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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Schottky contact barrier height enhancement on p-type silicon by wet chemical etching (1989)
    Springer
    Applied physics 48 (1989), S. 391-395 
    Details
    ISSN: 1432-0630
    Keywords: 73.30
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science, Production Engineering, Mining and Metallurgy, Traffic Engineering, Precision Mechanics , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A wet chemical etch preceding the usual cleaning process has been found to yield Schottky barriers of high values on p-type silicon. This procedure produces a passivated surface layer which has resulted in Al/0-Si Schottky diodes with barrier height of 0.75 eV and ideality factor of 1.15. Measurements have confirmed the presence of electrically active donor-like states in this surface layer. The origin of the donor states is explained in terms of the deactivation of the boron acceptor by the formation ofH + B − pairs.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00618904
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Erbium-doped silicon epilayers grown by liquid-phase epitaxy (1999)
    Springer
    Semiconductors 33 (1999), S. 596-597 
    Details
    ISSN: 1063-7826
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Electrical Engineering, Measurement and Control Technology , Physics
    Notes: Abstract A careful analysis of the features of the spectroscopic properties of Er-doped and undoped epitaxial silicon films grown by liquid-phase epitaxy at 950 °C in silicon-saturated indium melts shows that threading dislocations work as effective gettering sites for erbium and oxygen. The last impurity is incorporated in the epitaxial film by back diffusion from the Czochralski substrate during the growth. The photoluminescence emitted by these films appears to be related to the dislocation and is enforced by the presence of erbium-oxygen complexes.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1187762
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Profiles of dislocation images in Si by scanning microscopy in EBIC. Dependence on the space charge cylinder radius (1985)
    Springer
    Il nuovo cimento della Società Italiana di Fisica 6 (1985), S. 423-436 
    Details
    ISSN: 0392-6737
    Keywords: Defects in crystals
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Physics
    Description / Table of Contents: Riassunto In questo articolo si espone un procedimento matematico per il calcolo di profili EBIC, che prende in considerazione i cilindri di carica spaziale presenti attorno alle dislocazioni. Alla luce dei risultati ottenuti, i dati sperimentali relativi agli effetti di temperatura e resistività sul contrasto delle immagini delle dislocazioni sono interpretati in termini di perturbazione delle condizioni di equilibrio della statistica di occupazione dei «legami disponibili» presenti lungo le dislocazioni.
    Notes: Summary This paper deals with a mathematical procedure for the calculation of EBIC profiles, accounting for the space charge cylinders around the dislocations. On the basis of the relative results the experimental data, regarding the temperature and resistivity effects on the contrast of the dislocation images, are interpreted in terms of perturbations of the equilibrium statistics of occupation of the dangling bonds along dislocations.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02451900
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Increased cerebral blood flow velocity induced by cold pressor test in migraine: a possible basis for pathogenesis? (1995)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Noradrenergic nuclei of the locus coeruleus are believed to be involved in migraine pathogenesis. We recently demonstrated a typical intracerebral vasoconstriction after prolonged (5 min) exposure to cold pressor test (CPT), likely related to a central noradrenergic mechanism modulated at the locus coeruleus level and eliminated by pretreatment with clonidine. In the present study, we used transcranial Doppler ultrasonography to monitor blood flow velocity (BFV) changes to CPT in the middle cerebral artery (MCA) of migraine with (MA, n=12) and without (MO, n=15) aura subjects. CPT induced a significant increase in BFV and a concomitant decrease in the pulsatility index (PI), a pattern which is the opposite of the results obtained with controls. The results were comparable when controls were pretreated with clonidine. The MO patients produced an intermediate pattern between the MA and control subjects. A possible altered modulatory effect of opioids and/or serotonin on noradrenergic nuclei of the brainstem is the possible cause of the observed inverse response in migraine, suggesting intracerebral vasomotor instability in these patients.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1995.1506494.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Bilateral asymmetry of cerebral blood velocity in cluster headache (1994)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 14 (1994), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: In this study, 69 episodic cluster headache (CH) patients (40 in the active phase, 29 in remission period) underwent a complete TCD examination in order to verify the relationship between cerebral blood velocities (CBVs) and the clinical profile of the disease. Fifteen patients were examined during both phases, while 7 were monitored during a spontaneous attack. Sixty-three healthy sex and age-matched controls were also studied. We measured widespread, asymmetric CBV activation during the active phase, bilaterally in the anterior circulation and also in the posterior circulation. A relative reduction of CBV on the anterior cerebral artery pain side, also during remission, suggests a relationship between local vasodilation and the autonomic symptoms ipsilateral to pain during CH attacks.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1994.1405346.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Classification of chronic daily headache by International Headache Society criteria: limits and new proposals (1995)
