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  • 1
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Multiple novel promoters from the early region in the Streptomyces temperate phage φC31 are activated during lytic development (1993)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 9 (1993), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Evidence is presented that transcription of most of the early genes in the Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) phage φC31 is from a series of unusual promoters that depend on a function expressed early in the φC31 lytic cycle. Primer extension analysis on the 5′ ends of three early mRNAs, from samples prepared 10min after induction of a thermosensitive φC31 lysogen, showed that the 5′ ends all mapped close to highly similar sequences, which are proposed to be an important part of phage-specific promoters. In a shotgun cloning experiment, a fragment containing one of these sequences strongly activated transcription of the xylE reporter gene in plaques of a φC31-derived promoter-probe vector. Another of the sequences was inserted into a xylE-containing promoter-probe plasmsid vector, and promoted xylE expression only when the host was supporting the lytic cycle of φ C31. This suggested that a transcription factor needed for activity of the promoters was present only in φC31 -infected cells. Examination of published and unpublished φ C31 sequence data revealed several more sequences that closely resemble the conserved region of the characterized promoters. Most of these are found in positions close to apparent transcription start sites mapped previously by low-resolution S1 mapping. An overall consensus sequence for the conserved region suggests a general organization (though not a primary sequence) resembling that of promoters recognized in other bacteria by the σ;54 form of RNA polymerase.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1993.tb01256.x
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  • 2
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Primary and secondary metabolism, and post-translational protein modifications, as portrayed by proteomic analysis of Streptomyces coelicolor (2002)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 46 (2002), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The newly sequenced genome of Streptomyces coelicolor is estimated to encode 7825 theoretical proteins. We have mapped approximately 10% of the theoretical proteome experimentally using two-dimensional gel electrophoresis and matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry. Products from 770 different genes were identified, and the types of proteins represented are discussed in terms of their anno-tated functional classes. An average of 1.2 proteins per gene was observed, indicating extensive post-translational regulation. Examples of modification by N-acetylation, adenylylation and proteolytic processing were characterized using mass spectrometry. Proteins from both primary and certain secondary metabolic pathways are strongly represented on the map, and a number of these enzymes were identified at more than one two-dimensional gel location. Post-translational modification mechanisms may therefore play a significant role in the regulation of these pathways. Unexpectedly, one of the enzymes for synthesis of the actinorhodin polyketide antibiotic appears to be located outside the cytoplasmic compartment, within the cell wall matrix. Of 20 gene clusters encoding enzymes characteristic of secondary metabolism, eight are represented on the proteome map, including three that specify the production of novel metabolites. This information will be valuable in the characterization of the new metabolites.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2002.03219.x
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  • 3
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Genetics of Differentiation in Streptomyces (1993)
    Palo Alto, Calif. : Annual Reviews
    Annual Review of Microbiology 47 (1993), S. 685-711 
    Details
    ISSN: 0066-4227
    Source: Annual Reviews Electronic Back Volume Collection 1932-2001ff
    Topics: Biology
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev.mi.47.100193.003345
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  • 4
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    SCP1, a 356 023 bp linear plasmid adapted to the ecology and developmental biology of its host, Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (2004)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 51 (2004), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: The sequencing of the entire genetic complement of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) has been completed with the determination of the 365 023 bp sequence of the linear plasmid SCP1. Remarkably, the functional distribution of SCP1 genes somewhat resembles that of the chromosome: predicted gene products/functions include ECF sigma factors, antibiotic biosynthesis, a gamma-butyrolactone signalling system, members of the actinomycete-specific Wbl class of regulatory proteins and 14 secreted proteins. Some of these genes are among the 18 that contain a TTA codon, making them targets for the developmentally important tRNA encoded by the bldA gene. RNA analysis and gene fusions showed that one of the TTA-containing genes is part of a large bldA-dependent operon, the gene products of which include three proteins isolated from the spore surface by detergent washing (SapC, D and E), and several probable metabolic enzymes. SCP1 shows much evidence of recombinational interactions with other replicons and transposable elements during its history. For example, it has two sets of partitioning genes (which may explain why an integrated copy of SCP1 partially suppressed the defective partitioning of a parAB-deleted chromosome during sporulation). SCP1 carries a cluster of probable transfer determinants and genes encoding likely DNA polymerase III subunits, but it lacks an obvious candidate gene for the terminal protein associated with its ends. This may be related to atypical features of its end sequences.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.2003.03949.x
