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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Heat Shock Effects on Phosphorylation of Protein Synthesis Initiation Factor Proteins eIF-4E and eIF-2.alpha. in Drosophila (1995)
    s.l. : American Chemical Society
    Biochemistry 34 (1995), S. 2985-2997 
    Details
    ISSN: 1520-4995
    Source: ACS Legacy Archives
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/bi00009a030
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    PERK is responsible for the increased phosphorylation of eIF2α and the severe inhibition of protein synthesis after transient global brain ischemia (2005)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 94 (2005), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reperfusion after global brain ischemia results initially in a widespread suppression of protein synthesis in neurons that is due to inhibition of translation initiation as a result of the phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2). To address the role of the eIF2α kinase RNA-dependent protein kinase-like endoplasmic reticulum kinase (PERK) in the reperfused brain, transgenic mice with a targeted disruption of the Perk gene were subjected to 20 min of forebrain ischemia followed by 10 min of reperfusion. In wild-type mice, phosphorylated eIF2α was detected in the non-ischemic brain and its levels were elevated threefold after 10 min of reperfusion. Conversely, there was no phosphorylated eIF2α detected in the non-ischemic transgenic mice and there was no sizeable rise in phosphorylated eIF2α levels in the forebrain after ischemia and reperfusion. Moreover, there was a substantial rescue of protein translation in the reperfused transgenic mice. Neither group showed any change in total eIF2α, phosphorylated eukaryotic elongation factor 2 or total eukaryotic elongation factor 2 levels. These data demonstrate that PERK is responsible for the large increase in phosphorylated eIF2α and the suppression of translation early in reperfusion after transient global brain ischemia.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03276.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Brain ischemia and reperfusion activates the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase, PERK (2001)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Journal of neurochemistry 77 (2001), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1471-4159
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Reperfusion after global brain ischemia results initially in a widespread suppression of protein synthesis in neurons, which persists in vulnerable neurons, that is caused by the inhibition of translation initiation as a result of the phosphorylation of the α-subunit of eukaryotic initiation factor 2 (eIF2α). To identify kinases responsible for eIF2α phosphorylation [eIF2α(P)] during brain reperfusion, we induced ischemia by bilateral carotid artery occlusion followed by post-ischemic assessment of brain eIF2α(P) in mice with homozygous functional knockouts in the genes encoding the heme-regulated eIF2α kinase (HRI), or the amino acid-regulated eIF2α kinase (GCN2). A 10-fold increase in eIF2α(P) was observed in reperfused wild-type mice and in the HRI–/– or GCN2–/– mice. However, in all reperfused groups, the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR)-like endoplasmic reticulum eIF2α kinase (PERK) exhibited an isoform mobility shift on SDS–PAGE, consistent with the activation of the kinase. These data indicate that neither HRI nor GCN2 are required for the large increase in post-ischemic brain eIF2α(P), and in conjunction with our previous report that eIF2α(P) is produced in the brain of reperfused PKR–/– mice, provides evidence that PERK is the kinase responsible for eIF2α phosphorylation in the early post-ischemic brain.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00387.x
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Chronic granulomatous disease (1987)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature 325 (1987), S. 21-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] SIR-Some important considerations were overlooked in the recent discussion between Creighton1 and Orkin2 concerning the putative start codon of the gene responsible for the X-linked form of the phagocytic disorder chronic granulomatous disease (X-CGD). Orkin's group has proposed that the first ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/325021a0
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Mutations in GLIS3 are responsible for a rare syndrome with neonatal diabetes mellitus and congenital hypothyroidism (2006)
    [s.l.] : Nature Publishing Group
    Nature genetics 38 (2006), S. 682-687 
    Details
    ISSN: 1546-1718
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: [Auszug] We recently described a new neonatal diabetes syndrome associated with congenital hypothyroidism, congenital glaucoma, hepatic fibrosis and polycystic kidneys. Here, we show that this syndrome results from mutations in GLIS3, encoding GLI similar 3, a recently identified transcription factor. In ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ng1802
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genomic DNA analysis of the estrogen receptor gene in breast cancer (1989)
    Springer
    Breast cancer research and treatment 14 (1989), S. 57-64 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-7217
    Keywords: breast cancer ; estrogen receptor ; RFLP ; alleles
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Medicine
    Notes: Summary A human estrogen receptor (ER) cDNA probe was used to examine genomic DNA extracted from 59 primary invasive breast cancers. The tumors were also studied histopathologically, and their ER status was assessed by hormone-binding assay and immunohistochemical analysis. Southern blots of genomic DNA samples digested with restriction endonucleases (BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII, PvuII, XbaI) revealed identical restriction fragments for each tumor, indicating preservation of gross ER gene integrity regardless of ER status, clinical stage, or histopathologic appearance. Digestion with PvuII identified a single, two-allele polymorphism with band(s) at 1.6 and/or 0.7 kb. The homozygous 1.6 kb pattern was present in 14 (24%) patients, the heterozygous 1.6/0.7 kb pattern in 29 (49%) patients and the homozygous 0.7 kb pattern in 16 (27%) patients. The PvuII restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) within the ER gene showed no correlation with the results of the ER binding assay, the immunohistochemical analysis, clinical stage, or histopathologic appearance. A significant correlation was found between the genotypes and patient age at the time of tumor diagnosis. Tumors with the homozygous 1.6 kb and the heterozygous 1.6/0.7 kb patterns were observed in older women with mean ages of 64.6 and 64.4 years, respectively. In contrast, patients with tumors containing the homozygous 0.7 kb pattern were significantly younger, with a mean age of 50.4 years (p-value = 0.0024). The mechanism by which the homozygous 0.7 kb genotype is associated with breast cancer in the premenopausal age group is unknown.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF01805976