    USA/Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Cephalalgia 15 (1995), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1468-2982
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: We conducted a retrospective study of 150 patients with chronic daily headache (CDH) to determine how to categorize their headache according to the classification of the International Headache Society (IHS). All patients were first evaluated at Parma and Pavia Headache Centres (from January 1992 to March 1993) and had had headache for at least 15 days a month during the previous 6 months. Four patients were thereafter excluded due to poor reliability. The 146 patients who met our CDH criteria (92 with and 54 without clear-cut migraine attacks) could be classified into four groups: (i) chronic tension-type headache (CTTH)-27 patients; (ii) coexisting migraine plus CTTH-65 patients; (iii) unclassifiable daily headache-27 patients; and (iv) migraine and an unclassifiable interval headache-27 patients. Seventy-two percent of patients with CDH had migraine as the initial form of their headache. We therefore propose to revise the IHS classification for migraine, taking into account its evolution, and add two subcategories, migraine with interparoxysmal headache and chronic migraine.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1468-2982.1995.1501037.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Deep levels in Er-doped liquid phase epitaxy grown silicon (1998)
    Woodbury, NY : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Applied Physics Letters 72 (1998), S. 468-470 
    Details
    ISSN: 1077-3118
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The optical activity of Er-doped silicon is related to the presence of defects which enhance the typical radiative transition at 0.8 eV but whose nature and properties are still largely unknown. We have investigated the deep levels present in Er-doped liquid phase epitaxy silicon to identify the traps possibly related to the luminescence. Among the observed levels, two minority carrier traps labeled E2 (EC−0.20 eV) and E3 (EC−0.39 eV), and one majority carrier trap labeled H1 (Ev+0.32 eV) are good candidates for the material optical activity. The onset of luminescence occurs after a thermal treatment and is accompanied by a high space charge density localization at the epilayer-substrate interface. © 1998 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.120788
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The EL2 trap in highly doped GaAs:Te (1995)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 78 (1995), S. 6592-6595 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: We have investigated highly doped GaAs:Te at different doping concentrations ((approximately-greater-than)1017 cm−3) to assess the presence of the EL2 trap. We have utilized both capacitance and current transient spectroscopy techniques. The crucial parameter for the detection of EL2 is the relative position of the electron quasi-Fermi level in the depletion region. The observed shift of the EL2 apparent activation energy with increasing doping concentration is also discussed. © 1995 American Institute of Physics.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.360480
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spatial distribution of recombination centers in GaAs:Te: Effects of the doping level (1994)
    [S.l.] : American Institute of Physics (AIP)
    Journal of Applied Physics 76 (1994), S. 987-992 
    Details
    ISSN: 1089-7550
    Source: AIP Digital Archive
    Topics: Physics
    Notes: The distribution in liquid-encapsulated-Czochralski (LEC) GaAs:Te wafers of point and complex defects has been investigated together with their influence on the minority-carrier diffusion length L. Three wafers with different Te-doping concentration (2.2×1017, 4.5×1017, and 1.5×1018 cm−3) have been studied by means of the electron-beam-induced-current (EBIC) mode of scanning electron microscopy and of the surface photovoltage (SPV) method. The morphology and electrical activity of the defects observed across each wafer have been correlated to the formation and distribution of deep electronic levels, which are significantly affected by the tellurium concentration. The diffusion length has been found to be mainly controlled by deep levels associated with dislocations. EBIC localized measurements of L and of the net ionized free-carrier concentration provide evidence for the influence of Te concentration on impurity segregation at complex defects.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.357783
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Comparative evaluation of RAST and MAST-CLA for six allergens for the diagnosis of inhalant allergic disease in 232 patients (1992)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Clinical & experimental allergy 22 (1992), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2222
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: The aim of this study was to compare a recent multiple allergosorbent chemiluminescent assay (MAST-CLA) with the RAST for the diagnosis of inhalant allergic disease in 232 patients with rhinitis and/or bronchial asthma. As judged by concordance of clinical history, skin prick tests to a range of six allergens common to our geographic area, and by nasal provocation tests, 70 patients were non-allergic and 162 allergic: 70 to grasses, 46 to mites, four to mugwort, eight to pellitory, and 34 were sensitive to several allergens. In our patient sample that, among other things, comprises subjects with fairly rare monoallergies, MAST-CLA testing gave results which closely corresponded to positive RAST for the allergens studied, and demonstrated a close correlation with the diagnosis of inhalant-specific allergy. Our results showed that, for overall allergens, MAST-CLA was lightly less sensitive and more specific than RAST (the two in vitro tests gave an identical overall efficiency).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2222.1992.tb03077.x
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