens in a reproducible manner. Response reading is based on a scoring system that distinguishes between normal and diminished delayed hypersensitivity (DH). To determine incidence and size of DH responses for each antigen in relation to age and sex in healthy Italian children, a multicentric study was performed on a representative paediatric population of 491 subjects (285 males and 296 females) aged from 4 months to 16 years. In both sexes DH reactivity as measured by score and number of positive responses increased significantly with age. The incidence of anergy was 8.8% for the whole population and decreased significantly with age in both sexes. Incidence of positive responses was highest for tetanus and diphteria toxoids, intermediate forCandida, Proteus andStreptococcus, and lowest for tuberculin andTrichophyton antigens. There was no significant difference between sexes in the incidence of positive response to each antigen.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01959477
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