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of male-specific glucose oxidase and the identification of other unusual hexose enzymes in Drosophila melanogaster (1980)
    Springer
    Biochemical genetics 18 (1980), S. 929-937 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-4927
    Keywords: glucose oxidase ; glucose metabolism ; Drosophila ; sex specific
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology
    Notes: Abstract A glucose oxidase (GO) has been identified in the ejaculatory duct of male Drosophila melanogaster. Evidence is given that this enzyme was previously misidentified as HEX-1. Genetic analysis indicates that the Go structural gene is located on the third chromosome at 48 ± 0.5 cm. Go is polymorphic in males in populations of D. melanogaster and D. simulans located in Athens, Georgia. Two other hexose enzymes have also been tentatively identified for the first time in Drosophila. These are NAD(P)-glucose dehydrogenase (GODH) and NAD-gluconate dehydrogenase (GNDH). GODH and GNDH are found in both males and females and may circumvent the initial steps in the pentose shunt.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF00500125
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Correlated evolution of the cis-acting regulatory elements and developmental expression of the Drosophila Gld gene in seven species from the subgroup melanogaster (1994)
    Chichester [u.a.] : Wiley-Blackwell
    Developmental Genetics 15 (1994), S. 38-50 
    Details
    ISSN: 0192-253X
    Keywords: Evolution ; Drosophila ; promoter ; glucose dehydrogenase ; development ; Life and Medical Sciences ; Genetics
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: The tissue-specific expression patterns of glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) exhibit a high degree of inter specific variation in the adult reproductive tract among the species in the genus Drosophila. We chose to focus on the evolution of GLD expression and the evolution of the Gld promoter in seven closely related species in the mela-nogaster subgroup as a means of elucidating the relationship of changes in cis-acting regulatory elements in the Gld promoter region with changes in tissue-specific expression. Although little variation in tissue-specific patterns of GLD was found in nonreproductive tissues during development, a surprisingly high level of variation was observed in the expression of GLD in both developing and ma-ture reproductive organs. In some cases this variation is correlated with changes in sequence elements in the Gld promoter which were previously shown to direct tissue-specific expression in the reproductive tract. In particular D. teissieri adult males do not express GLD in their ejaculatory ducts, atypical of the melanogaster subgroup species. The Gld promoter region of D. teissieri specifically lacks all three of the TTAGA regulatory elements present in D. melanogaster. The TTAGA elements were previously shown to direct reporter gene expression to the ejaculatory duct. Together these data suggest the absence or presence of the TTAGA elements may be responsible for variation in the absence or presence of GLD in the ejaculatory duct among species. © 1994 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
    Additional Material: 5 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/dvg.1020150106
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Combinatorial control of structural genes in Drosophila: Solutions that work for the animal (1987)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 7 (1987), S. 103-107 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The regulation of glucose dehydrogenase (GLD) in Drosophila illustrates the combinatorial aspects of gene regulation in development. Furthermore, the findings serve to point up a general question about cukaryotic structural gene control: is regulation of expression always optimal?
    Additional Material: 3 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950070303
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Transgenic animal studies on the evolution of genetic regulatory circuitries (1992)
    New York, NY : Wiley-Blackwell
    BioEssays 14 (1992), S. 237-244 
    Details
    ISSN: 0265-9247
    Keywords: Life and Medical Sciences ; Cell & Developmental Biology
    Source: Wiley InterScience Backfile Collection 1832-2000
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The ability to transfer genes from one species to another provides a powerful method to study genetic regulatory differences between species in a homogeneous genetic background. A survey of several transgenic animal experiments indicates that the vast majority of regulatory differences observed between species are due to differences in the cis-acting elements associated with the genes under study. A corollary is that in almost all cases the host species provides the necessary regulatory proteins for expression of the transgenes in specific tissues in which the endogenous homolog is not expressed. Although the details of the cis-acting differences are unknown for most cases, it appears that these differences may consist of the acquisition or loss of unique elements or subtle variation of conserved elements. It is unknown whether much of this variation is directly related to adaptive evolution. The identification of the promoter enhancer elements responsible for these differences is an important first step in examining the functional significance of this variation.
    Additional Material: 1 Ill.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/bies.950140407
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