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  • 5
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    A rare leucine codon in adpA is implicated in the morphological defect of bldA mutants of Streptomyces coelicolor (2003)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Science Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 50 (2003), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Streptomycetes are mycelial bacteria that produce sporulating aerial hyphae on solid media. Bald (bld) mutants fail to form aerial mycelium under at least some conditions. bldA encodes the only tRNA species able to read the leucine codon UUA efficiently, implying the involvement of a TTA-containing gene in initiating aerial growth. One candidate for such a gene was bldH, because the bldH109 mutant of Streptomyces coelicolor resembles bldA mutants in some aspects. In the work reported here, adpAc, an S. coelicolor gene similar to the Streptomyces griseus A factor-regulated adpAg, was found to complement the bldH109 mutant partially at both single and multiple copies. The sequence of adpAc from the bldH109 mutant revealed a frameshift. A constructed in frame deletion of adpAc conferred a bald colony phenotype, and the mutant behaved like bldA mutants and bldH109 in its pattern of extracellular signal exchange. Both adpAc and adpAg contain a TTA codon. A TTA-free version of adpAc was engineered by replacing the TTA leucine codon with a cognate TTG leucine codon. The adpA(TTA→TTG) gene could partially restore aerial mycelium formation to a bldA mutant when it was followed in cis by the gene ornA, as in the natural chromosomal arrangement. This indicated that the UUA codon in adpAc mRNA is the principal target through which bldA influences morphological differentiation. It also implied that translational arrest at the UUA codon in adpAc mRNA caused a polar effect on the downstream ornA, and that the poor translation of both genes contributes extensively to the deficiency of aerial mycelium formation in bldA mutants. Unlike the situation in S. griseus, adpAc transcription does not depend on the host's γ-butyrolactone signalling system, at least in liquid cultures. In addition, sigma factor BldN, which is the homologue of an S. griseus sigma factor AdsA that is absent from adpAg mutants of S. griseus, was present in the constructed adpAc null mutant of S. coelicolor.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2958.2003.03728.x
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  • 6
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    The use of a rare codon specifically during development? (1991)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 5 (1991), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: A range of circumstantial evidence suggests that in Streptomyces spp., genes required for vegetative growth do not contain the leucine codon TTA. Instead, the codon seems to be confined to a few genes necessary during differentiation, when the colonies begin to produce aerial hyphae and antibiotics. Thus, mutations in bldA, the structural gene for tRNALeuTTA, do not retard vegetative growth, but they prevent normal aerial mycelium and antibiotic production. Most of the known TTA-containing genes specify regulatory or resistance proteins associated with antibiotic-production clusters. Possibly the ability to translate the UUA codons in mRNA from such genes is confined to late stages of colony development. Factors that might have contributed to the evolution of this unusual situation are discussed.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1991.tb01845.x
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  • 7
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Spore colour in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) involves the developmentally regulated synthesis of a compound biosynthetically related to polyketide antibiotics (1990)
    Oxford, UK : Blackwell Publishing Ltd
    Molecular microbiology 4 (1990), S. 0 
    Details
    ISSN: 1365-2958
    Source: Blackwell Publishing Journal Backfiles 1879-2005
    Topics: Biology , Medicine
    Notes: Streptomyces coelicolor produces spores whose development of a grey colour requires the activity of the whiE locus. The cloned whiE locus was identified after mobilization into a whiE mutant of a library of S. coelicolor DNA inserted into a transmissible plasmid vector. The whiE region of the cloned DNA was localized both by subcloning and by mutagenesis of the cloned DNA with the Streptomyces transposon Tn4560. Nucleotide sequencing of this region revealed seven open reading frames, of which six show homo-logy at the level of deduced gene products with genes involved in the synthesis of polyketide antibiotics. A previously described S. coelicolor DNA segment encoding biosynthesis of a brown pigment (Horinouchi and Beppu, 1985) corresponds to the cloned whiE DNA. It is proposed that whiE is normally expressed only in the aerial hyphae, where the biosynthetic product is responsible for spore colour.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2958.1990.tb00545.x
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  • 8
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Complete genome sequence of the model actinomycete Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (2002)
    [s.l.] : Macmillian Magazines Ltd.
    Nature 417 (2002), S. 141-147 
    Details
    ISSN: 1476-4687
    Source: Nature Archives 1869 - 2009
    Topics: Biology , Chemistry and Pharmacology , Medicine , Natural Sciences in General , Physics
    Notes: [Auszug] Streptomyces coelicolor is a representative of the group of soil-dwelling, filamentous bacteria responsible for producing most natural antibiotics used in human and veterinary medicine. Here we report the 8,667,507 base pair linear chromosome of this organism, containing the largest number of genes ...
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/417141a
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  • 9
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Streptomyces genetics in the 1990s (1992)
    Springer
    World journal of microbiology and biotechnology 8 (1992), S. 18-21 
    Details
    ISSN: 1573-0972
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology , Process Engineering, Biotechnology, Nutrition Technology
    Notes: Conclusions The 1980s were a fertile time for research inStreptomyces molecular genetics. Many important questions and possibilities have been raised. In the 1990s it should therefore be possible to formulate many very attractive research proposals, and this decade should witness a full flowering of knowledge about these fascinating bacteria. This will mean that generalizations about the molecular biology of prokaryotes will be put on a much firmer footing than has hitherto been possible with studies largely confined to rapidly growing unicellular organisms such asE. coli andB. subtilis.
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/BF02421480
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  • 10
    Electronic Resource
    Electronic Resource
    Duplicated gene clusters suggest an interplay of glycogen and trehalose metabolism during sequential stages of aerial mycelium development in Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) (2000)
    Springer
    Molecular genetics and genomics 263 (2000), S. 543-553 
    Details
    ISSN: 1617-4623
    Keywords: Key words Glycogen ; Trehalose ; Sporulation
    Source: Springer Online Journal Archives 1860-2000
    Topics: Biology
    Notes: Abstract DNA sequencing and operon disruption experiments indicate that the genes glgBI and glgBII, which code for the two developmentally specific glycogen branching enzymes of Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) each form part of larger duplicated operons consisting of at least four genes in the order pep1-treS-pep2-glgB. The sequences of the TreS proteins are 73% identical (93% similar) to that of an enzyme that converts maltose into trehalose in Pimelobacter, a distantly related actinomycete; and the Pep1 proteins show relatedness to the α-amylase superfamily. Disruptions of each operon have spatially specific effects on the nature of glycogen deposits, as assessed by electron microscopy. Upstream of the glgBI operon, and diverging from it, is a gene (glgP) that encodes a protein resembling glycogen phosphorylase from Thermatoga maritima and a homologue in Mycobacterium tuberculosis. These three proteins form a distinctive subgroup compared with glycogen phosphorylases from most other bacteria, which more closely resemble the enzymes from eukaryotes. Diverging from the glgBII operon, and separated from the pep1 gene by two very small ORFs, is a gene (glgX) encoding a probable glycogen debranching enzyme. It is suggested that most of these gene products participate in the developmentally modulated interconversion of immobile, inert glycogen reservoirs, and diffusible forms of carbon, both metabolically active (e.g. glucose-1-phosphate generated by glycogen phosphorylase) and metabolically inert but physiologically significant (trehalose).
    Type of Medium: Electronic Resource
    URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s004380051200
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